21323 results about "Reaction conditions" patented technology

A process for producing hollow, single-walled carbon nanotubes by catalytic decomposition of one or more gaseous carbon compounds by first forming a gas phase mixture carbon feed stock gas comprising one or more gaseous carbon compounds, each having one to six carbon atoms and only H, O, N, S or Cl as hetero atoms, optionally admixed with hydrogen, and a gas phase metal containing compound which is unstable under reaction conditions for said decomposition, and which forms a metal containing catalyst which acts as a decomposition catalyst under reaction conditions; and then conducting said decomposition reaction under decomposition reaction conditions, thereby producing said nanotubes.

A method for fabricating a silicon oxide and silicon glass layers at low temperature using soft power-optimized Plasma-Activated CVD with a TEOS-ozone-oxygen reaction gas mixture (TEOS O3/O2 PACVD) is described. It combines advantages of both low temperature Plasma-Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition (PECVD) and TEOS-ozone Sub-Atmospheric Chemical Vapor Deposition (SACVD) and yields a coating of silicon oxide with stable and high deposition rate, no surface sensitivity, good film properties, conformal step coverage and good gap-fill. Key features of the invention's O3/O2 PACVD process are: a plasma is maintain throughout the entire deposition step in a parallel plate type reactor chamber, the precise RF plasma density, ozone concentration in oxygen and the deposition temperature. These features provide the reaction conditions for the proper O3/O2 reaction mechanism that deposits a conformal silicon oxide layer. The process has significant implication for semiconductor device manufacturing involving the deposition of a dielectric over a conducting non-planar surface.

Methods are disclosed for producing libraries of nucleic acid molecules which libraries are derived from a nucleic acid template. The libraries comprise variant nucleic acids which are produced from a mutagenesis strategy using, e.g., a plurality of defined mutagenic and/or non-mutagenic primers and specific reaction conditions which favor the production of varied combinatorial mutants.

A catalyst composition and process for the conversion of linear and/or branched paraffin hydrocarbons based on the use of an ionic liquid catalyst in combination with a Brønsted Acid, which provides a catalytic composition with an increased activity compared with said ionic liquid. Under suitable reaction conditions this conversion is leading to paraffin hydrocarbon fraction with higher octane number.

The invention discloses alumina-coated granules, as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The alumina-coated granules consist of cores and shells which coat the cores. The cores are made of at least one of materials of metals, oxides, metal hydroxides, metal inorganic salts, non-metals, carbides, nitrides, lithium salts, semiconductors and organic compounds; the shell is made of Al2O3. By adopting a liquid phase method, the cores to be coated are mixed with aluminum salts, metal aluminum is precipitated by producing an alkaline environment in situ or externally adding alkaline, so that uniform, continuous and controllable coating can be formed on the surfaces of the cores. The coating method provided by the invention is simple, and has mild conditions and high universality; the coating layer has controllable thickness, completeness and uniformity; the alumina-coated granules has high practicability and a great application prospect in the field of catalysis, lithium ion batteries, surface-enhanced Raman, biomedicine and the like.

Systems and processes for producing hydrogen using bacteria are described. One detailed process for producing hydrogen uses a system for producing hydrogen as described herein, the system including a reactor. Anodophilic bacteria are disposed within the interior of the reactor and an organic material oxidizable by an oxidizing activity of the anodophilic bacteriais introduced and incubated under oxidizing reactions conditions such that electrons are produced and transferred to the anode. A power source is activated to increase a potential between the anode and the cathode, such that electrons and protons combine to produce hydrogen gas. One system for producing hydrogen includes a reaction chamber having a wall defining an interior of the reactor and an exterior of the reaction chamber. An anode is provided which is at least partially contained within the interior of the reaction chamber and a cathode is also provided which is at least partially contained within the interior of the reaction chamber. The cathode is spaced apart at a distance in the range between 0.1-100 centimeters, inclusive, from the anode. A conductive conduit for electrons is provided which is in electrical communication with the anode and the cathode and a power source for enhancing an electrical potential between the anode and cathode is included which is in electrical communication at least with the cathode. A first channel defining a passage from the exterior of the reaction chamber to the interior of the reaction chamber is also included.

Processes for the conversion of hydrocarbons boiling in the temperature range of from about 80° F. to about 1000° F. to diesel boiling range hydrocarbons, and processes for increasing the cetane number and amount of n-C₁₇ hydrocarbon products in such processes. Diesel boiling range hydrocarbons may be produced by contacting a hydrocarbon boiling in the above-mentioned boiling range with a triglyceride-containing compound to form a mixture, and then contacting the mixture with a hydrotreating catalyst under suitable reaction conditions.

Salen complexes were found to be excellent catalysts for the reaction of terminal epoxides with CO₂ when used in conjunction with a Lewis base cocatalyst (DMAP). This catalyst system cleanly affords the product cyclic carbonates in high yield under mild reaction conditions and is applicable to a variety of terminal epoxides.

Provided are methods for enhanced sequencing of nucleic acid templates. Also provided are reaction conditions that increase branching fractions during polymerization reactions. Also provided are compositions comprising modified recombinant polymerases that exhibit branching fractions that are higher than the branching fractions of the polymerases from which they were derived. Provided are compositions comprising modified recombinant polymerases that exhibit delayed translocation relative to the polymerases from which they were derived. Also provided are compositions comprising modified recombinant polymerases that exhibit increased nucleotide or nucleotide analog residence time at an active site of the polymerase. Provided are methods for generating polymerases with the aforementioned phenotypes and methods of using such polymerases to sequence a DNA template or make a DNA. Also provided are methods and nucleic acid sequencing systems for determining which labeled nucleotide is incorporated at a site during a template-dependent polymerization reaction.

The invention discloses a method to synthesize propylene oxide, which is characterized in that alcohol with low content of carbon, propylene and oxydol(mol ratio 1-15:0.5-5:1) are put into a reactor which is fed with catalyzer; the propylene and the oxydol react and produce propylene oxide, and the condition for the reaction includes: temperature 30-90 DEG C, pressure 0.5-4.5MPa, ph value of the solution 5,0-8.0, and airspeed of the solution 0.1-7h-1; wherein the temperature and ph value of the solution in the whole process are adjusted according to the conversion rate of the oxydol, and once the conversion rate of the oxydol drops to 88.5%, the ph value and the temperature of the solution are increased. The method is simple in process, mild in condition, the conversion rate of the oxydol is high and the propylene oxide is of selectivity; meanwhile, the life of the catalyzer is prolonged to over 1200h through the adjustment of the ph value and the temperature of the solution.

A continuous gas fluidized bed polymerization process for the production of a polymer from a monomer including continuously passing a gaseous stream comprising the monomer through a fluidized bed reactor in the presence of a catalyst under reactive conditions; withdrawing a polymeric product and a stream comprising unreacted monomer gases; cooling said stream comprising unreacted monomer gases to form a mixture comprising a gas phase and a liquid phase and reintroducing said mixture into said reactor with sufficient additional monomer to replace that monomer polymerized and withdrawn as the product, wherein said liquid phase is vaporized, and wherein the stream comprises an induced condensing agent selected from the group consisting of alkanes, cycloalkanes, and mixtures thereof, the induced condensing agent having a normal boiling point less than 25° C.

The invention relates to a method for preparing shell-core structured medicament nano fiber by coaxial electrostatic spinning technology, comprising: (1) dissolving high molecular polymer and medicament in mass proportion of 60-99.9:0.1-40 in organic solvent with high volatility, and stirring until complete dissolution to obtain shell solution; (2) dissolving one or more than one of natural polymer, medicament, and bioactive factor in the solvent, or dissolving the same in super pure water under aseptic condition to obtain core solution; and (3) carrying out coaxial electrostatic spinning, setting the spinning voltage at 15-25kv, the reception distance at 8-20cm, the spinning pushing speed at 0.1-1.5mL/h, and the spinning nozzle as 0.9mm, to obtain the shell-core structured medicament nano fiber. The preparation method is simple in operation, mild in reaction condition, low in cost and favorable for economic benefit; in preparing the shell-core structured medicament nano fiber, two or more than two medicaments can be simultaneously loaded and released, thus meeting requirements of tissue regeneration or patients.

The invention discloses a method for synthesizing tyrosine kinase inhibitor PCI-32765. The method comprises the following steps of: 1) carrying out a coupled reaction between a compound 10 and a compound 15 to obtain a compound 6; 2) reacting the compound 6 with a compound 16 to obtain a compound 11 in the presence of a more ideal catalyst; 3) protecting the compound 11 to obtain a compound 12; 4) carrying out selective de-protection on the compound 12 to obtain a compound 13; 5) attacking the compound 13 which has only one position which can be attacked by a compound 17 to obtain a very pure compound 14; and 6) removing protecting groups, thus obtaining the PCI-32765. By the method, tyrosine kinase which serves as a main receptor signal of B cells can be inhibited, and the tyrosine kinase inhibitor PCI-32765 is not only capable of inhabiting the generation of hemocyte with little toxicity and side effects, but also is moderate in reaction conditions, simple to operate, convenient to purify, low in cost, environment-friendly, and suitable for large scale production.

Embodiments of the present invention overcome the well-known recalcitrance of lignocellulosic biomass in an economically viable manner. A process and system are provided for the efficient fractionation of lignocellulosic biomass into cellulose, hemicellulose sugars, lignin, and acetic acid. The cellulose thus obtained is highly amorphous and can be readily converted into glucose using known methods. Fermentable hemicellulose sugars, low-molecular—weight lignin, and purified acetic acid are also major products of the process and system. The modest process conditions and low solvent/solid ratios of some embodiments of the invention imply relatively low capital and processing costs.

An automated in situ heat induced antigen recovery and staining method and apparatus for treating a plurality of microscope slides. The process of heat induced antigen recovery and the process of staining the biological sample on the microscope slide are conducted in the same apparatus, wherein the microscope slides do not need to by physically removed from one apparatus to another. Each treatment step occurs within the same reaction compartment. The reaction conditions of each reaction compartment for treating a slide can preferably be controlled independently, including the individualized application of reagents to each slide and the individualized treatment of each slide. The reagents are preferably held in a reagent dispensing strip similar to a “blister pack”.

The invention relates to a preparation method of a metal organic framework based composite phase-change material. The method comprises the steps that a metal organic framework material substrate is prepared selectively; hole diameter size design and hole channel polarity regulation and control are performed on the substrate according to the size and the kind of a core material, so that a phase-change core material to be loaded is matched better; the soluble phase-change core material is prepared into a solution; a metal organic framework material is dispersed in the prepared phase-change material solution; a phase-change material is adsorbed by utilizing an extra-large specific surface area and a nano hole channel structure of the metal organic framework material; drying is performed; and then the metal organic framework composite phase-change material with a shaping effect is obtained. According to the method, a novel metal organic framework based composite phase-change material is developed; the prepared metal organic framework based composite phase-change material can effectively avoid leakage and the like, and has the advantages of adjustable nano hole structure and wide core material selection range; the method is simple in technology and mild in reaction condition, and is suitable for scale production; and a raw material is cheap and easy to obtain.

The present invention relates to a method for preparing olefin comonomers from ethylene. The comonomer generated can be used in a subsequent process, such as a polyethylene polymerization reactor. The comonomer generated can be transported, optionally without isolation or storage, to a polyethylene polymerization reactor. One method includes the steps of: feeding ethylene and a catalyst in a solvent/diluent to one or more comonomer synthesis reactors; reacting the ethylene and the catalyst under reaction conditions sufficient to produce an effluent comprising a desired comonomer; forming a gas stream comprising unreacted ethylene, and a liquid/bottoms stream comprising the comonomer, optionally by passing the effluent to one or more downstream gas/liquid phase separators; and purifying at least a portion of said liquid/bottoms stream by removing at least one of solid polymer, catalyst, and undesirable olefins therefrom.

Described herein are methods of controlling metal nanowire morphologies by adjusting the reaction conditions of a polyol synthesis. In particular, by purging the reaction with an inert gas, batch-to-batch consistency can be achieved.

Application of spinel ferrite catalyst and a method for urging persulfate to generate free radicals to catalytically degrade organic matters relate to application of spinel ferrite catalyst and a method for degrading organic matters. The invention aims to solve the problems of high probabilities of oxygenolysis and breakage, low strength, impurity dissolution, low catalytic efficiency and difficulty in recovering in the existing catalyst as catalyst generated by sulfate free radicals and complex reaction system, rigor reaction conditions and higher cost in the existing activating technology. The spinel ferrite catalyst, as catalyst for urging the generation of persulfate free radicals, for urging persulfate or mono-persulfate to generate free radicals is applied; and the method comprises the following steps: the spinel ferrite catalyst is adopted as catalyst for urging the generation of persulfate free radicals to urge persulfate or mono-persulfate to generate free radicals; and then sulfuric acid free radicals are used for degrading the organic matters. The application and the method are mainly applied in catalytic degradation of the organic matters.

One aspect of the present invention relates to novel ligands for transition metals. A second aspect of the present invention relates to the use of catalysts comprising these ligands in transition metal-catalyzed carbon-heteroatom and carbon-carbon bond-forming reactions. The subject methods provide improvements in many features of the transition metal-catalyzed reactions, including the range of suitable substrates, reaction conditions, and efficiency.

The invention discloses a sulfide coated particle as well as a preparation method and an application thereof. The sulfide coated particle comprises a core and a shell coating the core, wherein the core is prepared from at least one of metal, oxide, metal hydroxide, metal inorganic salt, elemental carbon or oxysome thereof, carbide, nitride, semiconductor and organic matter; the shell is prepared from metal sulfide. The to-be-coated core is mixed with the metal salt, a reducing agent and a sulfur source with a liquid phase method, metal sulfide is precipitated to the particle surface through in-situ reduction, and uniform, continuous and controllable coating of the core surface with metal sulfide is realized. The coating method is simple, reaction conditions are mild, universality is high,a coating layer is controllable in thickness, complete and uniform, and the sulfide coated particle has quite broad practical application prospect in the fields of electrocatalysis, lithium ion batteries, biomedicine and the like.

A method for producing propylene and gasoline diesel-oil by two-section catalyzed cracking style is carried out by adopting two-section lift pipe catalyzing process and catalyst with molecular sieve, taking heavy petroleum hydrocarbon or various animal and vegetable oils containing hydrocarbon as raw materials, optimization combining by charging style for various reactants, and controlling proper reactive conditions. It can improve propene and light-oil recovery rate and quality, and inhibit to generate dry gas and coke.

The invention relates to a method for preparing nitrogen-doped graphene, in particular to a novel simple, convenient and scale method for preparing nitrogen-doped graphene at high temperature under the protection of inert gas by taking melamine as a nitrogen source. In the method, graphene oxide and the melamine are taken as raw materials, wherein the melamine is taken as the nitrogen source and the graphene oxide is taken as a carbon source; high temperature annealing is carried out in the atmosphere of inert gas, and the reduction of the graphene oxide and the nitrogen doping of graphene are realized; and by controlling reaction conditions such as temperature, time, the ratio of the raw materials and the like, graphene products with different nitrogen doping ratios can be prepared. The preparation method is simple and practicable; catalysts are not needed; the reaction process is easy to control; special requirements on equipment do not exist; the cost is low; and the method is easy to promote and use.

The invention discloses a graphene nano sheet/MoS2 composite nano material and a synthesis method thereof. The method comprises the following steps of: preparing a graphite oxide nano sheet from graphite by using a chemical oxidation method, then dissolving molybdate into deionized water to form a solution of 0.02 to 0.07M, and adding thioacetamide or thiourea serving as a sulfur source and a reducer, wherein the mass ratio of the thioacetamide or the thiourea to the molybdate is 5:1-12:1; and adding the graphite oxide nano sheet into the solution, performing ultrasonic treatment for 1 to 2 hours so that the graphite oxide nano sheet is fully dispersed in a hydrothermal reaction solution, transferring the mixture into a hydrothermal reaction kettle, sealing, reacting for 20 to 36 hours at the temperature of between 220 and 260 DEG C, and obtaining the graphene nano sheet/molybdenum disulfide composite nano material by one-step hydrothermal synthesis, wherein the mass ratio of the graphene nano sheet to the molybdenum disulfide in the composite material is 1:2-4:1. The method has the characteristics of mild reaction condition and simple process. The synthesized graphene nano sheet/molybdenum disulfide composite nano material serving as an electrochemical lithium storage and electrochemical magnesium storage electrode material has wide application.

The invention discloses a preparation method of a hydrophilic antimicrobial film of which the surface is coated with dopamine and polyethyleneimine cations. The preparation method comprises the following steps that a base film is prepared, the base film is immersed in a dopamine solution, a polydopamine layer is formed on the surface of the base film by dopamine auto-agglutination, and the polydopamine layer and a polyethyleneimine aqueous solution undergo a reaction so that the hydrophilic antimicrobial film is prepared by the cationization reaction. The preparation method is simple and easy and has mild reaction conditions. The prepared hydrophilic antimicrobial film has excellent hydrophilicity and antibacterial properties, reduces adherence of microbes such as organic matters and bacteria, has a bacterium killing capability and prolongs a film service life.

Disclosed is a process for the synthesis of 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene that comprises, in one preferred embodiment, providing a compound of the formula CF₃CH₂CHFX, wherein X is a selected from the group consisting of chlorine, bromine and iodine, and exposing said compound to reaction conditions effective to convert said compound to 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene. Other processes for forming 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene are also disclosed.

The invention discloses a method for preparing graphene modified by a silane coupling agent. The method includes adding graphite oxide and the silane coupling agent into reaction solvent, controlling the temperature to range from 0 DEG C to 90 DEG C, realizing stirred reaction for 0.1 to 72 hours and obtaining graphite oxide grafted with the silane coupling agent; adding the graphite oxide grafted with the silane coupling agent into reduction solvent, adding a reducer into the reduction agent, controlling the temperature to range from 0 DEG C to 90 DEG C, realizing stirred reduction reaction for 0.1 to 72 hours and obtaining graphene liquor grafted with the silane coupling agent; and treating the graphene liquor grafted with the silane coupling agent and then obtaining solid graphene powder modified by the silane coupling agent. The mass ratio of the graphite oxide and the silane coupling agent is 1:0.1-5. The technological method is simple and speedy, requirements on reaction conditions are low, a process is easy to control, and the graphene modified by the silane coupling agent can be obtained without catalysts or multi-step complicated reaction. The graphene is fine in polymer compatibility and simple in preparation and can be widely applied to fields of preparation of graphene modified polymers and novel electrochemical electrodes and novel optical and conductive materials, raw materials are easily available, and a product has good dispersibility in partial organic solvent.

The invention related to a polyimide film with high visible light permeability, molecular structure formula of which is: (shown in figure). Preparation comprises steps of: dissolving primary diamine in a strongly polarnon-proton solvent, cooling the same by cold water to 5 DEG. C to 10 DEG. C, adding aromatic dianhydride, mixing, reacting 4h to 10h at 5 DEG. C to 10 DEG. C, acquiring homogeneous, transparent, sticky polyamic acid resin solution; wherein mol number of aromatic dianhydride is equal to that of primary diamine; adjusting viscosity of polyamic acid resin solution by N,N-dimethyl acetamide, forming film in a casting machine, heating to raise temperature, processing dehydration heat imidization, cooling, deciduating to acquire homogeneous and transparent polyimide thin film. The preparation method has mild reaction condition, sample to operate, low in cost and environmental friendly; mechanical property and thermal stability of the polyimide thin film are excellent with high visible light permeability reaching 94% and film thickness 50 micrometers.

The invention provides a method for preparing silver nanometer wire with controllable wire diameter by a cation control microwave method, aiming at solving the problems of rough wire diameter, low diameter ratio and the like during preparation of the silver nanometer wire by the traditional microwave method. The method comprises the following steps of: (1) adding a mixture of silver nitrate powder and a dispersing agent into ethylene glycol and preparing a solution reaction system containing silver ions; (2) adding a cation control agent in the solution reaction system containing silver ions and evenly stirring to obtain a reaction precursor; and (3) irradiating the reaction precursor under microwave, centrifuging, ultrasonically washing and drying the solution prepared through microwave irradiation to obtain the silver nanometer wire powder with controllable wire diameter. The invention has the advantages of simple preparation method, high efficiency and low cost and ensures that the high-quality silver nanometer wire can be prepared repeatedly within wide range of reaction condition. By using a soft template method, the size of the wire diameter is controlled by using the cation control agent without introducing any impurity.

The invention relates to a preparation method of a vanadium battery electrolyte solution with high purity and high concentration. The vanadium battery electrolyte solution is different from a traditional vanadium electrolyte solution with vanadium pentoxide as raw material; through the method, a qualified vanadium solution produced by a vanadium factory is adopted as raw material, steps of removing impurities, precipitating vanadium, reducing, extracting and removing oil are carried out, after carrying out processes of four-step impurity removal and one-step reduction, the impurities in the electrolyte solution are effectively removed, and the all-vanadium solution flow battery vanadyl sulfate electrolyte solution with high purity and high concentration and with the concentration of 1-4 M is obtained. The method adopts the initial vanadium solution as the raw material, has the advantages of low cost, simple preparing procedures, and mild reaction conditions, allows the obtained electrolyte solution product to have high purity, and is suitable for application in an all-vanadium solution flow battery.