296 results about "Electric arc discharge" patented technology

The invention discloses a power transformer arc discharge multi-parameter detection simulation platform and a fault diagnosis method, and relates to the technical field of power system equipment state monitoring and fault diagnosis. The platform comprises a transformer body, a replaceable discharge module, a multi-parameter sensing unit and a signal processing and diagnosis module, and can truly reproduce various typical arc discharge faults of a needle plate, an air gap, a creeping surface, turn-to-turn and the like. The sensing unit is integrated with ultrahigh frequency and ultrasonic sensing probes, high-frequency current and voltage sensors, optical fiber temperature / pressure / strain sensors and the like, so that synchronous acquisition of multi-physical field signals is realized. According to the diagnosis method, through wavelet denoising and multi-dimensional feature extraction, a feature vector of multi-state parameter fusion in the process from partial discharge to arcing is constructed, and accurate classification of fault types is realized by using a support vector machine (SVM) model. The diagnosis method has high accuracy and early warning capability, effectively overcomes the limitation of single parameter diagnosis, and provides reliable technical support for transformer fault research and intelligent operation and maintenance.

The invention provides embedded metal fullerene and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method comprises the following steps: mixing a metal source and graphite powder, and filling a hollow graphite rod with the mixture to prepare an anode; the electrode is installed at the anode end of an electric arc furnace, and on-line activation is conducted through anode and cathode short-circuit current under the inert atmosphere; then carrying out arc discharge under specific air pressure and current, and collecting generated carbon ash; performing ultrasonic extraction by using an organic solvent to obtain a fullerene crude extracting solution; and finally, performing multi-stage separation and purification by high performance liquid chromatography, and performing primary and fine separation by sequentially adopting preparative and semi-preparative chromatographic columns to obtain a high-purity product. According to the method, a complete technical path capable of efficiently and controllably preparing the ultra-high-purity embedded metal fullerene is formed through a synthesis process integrating online activation and accurate atmosphere regulation and control and a multi-stage gradient chromatography purification strategy, and a solid foundation is laid for application of atomic-scale accurate materials in the frontier fields of quantum devices and the like.

The invention belongs to the technical field of electric power, and discloses an isolating switch which comprises a base, a second insulating column fixedly mounted at the top of the base, a static contact pad fixedly mounted at the top of the second insulating column, and a disconnecting link assembly hinged to the static contact pad, and the butt joint assembly is fixedly arranged at the top of the base. According to the invention, the disconnecting link main body is driven by an electric motor or a hand wheel to rotate by taking the hinged part of the disconnecting link main body and the static contact pad as a center shaft, so that the butt joint piece falls into the top of the moving contact pad, the butt joint piece pushes the two sliding frames, the conductive piece and the butt joint toothed plate to move relatively, and the butt joint toothed plate is engaged with racks on two sides of the butt joint piece; the contact area of the butt-joint piece and the butt-joint toothed plate is increased through meshing of the multiple racks, the phenomenon of deformation caused by thermal expansion and cold contraction is avoided, meanwhile, the butt-joint piece and the butt-joint toothed plate are in surface contact all the time, the effective conductive section is guaranteed, local overheating and arc discharge are avoided, and the reliability of circuit on-off is guaranteed.

The invention relates to a deicing method, system and device based on gas-liquid discharge mode conversion and intelligent regulation, and the method comprises the steps: monitoring and predicting an icing state, and adjusting the output of a multi-gear adjustable power supply according to a prediction result, so as to generate weak spark discharge; when the icing condition is met, the needed energy is calculated according to the monitoring data to adjust the output of the multi-gear adjustable power supply so as to generate dielectric barrier glow discharge, and the discharge parameter is dynamically adjusted to maximize the strong heat input effect; the forming time and position of a gas-liquid mixture cavity under the condition of dielectric barrier glow discharge are predicted in real time by introducing a thermodynamic principle and an ice layer melting model, and after the cavity is detected to be formed, the optimal opportunity and energy of strong arc discharge are determined according to cavity parameters; therefore, the output of the multi-gear adjustable power supply is adjusted to generate strong arc discharge, and the cavity of the gas-liquid mixture is induced to expand and break, so that the ice layer falls off. The invention provides a more efficient, environment-friendly and reliable deicing solution.

The invention discloses a safe operation method and an equipotential system for an aerial operation robot, and the method is characterized in that the safe operation method comprises the following steps: a drainage guide rod of the equipotential system is arranged at the bottom of a foot stool and is connected with an overhead line when approaching the overhead line, and a tensioning reset mechanism keeps the drainage guide rod to be in contact with the overhead line during landing; it is ensured that the aerial work robot and the overhead line are in an equipotential state in the landing process, and damage to components on a machine body of the aerial work robot caused by arc discharge is avoided; the traveling wheels form stable equipotential after riding to the overhead line, the driving mechanism drives the drainage guide rod to be separated from the overhead line, and the drainage guide rod is limited by the limiting device, so that electric arc and fire caused by long-time friction between the drainage guide rod and the overhead line during operation movement are avoided; limiting is relieved after operation, the tensioning reset mechanism enables the drainage guide rod and the overhead line to recover connection and keep connection, the flying-away aerial operation robot and the overhead line are in an equipotential state, and the equipotential system is closed or dormant after the flying-away aerial operation robot is separated from the overhead line.

The invention provides a directional ultra-short strong field electromagnetic pulse generation device, a plasma channel is formed through laser targeting gas and ultra-short strong field electromagnetic pulses are generated, the device comprises a high-power laser, a laser focusing module, a gas target module and a vacuum cavity, the high-power laser is used for generating femtosecond laser pulses and emitting the femtosecond laser pulses into the vacuum cavity; the laser focusing module is arranged in the vacuum cavity and is used for focusing femtosecond laser pulses generated by the high-power laser onto the gas target; the gas target module is arranged in the vacuum cavity and used for generating a high-density gas target and spraying the high-density gas target upwards, and a gas spraying opening of a gas target nozzle is located below the laser focus and can be adjusted in an electric control mode. According to the invention, escape electrons with charge quantity larger than that of a solid target and a low-density gas target can be generated, and laser forms arc discharge similar to thunder and lightning cloud in near-critical density plasma to generate EMP, so that electromagnetic radiation which is stronger than that of the solid target and far better than that of a common gas target can be generated.

Provided are an uninterruptible power supply (UPS), a method and an apparatus for soft starting the UPS, and a controller. In the UPS, an inverter circuit is provided with three-phase output terminals, and two output terminals of a pre-charge circuit are electrically connected to output terminals of any two phases, respectively. The UPS charges a bus capacitor through an energy storage operation and a freewheeling operation, so that a voltage of the bus capacitor is greater than a peak value of a mains power. When the mains relay is powered on, a voltage of an end of the mains relay that is electrically connected to the mains power is lower than the voltage of the bus capacitor. Due to limitation of a conduction direction in a rectification circuit, no inrush current occurs, thereby reducing arcing of relay contacts and improving stability of the UPS during a power-on process.

The invention relates to the technical field of power system fault simulation, and discloses a DC fault simulation method for a medium-voltage DC system, and the method comprises the steps: constructing an equivalent circuit containing line distribution parameters, and representing the transmission characteristics of resistance, inductance and capacitance per unit length, a linear mathematical model of arc voltage and arc length is established based on arc discharge experiment data, a dynamic resistance curve is generated in combination with an arc length time increase function, an initial value and a change rate of dynamic resistance are extracted as characteristic parameters, and a mapping relation table of the characteristic parameters with metallic short circuit and mild / severe arc faults is established. And according to a target fault type, matching a dynamic resistance parameter, injecting the dynamic resistance parameter into an equivalent circuit, solving a differential equation containing a time-varying resistor, and outputting a high-fidelity DC fault current signal. The method solves the problem that static resistance simulation cannot reproduce arc dynamic characteristics, and significantly improves the accuracy of fault simulation.

The invention provides a spark discharge device and a spark discharge accurate control method, and relates to the technical field of spark discharge. The device comprises a pair of spark electrodes, a rotary switch, a capacitor and a power supply, wherein a gap exists between working ends of the spark electrodes; the spark electrode, the rotary switch and the capacitor are connected in series to form a discharging loop, and the capacitor and the power supply are connected in series to form a charging loop; the rotary switch comprises a rotatable rotor and a toothed bar connected with the rotor; a contact is arranged in the discharge loop, and when the contact is in contact with the toothed bar, the discharge loop is conducted. According to the invention, the discharge loop is rapidly switched on and switched off through the rotary switch, various parameters of spark discharge can be accurately and stably controlled, so that the spark discharge is not influenced by the environment, such as spark breakdown voltage, discharge frequency and the like, and the spark discharge can be prevented from being converted into corona, glow or arc discharge, for example, the spark discharge can be normally generated under low air pressure.

Methods of monitoring arcing in a process chamber, processing chambers and monitoring apparatus are described. At least one of the angular or radial position of a magnetron is determined in the chamber relative to a reference location on a surface of the substrate using positional information from one or more motors. An arcing profile is generated comprising a plurality of arcing states measured based at least on the determined angular and / or radial position of the magnetron.

The invention provides an electric arc discharge detection method of a parallel energy storage battery unit and a related product. A plurality of energy storage battery units are connected in parallel, microphones are arranged in the energy storage battery units, battery management systems of the energy storage battery units are configured to detect end currents and end voltages of the energy storage battery units, and the electric arc discharge detection method comprises the steps that the battery management systems judge whether the end currents and the end voltages have electric arc discharge characteristics or not; if yes, the battery management system controls the energy storage battery unit to be disconnected; collecting a sound signal detected by the microphone in the same time period when the electric arc discharge characteristic appears; identifying whether the sound signal has a sound feature in an electric arc generation state or not; and if yes, determining that the energy storage battery unit has an electric arc discharge event. According to the scheme provided by the invention, the electrical arcing identification of the sound signal dimension is carried out according to the sound signal detected by the microphone in the time period when the electrical arcing characteristic appears, so that the judgment is carried out by utilizing the multi-dimensional data, the identification accuracy is improved, and the false detection and the missing detection are reduced.

The present invention discloses a liquid-gas phase change device based on arc discharge excitation and an excitation method thereof. The liquid-gas phase change device includes a primary chamber and a plurality of phase change units arranged on the primary chamber and communicated with the primary chamber; each phase change unit includes a high-voltage power generation module, a first discharge electrode, a second discharge electrode and a heating tooling. The second ends of the first discharge electrode and the second discharge electrode respectively insert into the cavity of the heating tooling from two opposite connection ports of the heating tooling and are aligned; the first ends of the first discharge electrode and the second discharge electrode are respectively connected to the positive output end and the negative output end of the high-voltage power generation module. The present invention can realize the rapid heating of the liquid medium, significantly improve the heating efficiency and the gaseous phase change reaction rate, and further improve the energy conversion efficiency.

The invention discloses a fault detection method and system based on lightning protection device performance data, and relates to the technical field of fault detection, and the method comprises the steps: capturing the airflow velocity and airflow pressure deviation of a multi-crack outlet of a lightning protection device under the impact of a high lightning current in real time, and collecting the arc length data of an outlet point of the lightning protection device, and the temperature and instantaneous arc resistance of the thermocouple induction arc column are calculated. According to the method, the normalized airflow energy density and arc energy density features are combined into the joint feature sequence, so that the coupling relationship between the airflow performance and the arc discharge behavior of the lightning protection device can be captured, and the global detection state of slow evolution and instantaneous mutation of the equipment fault is realized; the lightning stroke threat intensity can be independently reflected by defining the dynamic risk index, lightning stroke threat propagation and topological network characteristics are combined in combination with lightning protection device performance detection data, and therefore transmission effect modeling of the lightning stroke dynamic risk is achieved.

A coating system for coating a substrate by an arc discharge comprises a target holder for holding a target; a substrate holder arranged along an emission axis behind the target holder for holding a substrate to be coated by the target; an anode for generating an arc discharge between the target holder and the anode, wherein the anode is arranged between the target holder and the substrate holder; an manipulation system arranged along the emission axis behind the anode, which is arranged to generate an electric and / or magnetic field for influencing a plasma propagating from the target holder along the emission axis by the arc discharge. A method for generating a plasma by an arc discharge and for manipulating the plasma by a magnetic field generated by one or more than one electromagnetic coil disposed along the emission axis behind the anode.

This invention provides an electrode device having a support for engaging and holding a graphite electrode used in the manufacture of a quartz crucible via arc discharge. The electrode device is characterized in that the outermost surface layer of the support, at the portion adjacent to the graphite electrode when the support is engaged with the graphite electrode, has an anti-fouling film. Thus, an electrode device is provided that can suppress contamination from the support, shorten the lifespan of the graphite electrode, and reduce manufacturing costs.

An example of a sliding contact strip capable of suppressing frequent arc discharges is disclosed. [Solution] The sliding contact strip 1 is provided with an insulating portion 4 on the sliding contact surface 3 that has a higher electrical resistance than the conductive portion (parts other than the insulating portion 4), and the insulating portion 4 is provided only on a portion of the sliding contact surface 3 in the width direction. Therefore, the occurrence of arc discharge between the trolley wire and the insulating portion 4 can be suppressed, and even if arc discharge occurs between the trolley wire and the conductive portion 5, the continuous and frequent occurrence of such arc discharge can be suppressed. Consequently, premature damage to the sliding contact strip 1 can be suppressed.

The invention provides a system and a method for removing charges in liquid medicine, which are applied to the technical field of semiconductors. According to the invention, a small-flow liquid medicine circulation pipeline is additionally arranged on a machine table pipeline at the front end of the liquid medicine nozzle, and the liquid medicine circulation pipeline is grounded, so that as long as one path is grounded, charges in the liquid medicine in all branches can be conducted away along the path; therefore, charges in all the liquid medicine in the machine pipeline can be conducted away, the problem that when the liquid medicine nozzle sprays liquid medicine to the surface of a wafer, instantaneous high potential difference is generated, arc discharge defects are formed, and a circuit fails is solved, and the reliability, the electrical performance and the yield of products are improved. In addition, the method is simple and efficient, and is suitable for various liquid medicines, so that the method has relatively high mass production applicability.

The invention discloses a low-temperature vacuum annular electron accelerator arc reactor, which relates to the field of electromagnetism and is applied to the technology and concept of energy generation, conversion and transmission. The device is composed of a high-voltage electron gun module (1), a low-temperature vacuum annular pipe module (2), a sealing module (3), an accelerating electric field module (4), a magnet guiding module (5), a magnetic core module (6), an induction coil output module (7) and a base module (8). According to the technology and the concept, a low-temperature vacuum annular electron accelerator is used for replacing a primary coil winding of a traditional transformer, that is, the same electric field is used for circularly accelerating electrons emitted into an annular vacuum tube by an electron gun to form annular electron flow to replace the primary coil winding of the traditional transformer. When the high-speed circling electrons lose to accelerate the action of an electric field, due to the mass inertia effect of the high-speed electrons, the annular current cannot disappear immediately under the guidance of the magnetic lines of force of the fixed magnet, the magnetic flux of the magnetic core still changes, and therefore the secondary coil can still obtain corresponding arc discharge. Therefore, the inductive discharge of the secondary coil can reversely act on the energy conversion of the accelerating electric field or the electron gun, so that the energy conversion efficiency is improved, and the energy loss is reduced.

The present invention provides a substrate processing method and a substrate processing apparatus capable of suppressing the occurrence of arc discharge during an etching process. The present invention is a substrate processing method in a chamber, wherein the chamber includes: a stage for placing a substrate; an upper electrode opposed to the stage; and a gas supply port for supplying a processing gas into the chamber, and the substrate processing method includes the following a) to d). a) is a step of providing a substrate to the stage. b) is a step of supplying a first processing gas into the chamber. c) is a step of generating plasma from the first processing gas by continuously supplying a negative DC voltage to the upper electrode while continuously supplying an RF signal. d) is a step of generating plasma from the first processing gas by continuously supplying a negative DC voltage to the upper electrode while supplying a pulsed RF signal. c) and d) are alternately and repeatedly executed. In addition, the period of each execution of c) is 30 seconds or less.

The invention discloses a strong arc discharge transient impact measurement device. The device comprises a shielding box for realizing an electromagnetic shielding function; the box body and the cover plate are fixedly connected through flange turnups arranged on the periphery of the box body, and the cover plate is provided with a graphite copper sleeve. The force transmission pipe is inserted into the inner side of the graphite copper sleeve; the mounting base is a cylinder with a boss and is fixed on the inner surface of the bottom of the shielding box; the pressure sensor is sleeved on the boss of the mounting base; the insulator has an insulating property, so that insulation between the force transmission tube and the pressure sensor is realized; the shielding box is an electric conductor, and the flange flanging is connected with a loop of an external arc injection test facility; during test, an electric arc discharges between an electrode of the electric arc injection test facility and a to-be-tested piece to generate downward pressure, current flows into the shielding box from the to-be-tested piece, flows out of a flange flange of the shielding box and returns to the electric arc injection test facility, and the pressure is transmitted to the pressure sensor from the to-be-tested piece through the force transmission pipe and the insulator; the device is used for measuring the transient impact of strong arc discharge.

The present invention provides a method and system for determining the physical properties of arc discharge plasma in transformer oil, relating to the field of data processing technology. The implementation scheme comprises: performing a power-frequency arc discharge on the transformer oil to determine the initial particle concentration of each element when a plasma channel is formed in the transformer oil, and collecting the radiation light from the power-frequency arc discharge; performing spectral analysis on the radiation light, and determining the particle type, heavy particle temperature, electron temperature, and excited-state temperature of the plasma in the transformer oil based on the spectral analysis results; iteratively correcting the initial particle concentration of each element based on the particle type, heavy particle temperature, electron temperature, and excited-state temperature of the plasma in the transformer oil to obtain a target particle concentration for each element; and determining the physical properties of the plasma in the transformer oil based on the target particle concentration for each element. This method can accurately describe the physical properties of the plasma in the transformer oil.

The present invention discloses an equipotential system for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and a safe operation method. The advantages of the equipotential system are that the equipotential system includes a self-tightening drainage mechanism and a disconnecting mechanism. After the equipotential system is initialized and started, the drainage wire of the self-tightening drainage mechanism arranged at the bottom of the tripod is first connected to the overhead line to form an equipotential state. During landing, the drainage wire is passively extended to maintain good contact with the overhead line, so that the UAV and the overhead line are in an equipotential state; after the walking wheel rides on the overhead line, the drainage wire is pulled away from the overhead line by the disconnecting mechanism before operation, so as to avoid the drainage wire and the overhead line from being rubbed for a long time during operation to generate an arc and melt; before flying away after the operation, the disconnecting mechanism releases the drainage wire so that the drainage wire and the overhead line are restored to be connected; during flying away, the drainage wire automatically contracts to maintain good contact with the overhead line, so that the UAV and the overhead line are in an equipotential state, so as to avoid arc discharge and damage to the components of the UAV body; the equipotential system is closed after the drainage wire is disconnected from the overhead line.

The invention discloses a preparation method of a high-stability carbon rod for preparing a single-walled carbon nanotube by arc discharge, the carbon rod prepared by the method is prepared by a secondary granulation and gradient sintering process, and the preparation method comprises the following steps: 1) uniformly mixing graphite powder (C), micron-sized nickel powder (Ni), yttrium oxide (Y2O3), phenolic resin and absolute ethyl alcohol according to a certain proportion, the mixing method is ball milling; 2) drying the mixture in a hot air box for secondary granulation; 3) placing the dried mixture in a square or cylindrical mold for compression molding to obtain a carbon ingot; and 4) carrying out gradient sintering on the pressed and molded carbon ingot to obtain the carbon rod with good conductivity. The resistivity is 6.9 E <-4 > omega.m after sintering treatment at 900 DEG C, and the resistivity is 3.4 E <-4 > omega.m after sintering treatment at 1000 DEG C. The gradient sintered carbon rod with good conductivity has good conductivity, high mechanical strength and machinability, and also has the advantages of simple preparation process flow, low price, strong stability, batch production and the like. Through secondary granulation and gradient sintering processes, the prepared carbon rod meets the requirement of arc discharge for synthesis of a single-walled carbon nanotube, the conductivity of the obtained carbon rod is obviously changed along with different sintering temperatures, and the yield of the single-walled carbon nanotube is further influenced.

The invention relates to the technical field of power semiconductor device damage prediction, and particularly provides a silicon carbide material high-voltage breakdown arc three-dimensional reconstruction and damage prediction method, which comprises the following steps: S1, collecting time sequence data and synchronous spectrum data of arc discharge of a silicon carbide material in a high-voltage breakdown process, and carrying out pretreatment; s2, modeling an electric arc evolution process by adopting a space-time convolutional neural network, and reconstructing an electric arc three-dimensional space path and energy distribution; s3, carrying out association modeling on the space-time arc characteristics and the damage calibration data, and training to obtain a damage prediction model; and S4, acquiring time sequence data and synchronous spectrum data of arc discharge of the silicon carbide material in the high-voltage breakdown process, inputting the obtained space-time arc characteristics into the damage prediction model, and outputting a damage prediction result of the silicon carbide material. According to the method, nonlinear mapping is established between the arc spatial-temporal characteristics and the actual damage data, so that the damage indexes such as wafer surface ablation, crack formation and conductivity decline are predicted.

The invention discloses an intelligent monitoring system for a high-frequency grounding device of a journal sticking type axle engine, which comprises a hardware module, a remote monitoring cloud platform and a local intelligent monitoring unit, and is characterized in that the remote monitoring cloud platform is in wireless communication connection with the local intelligent monitoring unit, the local intelligent monitoring unit monitors the hardware module in real time, and the hardware module is in wireless communication connection with the remote monitoring cloud platform. The remote monitoring cloud platform comprises a big data analysis and fault engine module, and the big data analysis and fault engine module comprises a long-term trend analysis unit, a precision fault model diagnosis unit and an algorithm model optimization and parameter issuing unit; the system realizes real-time intelligent monitoring of the state of the high-frequency grounding device through multi-sensor information fusion and a hierarchical decision mechanism, not only can early identify faults such as carbon brush wear and arc discharge, but also can adapt to environmental changes, effectively reduce the false alarm rate, improve the suppression efficiency of shaft current, and improve the reliability of the high-frequency grounding device. Therefore, the service lives of the bearing and equipment are prolonged.

The utility model relates to the field of preparation of carbon nanotubes, and particularly discloses a reaction device of a high-performance multi-walled carbon nanotube, which comprises a sealed reaction box, an anode carbon rod, a cathode carbon rod, an anode carbon rod conveying device, a cathode carbon rod base and a scraper, the cathode carbon rod is mounted on the cathode carbon rod base, the cathode carbon rod base is positioned at the bottom of the inner side of the sealed reaction box, and the scraper is mounted on the anode carbon rod conveying device. The anode carbon rod conveying device comprises a conveying block, a first screw rod and an anode carbon rod fixing plate, the conveying block penetrates through the outer wall of the sealed reaction box, a conveying channel and a screw rod mounting channel are formed in the conveying block, one end of the first screw rod is rotationally connected into the screw rod mounting channel, and a connecting groove is formed between the conveying channel and the screw rod mounting channel; one side of the anode carbon rod fixing plate is in threaded connection with the first lead screw, the bottom of the anode carbon rod fixing plate is located in the conveying channel, an anode carbon rod is installed on the side face of the anode carbon rod fixing plate, and a sealing cover is arranged on the side, located outside the sealing reaction box, of the conveying block. The gap error between the anode carbon rod and the cathode carbon rod can be smaller, and the purity of the carbon nano tube after arc discharge is higher.

The present application relates to battery thermal management and functional fluid material technical field, especially to a kind of cooling liquid.It includes the following components by weight parts: base liquid 600-900 parts, 2-pyrrolidone 5-15 parts, ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid or its alkali metal salt 1-3 parts, polyepoxysuccinic acid 0.5-2 parts, PEO-PPO-PEO type block polyether dispersant 1.5-6 parts, 1-ethyl-3-methyl imidazole bis (trifluoromethyl sulfonate) imidazole 0.05-0.5 parts and glycidyl ether oxypropyl trimethoxysilane 0.1-1.5 parts;Wherein, the base liquid includes deionized water and ethylene glycol, propylene glycol or its combination.The present application realizes lower electrical conductivity by the synergistic design of cooling liquid component and ratio, while maintaining good thermal conductivity, which is conducive to improve electrical insulation safety and reduce arc discharge risk.

An arc thruster with a combined emitter and cathode structure belongs to the field of space electric propulsion. This invention addresses the short lifespan and complex structure of existing arc thrusters. The invention comprises a tantalum tube, a heating unit, an emitter, and a tungsten electrode. The emitter and tungsten electrode are coaxially nested and mounted at the top of the tantalum tube's inner cylinder. The emitter's sleeve is coaxially disposed within the barrel of the tungsten electrode, forming an annular gas space between the sleeve and barrel. The heating unit heats the emitter to above 1500°C, generating thermal emission seed electrons within the emitter's grooves. These electrons fly out through the small holes in the tungsten electrode, colliding with the swirling outflowing gas from the side of the tungsten electrode, triggering an electron avalanche and achieving arc discharge between the cathode and anode. Electrons continuously generated by the emitter, under the action of the cathode and anode electric fields, reach the anode, establishing a continuous arc discharge between the cathode and anode, ultimately achieving ignition of the arc thruster.

In the method for carrying out pulsed electric arc discharges under vacuum conditions, at least one electric arc discharge is initiated between a cathode and an anode in that a laser beam is directed from a laser radiation source onto a surface of the cathode in order to form a starting plasma, and then, after formation of a starting plasma, by means of an electric voltage with an electric current, which is applied to the cathode and the anode, which in turn are arranged at a distance from one another, an electric arc discharge is ignited between the cathode and anode, wherein the igniting of the electric arc discharge is triggered by providing a starting plasma with a focused laser beam by means of a pulse sequence, consisting of at least two laser pulses emitted consecutively from the laser radiation source.

Disclosed is an optical system based on a high-speed linear array CCD camera and schlieren, comprising a light source, a slit, first and second reflecting spherical mirrors, a cutting edge, a beamsplitter, a high-speed linear array CCD camera, and a high-speed area array CCD camera. A method for operating the optical system based on a high-speed linear array CCD camera and schlieren is also provided. A closed-loop control system based on a high-speed linear array CCD camera and schlieren is also provided, comprising a pulsed arc plasma exciter, an optical system based on a high-speed linear array CCD camera and schlieren, a high-performance real-time controller with an embedded proportional-integral-differential (PID) control law, and a host computer. Also provided is a workflow for supersonic closed-loop flow control based on a high-speed linear array CCD camera and schlieren system. The present invention utilizes optical sensing methods to avoid the strong electromagnetic interference of pulsed arc discharge on closed-loop feedback signals, thereby achieving a transition from blind open-loop to closed-loop adaptive control of pulsed arc plasma excitation in supersonic flow control.