24327 results about "Chromium" patented technology

A method for preparing 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-1-ene comprising (a) providing a starting composition comprising at least one compound having a structure selected from Formulae I, II and III:

CX₂═CCl—CH₂X  (Formula I)

CX₃—CCl═CH₂  (Formula II)

CX₃—CHCl—CH₂X  (Formula III)

• • wherein X is independently selected from F, Cl, Br, and I, provided that at least one X is not fluorine;

(b) contacting said starting composition with a first fluorinating agent to produce a first intermediate composition comprising 2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene and a first chlorine-containing byproduct; (c) contacting said first intermediate composition with a second fluorinating agent to produce a second intermediate composition comprising 2-chloro-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoropropane and a second chlorine-containing byproduct; and (d) catalytically dehydrochlorinating at least a portion of said 2-chloro-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoropropane to produce a reaction product comprising 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-1-ene.

A spin-torque transfer memory random access memory (STTMRAM) element includes a fixed layer formed on top of a substrate and a a tunnel layer formed upon the fixed layer and a composite free layer formed upon the tunnel barrier layer and made of an iron platinum alloy with at least one of X or Y material, X being from a group consisting of: boron (B), phosphorous (P), carbon (C), and nitride (N) and Y being from a group consisting of: tantalum (Ta), titanium (Ti), niobium (Nb), zirconium (Zr), tungsten (W), silicon (Si), copper (Cu), silver (Ag), aluminum (Al), chromium (Cr), tin (Sn), lead (Pb), antimony (Sb), hafnium (Hf) and bismuth (Bi), molybdenum (Mo) or rhodium (Ru), the magnetization direction of each of the composite free layer and fixed layer being substantially perpendicular to the plane of the substrate.

The present invention relates to compositions and methods for forming a bit body for an earth-boring bit. The bit body may comprise hard particles, wherein the hard particles comprise at least one carbide, nitride, boride, and oxide and solid solutions thereof, and a binder binding together the hard particles. The binder may comprise at least one metal selected from cobalt, nickel, and iron, and at least one melting point reducing constituent selected from a transition metal carbide in the range of 30 to 60 weight percent, boron up to 10 weight percent, silicon up to 20 weight percent, chromium up to 20 weight percent, and manganese up to 25 weight percent, wherein the weight percentages are based on the total weight of the binder. In addition, the hard particles may comprise at least one of (i) cast carbide (WC+W2C) particles, (ii) transition metal carbide particles selected from the carbides of titanium, chromium, vanadium, zirconium, hafnium, tantalum, molybdenum, niobium, and tungsten, and (iii) sintered cemented carbide particles.

Recombinant Factor VIII can be produced in relatively large quantities on a continuous basis from mammalian cells in the absence of any animal-derived proteins such as albumin by culturing the cells in a protein free medium supplemented with polyol copolymers, preferably in the presence of trace metals such as copper. In very preferred embodiments, the medium includes a polyglycol known as Pluronic F-68, copper sulfate, ferrous sulfate/EDTA complex, and salts of trace metals such as manganese, molybdenum, silicon, lithium and chromium. With an alternative medium which included trace copper ions alone (without polyol copolymers) we were also able to enhance the productivity of Factor VIII in recombinant cells such as BHK cells that are genetically engineered to express Factor VIII.

A stacked film patterning method is provided which is capable of reliably removing residual substances remaining after etching of a metal film, improving etching uniformity of a silicon film, and preventing an occurrence of etching residues. A micro-crystal film and a chromium film are sequentially formed on an insulating film serving as a front-end film and the chromium film is etched to be patterned by using a resist as a mask. Next, a micro-crystal silicon film on which the residual substances exist is exposed to plasma of a mixed gas including chlorine gas and oxygen gas to selectively etch the residual substances on a surface of the micro-crystal silicon film. After that, the micro-crystal silicon film is dry etched.

An austenoferritic stainless steel with high tensile elongation includes iron and the following elements in the indicated weight amounts based on total weight: carbon<0.04% 0.4%<silicon<1.2% 2%<manganese<4% 0.1%<nickel<1% 18%<chromium<22% 0.05%<copper<4% sulfur<0.03% phosphorus<0.1% 0.1%<nitrogen<0.3% molybdenum<3% the steel having a two-phase structure of austenite and ferrite and comprising between 30% and 70% of austenite, wherein Creq=Cr %+Mo %+1.5 Si % Nieq=Ni %+0.33 Cu %+0.5 Mn %+30 C %+30 N % and Creq/Nieq is from 2.3 to 2.75, and wherein IM=551-805(C+N)%-8.52 Si %-8.57 Mn %-12.51 Cr %-36 Ni %-34.5 Cu %-14 Mo %, IM being from 40 to 115.

A CF8C type stainless steel alloy and articles formed therefrom containing about 18.0 weight percent to about 22.0 weight percent chromium and 11.0 weight percent to about 14.0 weight percent nickel; from about 0.05 weight percent to about 0.15 weight percent carbon; from about 2.0 weight percent to about 10.0 weight percent manganese; and from about 0.3 weight percent to about 1.5 weight percent niobium. The present alloys further include less than 0.15 weight percent sulfur which provides high temperature strength both in the matrix and at the grain boundaries without reducing ductility due to cracking along boundaries with continuous or nearly-continuous carbides. The disclosed alloys also have increased nitrogen solubility thereby enhancing strength at all temperatures because nitride precipitates or nitrogen porosity during casting are not observed. The solubility of nitrogen is dramatically enhanced by the presence of manganese, which also retains or improves the solubility of carbon thereby providing additional solid solution strengthening due to the presence of manganese and nitrogen, and combined carbon.

An object to be processed has a chromium-based thin film made of a material containing chromium. The thin film is etched using a resist pattern as a mask. The thin film is etched by the use of a chemical species produced by preparing a dry etching gas containing a halogen-containing gas and an oxygen-containing gas and supplying a plasma excitation power to the dry etching gas to thereby excite plasma. The thin film is etched using, as the plasma excitation power, a power lower than a plasma excitation power at which plasma density jump occurs.

The invention discloses a low-carbon alkane dehydrogenation catalyst and a preparation method thereof. The catalyst is prepared from chromium serving as an active metal ingredient, alkali metal serving as an auxiliary catalytic ingredient and chromium-containing aluminum oxide serving as a carrier, wherein the weight content of the chromium oxide in the carrier is 2.0 to 15.0 percent. In the method, the active metal ingredient, namely chromium, is introduced into the aluminum oxide carrier by partially using a kneading method and partially using an immersion method; pseudo-boehmite mixed with chromium is processed by adopting a three-step roasting method and a hydrothermal method; and thus, the porous structure and the surface character of the carrier can be improved, the content and the distribution of the active metal chromium in the carrier and the mutual effect between the active metal and the aluminum oxide are further modulated, the activity and the stability of the catalyst are improved, the carbon depositing resistance of the catalyst is enhanced, and the service life of the catalyst is prolonged.

A process for selective formation of ethanol from acetic acid by hydrogenating acetic acid in the presence of first metal, a silicaceous support, and at least one support modifier. Preferably, the first metal is selected from the group consisting of copper, iron, cobalt, nickel, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, osmium, iridium, platinum, titanium, zinc, chromium, rhenium, molybdenum, and tungsten. In addition the catalyst may comprise a second metal preferably selected from the group consisting of copper, molybdenum, tin, chromium, iron, cobalt, vanadium, tungsten, palladium, platinum, lanthanum, cerium, manganese, ruthenium, rhenium, gold, and nickel.

An anti-fingerprint coating construction (23) for application to a surface of a substrate (21) includes a layer formed of a material selected from the group consisting of a hydrophobic nano-composite material, an oleophobic nano-composite material, and a super-amphiphobic nano-composite material. When the anti-fingerprint coating construction is employed on a metal surface or a nonmetal surface, sweat or/and grease on fingers of a user is not liable to be adhered to the surface. Therefore a fingerprint of the user is prevented from being imprinted on the surface, and the surface can remain clean and aesthetically pleasing. Because the anti-fingerprint coating construction is easy to clean, the anti-fingerprint coating construction has good anti-corrosion and antibacterial properties. The anti-fingerprint coating construction contains no chromium, and therefore does not need to be processed by an acid or alkali solution. This makes the anti-fingerprint coating construction environmentally friendly.

A reactive-separation process converts glycerin into lower alcohols, having boiling points less than 200° C., at high yields. Conversion of natural glycerin to propylene glycol through an acetol intermediate is achieved at temperatures from 150° to 250° C. at a pressure ranging from 1 and 25 bar. The preferred applications of the propylene glycol are as an antifreeze, deicing compound, or anti-icing compound. The preferred catalyst for this process in a copper-chromium powder.

Methods are described for converting carbohydrates including, e.g., monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides in ionic liquids to value-added chemicals including furans, useful as chemical intermediates and/or feedstocks. Fructose is converted to 5-hydroxylmethylfurfural (HMF) in the presence of metal halide and acid catalysts. Glucose is effectively converted to HMF in the presence of chromium chloride catalysts. Yields of up to about 70% are achieved with low levels of impurities such as levulinic acid.

The invention discloses a catalyst for preparing alcohol by acetic ester hydrogenation as well as a preparation method and an application thereof, which is characterized in that the main catalyst of the catalyst is copper or copper oxide or a mixture of the copper and the copper oxide, and the cocatalyst can be also added, wherein the cocatalyst is one or more of oxides of zinc, manganese, chromium, calcium, barium, iron, nickel and magnesium; and the carrier is alumina or silica sol. The catalyst has high activity and high selectivity under the condition of low temperature and low pressure, thus greatly reducing the investment cost of permanent plants, lowering production energy consumption, being extremely beneficial for the industrial production, and having good stability and long service life. The catalyst of the invention is used to cause percent conversion of a reaction of converting the acetic ester into the alcohol is more than or equal to 80% and the selectivity of the alcohol is more than or equal to 95%.

The invention relates to the melting coating of alcohol-base or water-base anti-penetrating sands, which uses the fireproofing bone materials, the floating agent, the felting agent, the reinforcing agent and the carrier as the preparing coating. The weight shares of the said coating are: 100,3-8,3-7,0.2-1.0 and 30-40. The invention uses chrome iron minerals as the main materials and is prior to any kinds of the traditional coating.

A piston ring has a diamond-like carbon film formed in a thickness of 0.5 to 30 micrometers over an under film on the upper and lower surfaces. The under film is directly formed on the surfaces, or formed on a hard surface treatment layer consisting of a gas nitrided layer or a chromium plating film. The diamond-like carbon is configured with any one of an amorphous carbon structure, an amorphous carbon structure having partly a diamond structure, or an amorphous carbon structure having partly a graphite structure. The under film is comprised of one or more elements selected from the group consisting of silicon, titanium, tungsten, chromium, molybdenum, niobium and vanadium in an atomic content of 70 percent or more and below 100 percent, and the remaining content consisting of carbon, or one or more of said elements in an atomic content of 100 percent. The films may also be formed in the same way on the outer circumferential surface of the piston ring.

An optical multilayer structure has a substrate, a light-absorbing first layer in contact with the substrate, a gap portion having a changeable size capable of causing an optical interference phenomenon, and a second layer. By changing the size of the gap portion, an amount of reflection, transmission, or absorption of incident light can be changed. For example, the substrate is made of carbon (C), the first layer is made of tantalum (Ta), and the second layer is made of silicon nitride (Si₃N₄). Also in a visible light area, high response is realized. Consequently, the optical multilayer structure can be suitably used for an image display. The optical multilayer structure may be obtained by stacking, on a substrate made of a metal such as chromium (Cr), a first transparent layer made of a material having a high refractive index such as TiO₂ (n=2.40), a second transparent layer made of a material having a low refractive index such as MgF₂ (n=1.38), a gap portion having a changeable size capable of causing an optical interference phenomenon, and a third transparent layer made of a material having a high refractive index such as TiO₂.

A zinc ion-exchanging battery device comprising: (A) a cathode comprising two cathode active materials (a zinc ion intercalation compound and a surface-mediating material); (B) an anode containing zinc metal or zinc alloy; (C) a porous separator disposed between the cathode and the anode; and (D) an electrolyte containing zinc ions that are exchanged between the cathode and the anode during battery charge/discharge. The zinc ion intercalation compound is selected from chemically treated carbon or graphite material having an expanded inter-graphene spacing d₀₀₂ of at least 0.5 nm, or an oxide, carbide, dichalcogenide, trichalcogenide, sulfide, selenide, or telluride of niobium, zirconium, molybdenum, hafnium, tantalum, tungsten, titanium, vanadium, chromium, cobalt, manganese, iron, nickel, or a combination thereof. The surface-mediating material contains exfoliated graphite or multiple single-layer sheets or multi-layer platelets of a graphene material.

High temperature aluminum alloys that can be used at temperatures from about −420° F. (−251° C.) up to about 650° F. (343° C.) are described herein. These alloys comprise aluminum; scandium; at least one of nickel, iron, chromium, manganese and cobalt; and at least one of zirconium, gadolinium, hafnium, yttrium, niobium and vanadiuim. These alloys comprise an aluminum solid solution matrix and a mixture of various dispersoids. These alloys are substantially free of magnesium.

An electroplating bath, a system, a process for, and the article obtained from, depositing a zinc-nickel ternary or higher alloy, a) zinc ions; b) nickel ions; and c) one or more ionic species selected from ions of Te⁺⁴, Bi⁺³ and Sb⁺³, and in some embodiments, further including one or more additional ionic species selected from ions of Bi⁺³, Sb⁺³, Ag⁺¹, Cd⁺², Co⁺², Cr⁺³, Cu⁺², Fe⁺², In⁺³, Mn⁺², Mo⁺⁶, P⁺³, Sn⁺² and W⁺⁶. In some embodiments, the system includes a divider forming a cathodic chamber and an anodic chamber, with the electroplating bath in the cathodic chamber only. In various embodiments, the zinc-nickel ternary and higher alloys may provide improved properties to the conductive substrates upon which the alloys are deposited.

The invention relates to a battery electrode material, in particular to a lithium titanate composite electrode material with surface coating layer; in the lithium titanate composite electrode material with surface coating layer, the electrode material is composed of lithium titanate particles and a coating layer coated with the surface of the lithium titanate particles; the particle size of the lithium titanate particles is 100nm-95mum, the average thickness of the surface coating layer is 0.2nm-5m, and the particle diameter of the composite electrode material is 0.1-100mum; the material of the surface coating layer is one or mixture of more than one kind of insulation oxide, insulation composite oxide, aluminium phosphate, magnesium phosphate, lithium fluoride, lithium phosphate or LiMPO4, wherein M is magnesium, ferrum, cobalt, nickel, chromium, titanium or vanadium; in the invention, by carrying out surface coating treatment to the surfaces of the existing lithium titanate particles, a layer of protective film is formed on the surface, so as to change the physical and chemical characteristics of the surface of the lithium titanate active material, the surface can not be reacted with electrolyte even if under overpotential condition, so as to avoid ballooning and ensure the capacity and the circularity of the battery not to be reduced.

A semiconductor device (10) includes a solder bump (40) that is formed using a gold-free under-bump metallurgy (UBM) (21). In a preferred embodiment, UBM (21) includes a diffusion barrier layer (22) of chromium and a metallic layer (24) of copper. The bump layer metallurgy (31) is deposited directly on the metallic layer, without an intervening gold layer. To overcome problems associated with a native oxide layer (26) which forms on the metallic layer, especially on copper, the bump metallurgy includes a seed layer (32) of tin that is deposited prior to a bulk lead layer (34). The bump metallurgy includes a final metallic layer (36) having sufficient tin to make a bump having approximately 97% Pb and 3% tin.