39001results about How to "High selectivity" patented technology

A process for the selective production of ethanol by vapor phase reaction of acetic acid over a hydrogenating catalyst composition to form ethanol is disclosed and claimed. In an embodiment of this invention reaction of acetic acid and hydrogen over either cobalt and palladium supported on graphite or cobalt and platinum supported on silica selectively produces ethanol in a vapor phase at a temperature of about 250° C.

A process for the selective production of ethylene by vapor phase reaction of acetic acid over a hydrogenating catalyst composition to form ethylene in a single reaction zone is disclosed and claimed. In an embodiment of this invention reaction of acetic acid and hydrogen over either a copper supported on iron oxide, copper-aluminum catalyst, cobalt supported on H-ZSM-5, ruthenium-cobalt supported on silica or cobalt supported on carbon selectively produces ethylene in a vapor phase at a temperature in the range of about 250° C. to 350° C.

This invention relates to a process for transforming methanol to aromatic hydrocarbons, comprising: use methanol as raw material, with modified ZSM-5 molecular sieve as catalyst, under conditions of operation pressure 0.1-5.0Mpa, operation temperature 300-460Deg C, raw material liquid air speed 0.1-6.0h-1, transformed to products with aromatic hydrocarbons as main components; separate the gas-phase products lower carbon hydrocarbons from the liquid-phase C5+ hydrocarbons by cooling separation; the liquid-phase C5+ hydrocarbons then can be separated to be aromatic hydrocarbons and non-aromatic hydrocarbons by extracting separation. This invention is characterized of high total selectivity of aromatic hydrocarbons and flexible process operation.

A process for selective formation of ethanol from acetic acid includes contacting a feed stream containing acetic acid and hydrogen at an elevated temperature with catalyst comprising platinum and tin on a high surface area silica promoted with calcium metasilicate. Selectivities to ethanol of over 85% are achieved at 280° C. with catalyst life in the hundreds of hours.

Wirings mainly containing copper are formed on an insulating film on a substrate. Then, after forming insulating films for reservoir pattern and a barrier insulating film, an insulating film for suppressing or preventing diffusion of copper is formed on upper and side surfaces of the wirings, the insulating film on the substrate, and the barrier insulating film. Here, thickness of the insulating film for suppressing or preventing diffusion of copper at the bottom of a narrow inter-wiring space is made smaller than that on the wirings, thereby efficiently reducing wiring capacitance of narrow-line pitches. Then, first and second low dielectric constant insulating films are formed. Here, a deposition rate of the first insulating film at an upper portion of the side surfaces of facing wirings is made higher than that at a lower portion thereof, thereby forming air gaps. Finally, the second insulating film is planarized by interlayer CMP.

A flat interface nerve electrode is provided along with a method for its use. The electrode provides a plurality of conductive elements embedded in a non-conductive cuff structure, which acts to gently and non-evasively redefine the geometry of a nerve through the application of a force so as to apply pressure to a nerve in a defined range, namely from 2 to 40 mmHG and more preferably from 15 to 30 mmHG and most preferably from 15 mmHG to 20 MMHG. This range is selected to minimize the reduction of blood flow within the tissue, which preferably is at least 70% of the initial value, more preferably 90% of the initial value. The cuff has an opening, which is elongated relative to the diameter of the nerve to which it is applied. Preferably, the cuff is constructed from an elastic bio-compatible material having top and bottom beam members configured to define a nerve opening. The cuff is open at one side and has a connection at the other side which results in a spring force being applied through the surfaces of the nerve opening to the subject nerve. During implantation the open sides of the cuff are closed so as to capture the nerve in the cuff. As the nerve is reshaped, specific nerve axons become more easily addressed through the epineurium by the embedded conductive elements.

A method of suppressing the etch rate for exposed silicon-and-nitrogen-containing material on patterned heterogeneous structures is described and includes a two stage remote plasma etch. The etch selectivity of silicon relative to silicon nitride and other silicon-and-nitrogen-containing material is increased using the method. The first stage of the remote plasma etch reacts plasma effluents with the patterned heterogeneous structures to form protective solid by-product on the silicon-and-nitrogen-containing material. The plasma effluents of the first stage are formed from a remote plasma of a combination of precursors, including nitrogen trifluoride and hydrogen (H₂). The second stage of the remote plasma etch also reacts plasma effluents with the patterned heterogeneous structures to selectively remove material which lacks the protective solid by-product. The plasma effluents of the second stage are formed from a remote plasma of a fluorine-containing precursor.

A method of suppressing the etch rate for exposed silicon-and-oxygen-containing material on patterned heterogeneous structures is described and includes a two stage remote plasma etch. Examples of materials whose selectivity is increased using this technique include silicon nitride and silicon. The first stage of the remote plasma etch reacts plasma effluents with the patterned heterogeneous structures to form protective solid by-product on the silicon-and-oxygen-containing material. The plasma effluents of the first stage are formed from a remote plasma of a combination of precursors, including a nitrogen-containing precursor and a hydrogen-containing precursor. The second stage of the remote plasma etch also reacts plasma effluents with the patterned heterogeneous structures to selectively remove material which lacks the protective solid by-product. The plasma effluents of the second stage are formed from a remote plasma of a fluorine-containing precursor.

An herbicide composition comprising a PSI inhibitor and a salicylate or another SAR inducer and methods of use for said composition is disclosed.

Methods for hydrogenolysis are described which use a Re-containing multimetallic catalyst for hydrogenolysis of both C—O and C—C bonds. Methods and compositions for reactions of hydrogen over a Re-containing catalyst with compositions containing a 6-carbon sugar, sugar alcohol, or glycerol are described. It has been surprisingly discovered that reaction with hydrogen over a Re-containing multimetallic catalyst resulted in superior conversion and selectivity to desired products such as propylene glycol.

The invention relates to a system and a process for preparing aromatic hydrocarbon by converting methanol or dimethyl ether and belongs to the technical field of aromatic hydrocarbon production. The methanol or the dimethyl ether serving as a raw material firstly reacts in an aromatization reactor; a reaction product is separated; H2, methane, mixed C8 aromatic hydrocarbon and partial C9s + hydrocarbons serving as products are output from the system; and C2+ non-aromatic hydrocarbon and aromatic hydrocarbons except the mixed C8 aromatic hydrocarbon and the partial C9s + hydrocarbons are take as a circular material flow and return to corresponding reactors for further aromatization reaction. By separating and recycling the product obtained in the process of aromizing the methanol or the dimethyl ether, the system and the process improve the yield and selectivity of the aromatic hydrocarbon; and moreover, the process is flexible, and target products can be changed according to market demands.