46414 results about "Reaction conditions" patented technology

A process for producing hollow, single-walled carbon nanotubes by catalytic decomposition of one or more gaseous carbon compounds by first forming a gas phase mixture carbon feed stock gas comprising one or more gaseous carbon compounds, each having one to six carbon atoms and only H, O, N, S or Cl as hetero atoms, optionally admixed with hydrogen, and a gas phase metal containing compound which is unstable under reaction conditions for said decomposition, and which forms a metal containing catalyst which acts as a decomposition catalyst under reaction conditions; and then conducting said decomposition reaction under decomposition reaction conditions, thereby producing said nanotubes.

A method for fabricating a silicon oxide and silicon glass layers at low temperature using soft power-optimized Plasma-Activated CVD with a TEOS-ozone-oxygen reaction gas mixture (TEOS O3 / O2 PACVD) is described. It combines advantages of both low temperature Plasma-Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition (PECVD) and TEOS-ozone Sub-Atmospheric Chemical Vapor Deposition (SACVD) and yields a coating of silicon oxide with stable and high deposition rate, no surface sensitivity, good film properties, conformal step coverage and good gap-fill. Key features of the invention's O3 / O2 PACVD process are: a plasma is maintain throughout the entire deposition step in a parallel plate type reactor chamber, the precise RF plasma density, ozone concentration in oxygen and the deposition temperature. These features provide the reaction conditions for the proper O3 / O2 reaction mechanism that deposits a conformal silicon oxide layer. The process has significant implication for semiconductor device manufacturing involving the deposition of a dielectric over a conducting non-planar surface.

Methods are disclosed for producing libraries of nucleic acid molecules which libraries are derived from a nucleic acid template. The libraries comprise variant nucleic acids which are produced from a mutagenesis strategy using, e.g., a plurality of defined mutagenic and / or non-mutagenic primers and specific reaction conditions which favor the production of varied combinatorial mutants.

Disclosed in one embodiment is a process for the synthesis of 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene that comprises (a) reacting a compound of formula (I) X1X2 with a compound of formula (II) CF3CH═CH2 to produce a reaction product comprising a compound of formula (III) CF3CHX1CH2X2, wherein X1 and X2 are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, chlorine, bromine and iodine, provided that X1 and X2 are not both hydrogen; (b) when X2 in formula (III) is not fluorine, fluorinating the compound of formula (III) to produce a reaction product comprising a compound of formula (III) wherein X1 is as described above and X2 is fluorine; and (c) exposing said compound of formula (III) to reaction conditions effective to convert said compound to 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene.

A catalyst composition and process for the conversion of linear and / or branched paraffin hydrocarbons based on the use of an ionic liquid catalyst in combination with a Brønsted Acid, which provides a catalytic composition with an increased activity compared with said ionic liquid. Under suitable reaction conditions this conversion is leading to paraffin hydrocarbon fraction with higher octane number.

The present invention relates to methods and compositions providing optimized reaction conditions for nucleic acid amplification reactions and for methods and compositions that reduce contamination of amplification reactions during set up.

The invention discloses alumina-coated granules, as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The alumina-coated granules consist of cores and shells which coat the cores. The cores are made of at least one of materials of metals, oxides, metal hydroxides, metal inorganic salts, non-metals, carbides, nitrides, lithium salts, semiconductors and organic compounds; the shell is made of Al2O3. By adopting a liquid phase method, the cores to be coated are mixed with aluminum salts, metal aluminum is precipitated by producing an alkaline environment in situ or externally adding alkaline, so that uniform, continuous and controllable coating can be formed on the surfaces of the cores. The coating method provided by the invention is simple, and has mild conditions and high universality; the coating layer has controllable thickness, completeness and uniformity; the alumina-coated granules has high practicability and a great application prospect in the field of catalysis, lithium ion batteries, surface-enhanced Raman, biomedicine and the like.

Systems and processes for producing hydrogen using bacteria are described. One detailed process for producing hydrogen uses a system for producing hydrogen as described herein, the system including a reactor. Anodophilic bacteria are disposed within the interior of the reactor and an organic material oxidizable by an oxidizing activity of the anodophilic bacteriais introduced and incubated under oxidizing reactions conditions such that electrons are produced and transferred to the anode. A power source is activated to increase a potential between the anode and the cathode, such that electrons and protons combine to produce hydrogen gas. One system for producing hydrogen includes a reaction chamber having a wall defining an interior of the reactor and an exterior of the reaction chamber. An anode is provided which is at least partially contained within the interior of the reaction chamber and a cathode is also provided which is at least partially contained within the interior of the reaction chamber. The cathode is spaced apart at a distance in the range between 0.1-100 centimeters, inclusive, from the anode. A conductive conduit for electrons is provided which is in electrical communication with the anode and the cathode and a power source for enhancing an electrical potential between the anode and cathode is included which is in electrical communication at least with the cathode. A first channel defining a passage from the exterior of the reaction chamber to the interior of the reaction chamber is also included.

Processes for the conversion of hydrocarbons boiling in the temperature range of from about 80° F. to about 1000° F. to diesel boiling range hydrocarbons, and processes for increasing the cetane number and amount of n-C17 hydrocarbon products in such processes. Diesel boiling range hydrocarbons may be produced by contacting a hydrocarbon boiling in the above-mentioned boiling range with a triglyceride-containing compound to form a mixture, and then contacting the mixture with a hydrotreating catalyst under suitable reaction conditions.

The invention relates to a hyaluronan and biodegradable high polymer modified material and a preparation method, in particular to a method for complex crosslinking and grafting of the hyaluronan and a derivative thereof with a biodegradable high polymer with active functional groups through a crosslinking agent. The method comprises the steps of taking the hyaluronan and the biodegradable high polymer as raw materials, conducting complex crosslinking or grafting reaction of a hyaluronan aqueous solution and at least one biodegradable high polymer solution with the presence of the crosslinking agent, and removing a solvent. According to the method, plural gel, an amphiphilic polymer, a graft polymer, a star polymer and a microsphere can be prepared. The method has the advantages that the reaction condition is simple, the utilization ratio of the crosslinking agent is high, the residual quantity of the crosslinking agent is small, and the gel is higher in thermostability and good in biological compatibility. The method is applicable to the fields of cosmetics, tissue filling and repair, biological stents, ophthalmonogy, sustained-release delivery and targeted drug delivery and the like, and has a wider application prospect.

Salen complexes were found to be excellent catalysts for the reaction of terminal epoxides with CO2 when used in conjunction with a Lewis base cocatalyst (DMAP). This catalyst system cleanly affords the product cyclic carbonates in high yield under mild reaction conditions and is applicable to a variety of terminal epoxides.

The present invention provides for amplification of one or more polynucleotides by multi-staged linear amplifications using one or more RNA polymerases. At each stage RNA transcripts are accumulated at a linear rate, so that multiple stages provide for faster than linear transcript accumulation. In one aspect, the invention provides for polynucleotide amplification by ligating hairpin adaptors to an end of polynucleotides wherein the hairpin adaptors each contain a promoter sequence oriented so that transcription proceeds in the direction of the loop of the hairpin adaptor. Upon transcription through such loop region and to the complementary strand a replicate is made of the promoter sequence as well as the polynucleotide, thereby permitting exponential amplification upon reverse transcription, second strand synthesis, and repetition of the above cycle. Preferably such amplification is carried out under isothermal reaction conditions.

Processes for the conversion of hydrocarbons boiling in the temperature range of from about 80° F. to about 1000° F. to diesel boiling range hydrocarbons, and processes for increasing the cetane number and amount of n-C17 hydrocarbon products in such processes. Diesel boiling range hydrocarbons may be produced by contacting a hydrocarbon boiling in the above-mentioned boiling range with a triglyceride-containing compound to form a mixture, and then contacting the mixture with a hydrotreating catalyst under suitable reaction conditions.

The invention discloses a method to synthesize propylene oxide, which is characterized in that alcohol with low content of carbon, propylene and oxydol(mol ratio 1-15:0.5-5:1) are put into a reactor which is fed with catalyzer; the propylene and the oxydol react and produce propylene oxide, and the condition for the reaction includes: temperature 30-90 DEG C, pressure 0.5-4.5MPa, ph value of the solution 5,0-8.0, and airspeed of the solution 0.1-7h-1; wherein the temperature and ph value of the solution in the whole process are adjusted according to the conversion rate of the oxydol, and once the conversion rate of the oxydol drops to 88.5%, the ph value and the temperature of the solution are increased. The method is simple in process, mild in condition, the conversion rate of the oxydol is high and the propylene oxide is of selectivity; meanwhile, the life of the catalyzer is prolonged to over 1200h through the adjustment of the ph value and the temperature of the solution.

A process is provided to produce a concentrated aqueous peracid solution in situ using at least one enzyme having perhydrolase activity in the presence of hydrogen peroxide (at a concentration of at least 500 mM) under neutral to acidic reaction conditions from suitable carboxylic acid esters (including glycerides) and / or amides substrates. The concentrated peracid solution produced is sufficient for use in a variety of disinfection and / or bleaching applications.

A continuous gas fluidized bed polymerization process for the production of a polymer from a monomer including continuously passing a gaseous stream comprising the monomer through a fluidized bed reactor in the presence of a catalyst under reactive conditions; withdrawing a polymeric product and a stream comprising unreacted monomer gases; cooling said stream comprising unreacted monomer gases to form a mixture comprising a gas phase and a liquid phase and reintroducing said mixture into said reactor with sufficient additional monomer to replace that monomer polymerized and withdrawn as the product, wherein said liquid phase is vaporized, and wherein the stream comprises an induced condensing agent selected from the group consisting of alkanes, cycloalkanes, and mixtures thereof, the induced condensing agent having a normal boiling point less than 25° C.

The invention relates to a method for preparing shell-core structured medicament nano fiber by coaxial electrostatic spinning technology, comprising: (1) dissolving high molecular polymer and medicament in mass proportion of 60-99.9:0.1-40 in organic solvent with high volatility, and stirring until complete dissolution to obtain shell solution; (2) dissolving one or more than one of natural polymer, medicament, and bioactive factor in the solvent, or dissolving the same in super pure water under aseptic condition to obtain core solution; and (3) carrying out coaxial electrostatic spinning, setting the spinning voltage at 15-25kv, the reception distance at 8-20cm, the spinning pushing speed at 0.1-1.5mL / h, and the spinning nozzle as 0.9mm, to obtain the shell-core structured medicament nano fiber. The preparation method is simple in operation, mild in reaction condition, low in cost and favorable for economic benefit; in preparing the shell-core structured medicament nano fiber, two or more than two medicaments can be simultaneously loaded and released, thus meeting requirements of tissue regeneration or patients.

The invention discloses a method for synthesizing tyrosine kinase inhibitor PCI-32765. The method comprises the following steps of: 1) carrying out a coupled reaction between a compound 10 and a compound 15 to obtain a compound 6; 2) reacting the compound 6 with a compound 16 to obtain a compound 11 in the presence of a more ideal catalyst; 3) protecting the compound 11 to obtain a compound 12; 4) carrying out selective de-protection on the compound 12 to obtain a compound 13; 5) attacking the compound 13 which has only one position which can be attacked by a compound 17 to obtain a very pure compound 14; and 6) removing protecting groups, thus obtaining the PCI-32765. By the method, tyrosine kinase which serves as a main receptor signal of B cells can be inhibited, and the tyrosine kinase inhibitor PCI-32765 is not only capable of inhabiting the generation of hemocyte with little toxicity and side effects, but also is moderate in reaction conditions, simple to operate, convenient to purify, low in cost, environment-friendly, and suitable for large scale production.

Embodiments of the present invention overcome the well-known recalcitrance of lignocellulosic biomass in an economically viable manner. A process and system are provided for the efficient fractionation of lignocellulosic biomass into cellulose, hemicellulose sugars, lignin, and acetic acid. The cellulose thus obtained is highly amorphous and can be readily converted into glucose using known methods. Fermentable hemicellulose sugars, low-molecular—weight lignin, and purified acetic acid are also major products of the process and system. The modest process conditions and low solvent / solid ratios of some embodiments of the invention imply relatively low capital and processing costs.

Disclosed is a process for the synthesis of fluorinated olefins, and in particularly preferred embodiments tetrafluorinated olefins having F on an unsaturated, non-terminal carbon, such as 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene. The preferred processes of the present invention in accordance with one embodiment generally comprise:(a) reacting a compound of formula (I)X1X2  (I)with a compound of formula (II)CX1X2X3CX1═CX1X2  (II)to produce a reaction product comprising a compound of formula (III)CF3CHX1CH2X2  (III), and(b) exposing said compound of formula (III) to reaction conditions effective to convert said compound of formula (III) to a compound of formula (IV)CF3CZ=CH2  (IV)wherein X1, X2, and X3 are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, chlorine, bromine, fluorine and iodine, provided that X1 and X2 in formula (I) are not both hydrogen and Z is Cl, I, Br, or F.

An automated in situ heat induced antigen recovery and staining method and apparatus for treating a plurality of microscope slides. The process of heat induced antigen recovery and the process of staining the biological sample on the microscope slide are conducted in the same apparatus, wherein the microscope slides do not need to by physically removed from one apparatus to another. Each treatment step occurs within the same reaction compartment. The reaction conditions of each reaction compartment for treating a slide can preferably be controlled independently, including the individualized application of reagents to each slide and the individualized treatment of each slide. The reagents are preferably held in a reagent dispensing strip similar to a “blister pack”.

The invention relates to a preparation method of a metal organic framework based composite phase-change material. The method comprises the steps that a metal organic framework material substrate is prepared selectively; hole diameter size design and hole channel polarity regulation and control are performed on the substrate according to the size and the kind of a core material, so that a phase-change core material to be loaded is matched better; the soluble phase-change core material is prepared into a solution; a metal organic framework material is dispersed in the prepared phase-change material solution; a phase-change material is adsorbed by utilizing an extra-large specific surface area and a nano hole channel structure of the metal organic framework material; drying is performed; and then the metal organic framework composite phase-change material with a shaping effect is obtained. According to the method, a novel metal organic framework based composite phase-change material is developed; the prepared metal organic framework based composite phase-change material can effectively avoid leakage and the like, and has the advantages of adjustable nano hole structure and wide core material selection range; the method is simple in technology and mild in reaction condition, and is suitable for scale production; and a raw material is cheap and easy to obtain.

The invention discloses a preparation method of a graphene dispersion liquid. The preparation method of the graphene dispersion liquid comprises the following steps: placing an expanded graphite compacted electrode and a metallic or non-metallic electrode material in an electrolyte solution as an anode and a cathode respectively, and applying a voltage of 1-20V and / or a current having a density of 1-200mA / cm<2> between the anode and the cathode for carrying out an electrochemical reaction for 1-120min; and washing an anode product obtained after the electrochemical reaction, adding to a dispersant, and carrying out ultrasonic or / and mechanical stirring dispersion to obtain the graphene dispersion liquid. The invention also discloses a preparation method of a graphene film. The graphene dispersion liquid forms the graphene film on a substrate in a filter film forming mode or a coating film forming mode or a natural deposition mode. The preparation methods have the advantages of simple process, easy operation, high controllability, low cost and mild reaction condition, and are suitable for the industrialized large-scale production.

An improved dehydrogenation catalyst bed system for olefin production utilizing classical processing techniques is disclosed. The catalyst bed system comprises a dehydrogenation catalyst comprising an active component selected from an oxide of a metal of Group 4 or Group 5 or Group 6 and combinations thereof and a support selected from aluminum oxide, aluminas, alumina monohydrate, alumina trihydrate, alumina-silica, transition aluminas, alpha-alumina, silica, silicate, aluminates, calcined hydrotalcites, zeolites and combinations thereof mixed with a first inert material selected from any material that is catalytically inactive when subjected to reaction conditions that can effect dehydrogenation of olefins and that has a high density and high heat capacity and that is not capable of producing heat during any stage of the dehydrogenation process, and the dehydrogenation catalyst plus the first inert material then being physically mixed with a secondary component comprising a heat-generating inert material and a carrier capable of supporting the heat-generating inert material, wherein the secondary component is catalytically inert with respect to dehydrogenation reactions or to cracking or to coking and generates heat after being exposed to reducing and / or to oxidizing reaction conditions.

The present invention concerns a method for the quantification of a target nucleic acid in a sample comprising the following steps: (i) determination of the amplification efficiency of the target nucleic acid under defined amplification conditions, (ii) amplification of the target nucleic acid contained in the sample under the same defined reaction conditions, (iii) measuring the amplification in real-time, (iv) quantification of the original amount of target nucleic acid in the sample by correction of the original amount derived from step (iii) with the aid of the determined amplification efficiency. The efficiency correction of PCR reactions according to the invention for the quantification of nucleic acids can be used for absolute quantification with the aid of an external or internal standard as well as for relative quantification compared to the expression of housekeeping genes.

One aspect of the present invention relates to ligands for transition metals. A second aspect of the present invention relates to the use of catalysts comprising these ligands in transition metal-catalyzed carbon-heteroatom and carbon-carbon bond-forming reactions. The subject methods provide improvements in many features of the transition metal-catalyzed reactions, including the range of suitable substrates, reaction conditions, and efficiency.

A method for removing defects at high pressure and high temperature (HP / HT) or for relieving strain in a non-diamond crystal commences by providing a crystal, which contains defects, and a pressure medium. The crystal and the pressure medium are disposed in a high pressure cell and placed in a high pressure apparatus, for processing under reaction conditions of sufficiently high pressure and high temperature for a time adequate for one or more of removing defects or relieving strain in the single crystal.

The invention relates to methods and compositions for detecting a target nucleic acid. The methods include subjecting a target, template, cleavage agent, polymerase and first, second and third oligonucleotide to reaction conditions that permit: (1) formation of a duplex between the target and first oligonucleotide; (2) extension of the first oligonucleotide; (3) cleavage of a first cleavage structure; (4) formation of a second duplex with a released flap; (5) extension of the released flap and (6) cleavage of a second cleavage structure within the third oligonucleotide. A signal generated by the release of the third oligonucleotide produces a signal that is detected and indicative of the presence of the target in the sample.

The invention relates to an alicyclic-containing polyimide film. The molecular structure general formula of the film is the right formula, wherein, -CA- is a bivalence connection group of an alicyclic dibasic primary amine, -Ar- is a bivalence connection group of an aromatic dibasic primary amine, and -R- is a bivalence connection group of an aromatic dibasic estolide. The preparation thereof includes: the alicyclic dibasic primary amine and the aromatic dibasic primary amine are dissolved in non-proton organic solvent with strong polarity, the aromatic dibasic estolide is added, the non-proton organic solvent with strong polarity is used for regulating the viscosity of the alicyclic-containing polyamic acid resin solution after reaction for 1-3 hours, forming is carried out in a curtain coating machine, and dehydration fever imidization, cooling and demoulding are carried out so as to obtain the film. The preparation method has mild reaction condition and low cost and is environmentally friendly; and meanwhile, the alicyclic-containing polyimide film has excellent mechanic property and heat resistant property and low water absorption, and the visible light transmission thereof is as high as more than 97%. The film has good application prospect in the fields of optical waveguide material, photorefractive material and photoelectric material in optical communication field and direct action membrane material in the liquid crystal display field and the like.