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8849 results about "Ray" patented technology

In optics a ray is an idealized model of light, obtained by choosing a line that is perpendicular to the wavefronts of the actual light, and that points in the direction of energy flow. Rays are used to model the propagation of light through an optical system, by dividing the real light field up into discrete rays that can be computationally propagated through the system by the techniques of ray tracing. This allows even very complex optical systems to be analyzed mathematically or simulated by computer. Ray tracing uses approximate solutions to Maxwell's equations that are valid as long as the light waves propagate through and around objects whose dimensions are much greater than the light's wavelength. Ray theory (geometrical optics) does not describe phenomena such as interference and diffraction, which require wave theory (involving the relative phase of the rays).

Projection optical system and method for photolithography and exposure apparatus and method using same

InactiveUS20050248856A1Large image-sideWide effective image forming areaSemiconductor/solid-state device manufacturingMicroscopesWide fieldProjection system
Optical Projection System and Method for Photolithography. A lithographic immersion projection system and method for projecting an image at high resolution over a wide field of view. The projection system and method include a final lens which decreases the marginal ray angle of the optical path before light passes into the immersion liquid to impinge on the image plane.
Owner:NIKON CORP

Polymers for photoresist and photoresist compositions using the same

InactiveUS6987155B2Improve the immunityExcellent etching resistance and adhesiveness and photosensitivityElectric discharge tubesPhotomechanical exposure apparatusResistX-ray
The present invention relates to photoresist monomers, polymers formed therefrom and photoresist compositions suitable for photolithography processes employing a DUV light source, such as KrF (249 nm) and ArF(193 nm); EUV; VUV; E-beam; ion-beam; and X-ray. Photoresist monomers of the present invention are represented by the following Chemical Formula 1: wherein, m is 1 or 2.Polymers of the present invention comprise repeating units derived from the comonomer of Chemical Formula 1, preferably together with monomers of the following Chemical Formula 2: wherein,R* is an acid-labile group, andl is 1 or 2.
Owner:HYUNDAI ELECTRONICS IND CO LTD

Cantilevered gantry apparatus for x-ray imaging

An x-ray scanning imaging apparatus with a rotatably fixed generally O-shaped gantry ring, which is connected on one end of the ring to support structure, such as a mobile cart, ceiling, floor, wall, or patient table, in a cantilevered fashion. The circular gantry housing remains rotatably fixed and carries an x-ray image-scanning device that can be rotated inside the gantry around the object being imaged either continuously or in a step-wise fashion. The ring can be connected rigidly to the support, or can be connected to the support via a ring positioning unit that is able to translate or tilt the gantry relative to the support on one or more axes. Multiple other embodiments exist in which the gantry housing is connected on one end only to the floor, wall, or ceiling. The x-ray device is particularly useful for two-dimensional multi-planar x-ray imaging and / or three-dimensional computed tomography (CT) imaging applications
Owner:MEDTRONIC NAVIGATION INC

Illumination system particularly for microlithography

The invention concerns an illumination system, particularly for microlithography with wavelengths <=193 nm, comprising a light source, a first optical component, a second optical component, an image plane and an exit pupil. The first optical component transforms the light source into a plurality of secondary light sources being imaged by the second optical component in said exit pupil. The first optical component comprises a first optical element having a plurality of first raster elements, which are imaged into said image plane producing a plurality of images being superimposed at least partially on a field in said image plane. The first raster elements deflect incoming ray bundles with first deflection angles, wherein at least two of the first deflection angles are different. The first raster elements are preferably rectangular, wherein the field is a segment of an annulus. To transform the rectangular images of the first raster elements into the segment of the annulus, the second optical component comprises a first field mirror for shaping the field to the segment of the annulus.
Owner:CARL-ZEISS-STIFTUNG TRADING AS CARL ZEISS

System for taking wide-field beam-eye-view (BEV) x-ray-images simultaneously to the proton therapy delivery

A system for an intensity-modulated proton therapy of a predetermined target volume within an object includes a proton source to generate a proton beam, a number of proton beam forming units and a beam nozzle having an outlet for the proton beam to penetrate the predetermined target volume of the object, thereby defining a cross sectional scanning exit area. The system includes further a beam bending magnet disposed upstream of the nozzle, and an x-ray tube and an x-ray imager. The x-ray tube is associated with an irradiation channel within the beam bending magnet, wherein the irradiation channel is oriented along the prolongation of the nominal proton beam direction thereby delivering the x-ray beam along the proton beam direction.
Owner:PAUL SCHERRER INSTITUT

Tetrahedron beam computed tomography

A method of imaging an object that includes directing a plurality of x-ray beams in a fan-shaped form towards an object, detecting x-rays that pass through the object due to the directing a plurality of x-ray beams and generating a plurality of imaging data regarding the object from the detected x-rays. The method further includes forming either a three-dimensional cone-beam computed tomography, digital tomosynthesis or Megavoltage image from the plurality of imaging data and displaying the image.
Owner:WILLIAM BEAUMONT HOSPITAL

Device and arrangement for producing a three-dimensional object

A device for manufacturing a three-dimensional product, which device comprises a work table on which said three-dimensional product is to be built, a powder dispenser which is arranged to lay down a thin layer of powder on the work table for the formation of a powder bed, a ray gun for giving off energy to the powder whereby fusion of the powder takes place, members for controlling of the beam released by the ray gun across said powder bed for the formation of a cross section of said three-dimensional product through fusion of parts of said powder bed, and a controlling computer in which information about successive cross sections of the three-dimensional product is stored, which cross sections build the three-dimensional product, the controlling computer intended to control said members for guiding the ray gun across the powder bed according to a running schedule forming a cross section of said three-dimensional body, whereby said three-dimensional product is formed by successive fusion of successively formed cross sections from powder layers successively laid down by the powder dispenser.
Owner:ARCAM AB

Systems and methods for phase measurements

Preferred embodiments of the present invention are directed to systems for phase measurement which address the problem of phase noise using combinations of a number of strategies including, but not limited to, common-path interferometry, phase referencing, active stabilization and differential measurement. Embodiment are directed to optical devices for imaging small biological objects with light. These embodiments can be applied to the fields of, for example, cellular physiology and neuroscience. These preferred embodiments are based on principles of phase measurements and imaging technologies. The scientific motivation for using phase measurements and imaging technologies is derived from, for example, cellular biology at the sub-micron level which can include, without limitation, imaging origins of dysplasia, cellular communication, neuronal transmission and implementation of the genetic code. The structure and dynamics of sub-cellular constituents cannot be currently studied in their native state using the existing methods and technologies including, for example, x-ray and neutron scattering. In contrast, light based techniques with nanometer resolution enable the cellular machinery to be studied in its native state. Thus, preferred embodiments of the present invention include systems based on principles of interferometry and / or phase measurements and are used to study cellular physiology. These systems include principles of low coherence interferometry (LCI) using optical interferometers to measure phase, or light scattering spectroscopy (LSS) wherein interference within the cellular components themselves is used, or in the alternative the principles of LCI and LSS can be combined to result in systems of the present invention.
Owner:MASSACHUSETTS INST OF TECH

Multi-parameter X-ray computed tomography

The present invention relates to the field of x-ray imaging. More particularly, embodiments of the invention relate to methods, systems, and apparatus for imaging, which can be used in a wide range of applications, including medical imaging, security screening, and industrial non-destructive testing to name a few. Specifically provided as embodiments of the invention are systems for x-ray imaging comprising: a) a first collimator-and-detector assembly having a first operable configuration to provide at least one first dataset comprising primary x-ray signals as a majority component of its data capable of being presented as a first image of an object subjected to x-ray imaging; b) a second collimator-and-detector assembly having a second operable configuration or wherein the first collimator-and-detector assembly is adjustable to a second configuration to provide at least one second dataset comprising primary and dark-field x-ray signals as a majority component of its data capable of being presented as a second image of the object; and c) a computer operably coupled with the collimator-and-detector assemblies comprising a computer readable medium embedded with processing means for combining the first dataset and the second dataset to extract the dark-field x-ray signals and produce a target image having higher contrast quality than the images based on the first or second dataset alone. Such systems can be configured to comprise at least two collimator-and-detector assemblies or configurations differing with respect to collimator height, collimator aperture, imaging geometry, or distance between an object subjected to the imaging and the collimator-and-detector assembly.
Owner:VIRGINIA TECH INTPROP INC

Radiographic apparatus

One object of this invention is to provide radiography apparatus with suppressed exposure to a subject in tomography mode. An FPD provided in X-ray apparatus according to this invention converts X-rays into electric signals, and thereafter amplifies the signals to output them to an image generation section. According to this invention, an amplification factor is higher in a tomography mode than in a spot radiography mode. A tomographic image is obtained through superimposing two or more fluoroscopic image. In comparison of the fluoroscopic images, they differ from one another in appearance of the false image. Accordingly, superimposing the images may achieve cancel of the false images. In this way, the tomographic image finally obtained has no false image.
Owner:SHIMADZU CORP

Antireflective member, optical element, display device, method of making stamper and method of making antireflective member using the stamper

An antireflective member according to the present invention has an uneven surface pattern, in which unit structures are arranged in x and y directions at respective periods that are both shorter than the shortest wavelength of an incoming light ray, on the surface of a substrate and satisfies the following Inequality (1): Λ⁢ ⁢x,yλmin<1ni+ni·sin⁢ ⁢θ⁢ ⁢imax(1)where λmin is the shortest wavelength of the incoming light ray, θimax is the largest angle of incidence of the incoming light ray, ni is the refractive index of an incidence medium, Λx is the period of the uneven surface pattern in the x direction, and Λy is the period of the pattern in the y direction. As a result, diffraction of short-wave light components can be reduced in a broad wavelength range.
Owner:SHARP KK

Combining P and S rays for bright stereoscopic projection

A multiple path stereoscopic projection system is disclosed. The system comprises a polarizing splitting element configured to receive image light energy and split the image light energy received into a primary path and a secondary path, a reflector in the secondary path, and a polarization modulator or polarization modulator arrangement positioned in the primary path and configured to modulate the primary path of light energy. A polarization modulator may be included within the secondary path, a retarder may be used, and optional devices that may be successfully employed in the system include elements to substantially optically superimpose light energy transmission between paths and cleanup polarizers. The projection system can enhance the brightness of stereoscopic images perceived by a viewer. Static polarizer dual projection implementations free of polarization modulators are also provided.
Owner:REAID INC

X-ray imaging of baggage and personnel using arrays of discrete sources and multiple collimated beams

A system and methods are provided for imaging an object, based on activating an array of discrete X-ray sources in a prescribed temporal pattern so as to illuminate the object with a beam varying in spatial orientation, and detecting X-rays of the beam after interaction with the object and generating a detector signal. An image of the object may then be constructed on the basis of the time variation of the detector signal. The discrete X-ray sources may be moved during the course of inspection, moreover, the prescribed temporal pattern may constitute a Hadamard code. The discrete sources may be carbon nanotube x-ray sources.
Owner:AMERICAN SCI & ENG INC

Wide angle imaging directional backlights

An imaging directional backlight apparatus including a waveguide, a light source array, for providing large area directed illumination from localized light sources. The waveguide may include a stepped structure, in which the steps may further include extraction features optically hidden to guided light, propagating in a first forward direction. Returning light propagating in a second backward direction may be refracted, diffracted, or reflected by the features to provide discrete illumination beams exiting from the top surface of the waveguide. Viewing windows are formed through imaging individual light sources and hence defines the relative positions of system elements and ray paths. The uncorrected system creates non-illuminated void portions when viewed off-axis preventing uniform wide angle 2D illumination modes. The system may be corrected to remove this non uniformity at wide angles through the introduction of additional sources away from the system's object plane, additional imaging surfaces, and / or by altering ray paths.
Owner:REALD SPARK LLC

Automated method of and system for dimensioning objects transported through a work environment using contour tracing, vertice detection, corner point detection, and corner point reduction methods on two-dimensional range data maps captured by an amplitude modulated laser scanning beam

A fully automated package identification and measuring system, in which an omni-directional holographic scanning tunnel is used to read bar codes on packages entering the tunnel, while a package dimensioning subsystem is used to capture information about the package prior to entry into the tunnel. Mathematical models are created on a real-time basis for the geometry of the package and the position of the laser scanning beam used to read the bar code symbol thereon. The mathematical models are analyzed to determine if collected and queued package identification data is spatially and / or temporally correlated with package measurement data using vector-based ray-tracing methods, homogeneous transformations, and object-oriented decision logic so as to enable simultaneous tracking of multiple packages being transported through the scanning tunnel.
Owner:METROLOGIC INSTR

Ion beam therapy system and its couch positioning method

A therapy system using an ion beam, which can shorten the time required for positioning a couch (patient). The therapy system using the ion beam comprises a rotating gantry provided with an ion beam delivery unit including an X-ray tube. An X-ray detecting device having a plurality of X-ray detectors can be moved in the direction of a rotation axis of the rotating gantry. A couch on which a patient is lying is moved until a tumor substantially reaches an extension of an ion beam path in the irradiating unit. The X-ray tube is positioned on the ion beam path and the X-ray detecting device is positioned on the extension of the ion beam path. With rotation of the rotating gantry, both the X-ray tube emitting an X-ray and the X-ray detecting device revolve around the patient. The X-ray is emitted to the patient and detected by the X-ray detectors after penetrating the patient. Tomographic information of the patient is formed based on signals outputted from the X-ray detectors. Information for positioning the couch is generated by using the tomographic information.
Owner:BOARD OF RGT THE UNIV OF TEXAS SYST +1

X-Ray Inspection Trailer

An inspection system, and inspection methods, based upon an imaging enclosure characterized by an enclosing body. A source of penetrating radiation and a detector module are concealed entirely within the body of a conveyance such as a trailer. A characterizing value or an image is formed with respect to an inspected object that is disposed entirely outside the conveyance and the characterizing value or image is made available to a remotely disposed operator. Additional detectors may be disposed distally to the inspected object and may detect transmitted, or forward-scattered, penetrating radiation.
Owner:AMERICAN SCI & ENG INC

Device for performing and verifying a therapeutic treatment and corresponding computer program and control method

The invention relates to a device for performing and verifying therapeutic radiation. An x-ray beam (4) is arranged across from a target volume (3) of the beam source (11) for the high-energy beam (1) in such a way that the beams (1, 4) run in essentially opposite directions (5, 6). The invention also relates to a computer program and a control method for operating said device. The inventive device makes it possible to exactly verify areas (16, 16′, 16″) that are subjected to different levels of radiation, the entire anatomy of the target volume (3), and the surroundings thereof in addition to the contour of the therapy beam (1). The x-ray beam (4) detects the anatomy and position of the patient (21) within the range of the target volume (3) before the high-energy beam (1) is applied and the shape of the applied high-energy beam (1) is then detected and areas (16, 16′, 16″) that are subjected to different levels of radiation as well as at least one partial segment of the target volume (3) during the emission breaks of the high-energy beam (1). The detected data is used for correcting the treatment plan.
Owner:DEUTES KREBSFORSCHUNGSZENT STIFTUNG DES OFFENTLICHEN RECHTS

Automated method of and system for dimensioning objects over a conveyor belt structure by applying contouring tracing, vertice detection, corner point detection, and corner point reduction methods to two-dimensional range data maps of the space above the conveyor belt captured by an amplitude modulated laser scanning beam

A fully automated package identification and measuring system, in which an omni-directional holographic scanning tunnel is used to read bar codes on packages entering the tunnel, while a package dimensioning subsystem is used to capture information about the package prior to entry into the tunnel. Mathematical models are created on a real-time basis for the geometry of the package and the position of the laser scanning beam used to read the bar code symbol thereon. The mathematical models are analyzed to determine if collected and queued package identification data is spatially and / or temporally correlated with package measurement data using vector-based ray-tracing methods, homogeneous transformations, and object-oriented decision logic so as to enable simultaneous tracking of multiple packages being transported through the scanning tunnel.
Owner:METROLOGIC INSTR

Reduced Homography for Recovery of Pose Parameters of an Optical Apparatus producing Image Data with Structural Uncertainty

A reduced homography H for an optical apparatus to recover pose parameters from imaged space points Pi using an optical sensor. The electromagnetic radiation from the space points Pi is recorded on the optical sensor at measured image coordinates. A structural uncertainty introduced in the measured image points is determined and a reduced representation of the measured image points is selected based on the type of structural uncertainty. The reduced representation includes rays {circumflex over (r)}i defined in homogeneous coordinates and contained in a projective plane of the optical apparatus. At least one pose parameter of the optical apparatus is then estimated by applying the reduced homography H and by applying a condition on the motion of the optical apparatus, the condition being consonant with the reduced representation employed in the reduced homography H.
Owner:ELECTRONICS SCRIPTING PRODS

Ophthalmic lens synthesized from its specification

This invention relates to a novel prescription lens (58), mainly suited for ophthalmic applications. The lens designer defines the macroscopic surfaces of the lens (59, 60) as desired. The design process assumes that the location of the object (50), the lens (51), and the required image (53) are known. By using Ray-tracing technique we calculate the microscopic normals to the lens that will form the required image. From those microscopic normals we calculate microscopic surface by a process of summation the slopes with geometric pattern conditions. The final surface is not smooth but contains plenty of dense microscopic shapes that look like saw-teeth. That rough surface enables the lens to have almost any desired shape and thickness.
Owner:GIL THIEBERGER

Methods, systems, and computer program products for processing three-dimensional image data to render an image from a viewpoint within or beyond an occluding region of the image data

InactiveUS20090103793A1Good voxel resolutionSensitive to contrastCharacter and pattern recognition3D-image renderingVoxelViewpoints
Methods, systems, and computer program products for processing three-dimensional image data to render an image from a viewpoint within or beyond an occluding region of the image data are disclosed. According to one method, a set of three-dimensional image data is accessed. The image data includes image data for a surface of interest and image data for a region occluding the surface of interest from a desired viewpoint. The viewpoint may be within or beyond the occluding region. A plurality of rays is cast from the viewpoint to the surface. Along each ray, an occlusion determination is made independent from a volume rendering transfer function definition to render voxels within the occluding region as transparent or partially transparent. The volume rendering transfer function is applied along a portion of each ray outside of the occluding region to render voxels defining surface of interest as visible. The voxels that define the surface are displayed as visible. The voxels within the occluding region are shown in a transparent or partially transparent manner.
Owner:THE UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA AT CHAPEL HILL

Endoscopic objective optical system, and imaging system using the same

ActiveUS7280283B1Reduce in distortion and field curvatureLow distortionEndoscopesMicroscopesDistortionLenticular lens
The invention provides a wide-angle, low-cost endoscopic objective optical system that is reduced in terms of distortion and field curvature and composed only of spherical lenses, especially a video endoscopic objective optical system. The optical system comprises a first group G1 comprising a negative meniscus lens convex on an object side thereof, an aperture stop S, a second group G2 comprising a positive lens having a plane directed toward an object point side, a third group G3 including at least one concave refractive surface and having a positive refracting power as a whole, and a fourth group G4 comprising a cemented lens comprising a negative meniscus lens and a double-convex lens and having positive refracting power, so that an image is formed at an imaging device I via the first group G1 to the fourth group G4. A chief ray is reflected at the convex surface of the positive lens in the second group in a direction away from an optical axis.
Owner:OLYMPUS CORP

Methods and apparatus for practical 3D vision system

ActiveUS20070081714A1Facilitates finding patternsHigh match scoreCharacter and pattern recognitionCamera lensMachine vision
The invention provides inter alia methods and apparatus for determining the pose, e.g., position along x-, y- and z-axes, pitch, roll and yaw (or one or more characteristics of that pose) of an object in three dimensions by triangulation of data gleaned from multiple images of the object. Thus, for example, in one aspect, the invention provides a method for 3D machine vision in which, during a calibration step, multiple cameras disposed to acquire images of the object from different respective viewpoints are calibrated to discern a mapping function that identifies rays in 3D space emanating from each respective camera's lens that correspond to pixel locations in that camera's field of view. In a training step, functionality associated with the cameras is trained to recognize expected patterns in images to be acquired of the object. A runtime step triangulates locations in 3D space of one or more of those patterns from pixel-wise positions of those patterns in images of the object and from the mappings discerned during calibration step.
Owner:COGNEX TECH & INVESTMENT

Method for determining density distributions and atomic number distributions during radiographic examination methods

The functional dependency of a first X-ray absorption value of density and atomic number is determined in the instance of a first X-ray spectrum, and at least the functional dependency of a second X-ray absorption value of density and atomic number is determined in the instance of a second X-ray spectrum. Based on a recording of a first distribution of X-ray absorption values of the object to be examined in the instance of a first X-ray spectrum, and on a recording of at least one second distribution of X-ray absorption values of the object to be examined in the instance of a second X-ray spectrum, the values for density and atomic number are determined by comparing the functional dependency of a first X-ray absorption value of the first distribution of X-ray absorption values with the functional dependency(ies) of the X-ray absorption values, which are assigned to the first X-ray absorption value, of the second and / or other distributions of X-ray absorption values.
Owner:SIEMENS HEALTHCARE GMBH

Depth of Field Extension for Optical Tomography

An optical projection tomography system is illuminated with a light source. An object-containing tube, a portion of which is located within the region illuminated by the light source, contains an object of interest that has a feature of interest. A detector is located to receive emerging radiation from the object of interest. A lens, including optical field extension elements, is located in the optical path between the object region and the detector, such that light rays from multiple object planes in the object-containing tube simultaneously focus on the detector. The object-containing tube moves relatively to the detector and the lens operate to provide multiple views of the object region for producing an image of the feature of interest at each view.
Owner:VISIONGATE

X-ray inspection with contemporaneous and proximal transmission and backscatter imaging

An X-ray imaging inspection system for bags and packages. Transmission imaging is performed using a fan beam and a segmented detector, while scatter imaging is performed with a scanned pencil beam, with both beams active simultaneously. Cross-talk between the beams is mitigated by a combination of shielding, scatter detector design, positioning and orientation, and image processing. Image processing subtracts the measured radiation scattered from the transmission beam into the scatter detectors, reducing cross-talk.
Owner:AMERICAN SCI & ENG INC

Diffractive optical device and system

InactiveCN101263412AAddresses shortcomings of known configurationsSolve the shortcomings of the configurationPlanar/plate-like light guidesDiffraction gratingsTotal internal reflectionField of view
An optical relay device for transmitting light striking the optical relay device at a plurality of angles within a field-of-view is provided. The device comprises a light-transmissive substrate, an input optical element and an output optical element. The input element diffracts the light to propagate within the light-transmissive substrate via total internal reflection, and the output element diffracts the light out of the substrate. The output element is characterized by planar dimensions selected such that at least a portion of one or more outermost light rays within the field-of-view is directed to a two-dimensional region being at a predetermined distance from the substrate.
Owner:MIRAGE INNOVATIONS

Holographic display device

A holographic display comprising light sources (L51, L52, . . . ) in a 2D light source array, lenses (L1, L2, . . . ) in a 2D lens array, a spatial light modulator (SLM) and a beamsplitter, in which there are m light sources per lens, and the light sources are in m-to-one correspondence with the lenses. The beamsplitter splits the rays leaving the SLM into two bundles, one of which illuminates the virtual observer windows for m left eyes (VOWL) and the other illuminates the virtual observer windows for m right eyes (VOWR). In one example, m=1. An advantage is 2D-encoding with vertical and horizontal focusing and vertical and horizontal motion parallax.
Owner:SEEREAL TECHNOLOGIES

Apparatus and method for tracking feature's position in human body

A CT scanner for scanning a subject is provided, the scanner comprising: a gantry capable of rotating about a scanned subject; at least two cone beam X-Ray sources displaced from each other mounted on said gantry; at least one 2D detector array mounted on said gantry, said detector is capable of receiving radiation emitted by said at least two X-Ray sources and attenuated by the subject to be scanned; a first image processor capable of generating and displaying CT images of a volume within the subject; a second image processor capable of generating projection X-Ray images of said volume, wherein the images are responsive to X-Ray separately emitted by each of said at least two cone beam X-Ray sources; and a third image processor capable of generating and displaying fluoroscopic images composed of said projection X-Ray images, wherein said fluoroscopic images are spatially registered to said CT images.
Owner:ARINETA
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