574 results about "Nonmetal" patented technology

The invention relates to the technical field of high-entropy oxide and electrocatalyst synthesis, in particular to a double-phase hollow high-entropy oxide catalyst and a preparation method and application thereof, the double-phase hollow high-entropy oxide catalyst comprises metal elements and non-metal elements, the metal elements comprise ruthenium, nickel, cobalt, iron, manganese and chromium; the non-metallic element is oxygen; the chemical formula of the double-phase hollow high-entropy oxide catalyst is NiCoFeMnCrRuO. The invention further discloses a preparation method of the catalyst. The double-phase hollow high-entropy oxide catalyst has a multi-shell hollow structure, provides a larger specific surface area and exposes a large number of reaction active sites, so that the double-phase hollow high-entropy oxide catalyst has lower overpotential, higher reaction efficiency and good electrochemical stability; meanwhile, the preparation method of the double-phase hollow high-entropy oxide catalyst is simple in process, low in cost, high in repeatability and suitable for industrial mass production, and has a wide application prospect.

The present disclosure is directed to a processing solution composition comprising a metal salt, an acid, a solvent, and a non-metal reductant. The present disclosure is also directed to a method of impregnating a porous material by covering or coating the porous material with a processing solution comprising a metal salt, an acid, a solvent, and a non-metal reductant.

The invention discloses a pipeline leakage detection device and method based on multi-modal data fusion, and relates to the technical field of pipeline safety monitoring. According to the device, modular sensor cabins (ultrasonic waves, LiDAR, millimeter wave radar and optics) are adopted for cooperative work, and high-precision leakage detection and positioning are achieved in combination with space-time registration, a cross-modal feature alignment network and a multi-level decision fusion mechanism. Through a dynamic weight distribution model and a multi-physical field joint inversion algorithm, the problems of low detection precision and poor anti-interference capability of a traditional single sensor are effectively solved. The method is suitable for detecting defects such as corrosion and leakage of metal and nonmetal pipelines, and has the advantages of high sensitivity, strong robustness and wide applicability.

The invention belongs to the field of synthesis of inorganic non-metallic materials, and particularly relates to an equimolar-ratio seven-element high-entropy oxide and a preparation process thereof. The preparation process comprises the following steps: putting seven oxide powder Al2O3, Y2O3, TiO2, ZrO2, NiO, CuO and CeO2 into a ball milling tank according to a molar ratio of 1: 1: 2: 2: 2: 2: 2: 2, adding absolute ethyl alcohol and zirconium oxide grinding balls, performing ball milling in a ball mill, and fully drying and sieving after ball milling to obtain mixed powder; carrying out tabletting treatment on the mixed powder to obtain a to-be-sintered green body; and putting the to-be-sintered green body into an alumina crucible, and putting the alumina crucible into a microwave oven for microwave sintering. According to the method, the equimolar-ratio seven-element high-entropy oxide (AlYTiZrNiCuCe) Ox with good solid solution is obtained, the crystallinity and element uniformity of the seven-element high-entropy oxide are improved, all the raw materials react completely, meanwhile, the process efficiency is high, and energy consumption is low.

The invention discloses an atom manipulation construction method of an artificial quantum structure on a two-dimensional layered material substrate, which comprises the following steps of: under an ultrahigh vacuum condition, evaporating and depositing noble metal atoms and non-metal atoms on the surface of a two-dimensional layered material by a molecular beam epitaxy method, and applying a voltage pulse through a tip of a scanning tunneling microscope to construct the artificial quantum structure on the two-dimensional layered material substrate. The method comprises the following steps: accurately lifting and placing monodisperse noble metal atoms, applying a voltage pulse through a tip of a scanning tunneling microscope, accurately placing a single non-metal atom near the noble metal atoms, accurately lifting and placing the single noble metal atom and the non-metal atom for multiple times, and carrying out N-type and P-type doping. And construction of an atomic-scale precise artificial quantum structure is realized. According to the method, accurate positioning, lifting, carrying, placing and other operations of the monatomic on the surface of the two-dimensional layered material are carried out, the problems of controllable control and structure construction of the monatomic on the surface of the two-dimensional layered material are solved, preparation of the diatomic PN junction is achieved, and a feasible scheme is provided for accurate design of quantum devices with atomic scales.

An embodiment of the present invention provides a steel material, for a pressure vessel, comprising, in weight %, 0.06-0.25% of carbon (C), 0.05-0.50% of silicon (Si), 1.0-2.0% of manganese (Mn), 0.005-0.40% of aluminum (Al), 0.010% or less of phosphorus (P), 0.0010% or less of sulfur (S), 0.001-0.03% of niobium (Nb), 0.001-0.03% of vanadium (V), 0.001-0.03% of titanium (Ti), 0.01-0.20% of chromium (Cr), 0.05-0.15% of molybdenum (Mo), 0.01-0.50% of copper (Cu), 0.05-0.50% of nickel (Ni), 0.0005-0.0050% of magnesium (Mg), 0.0005-0.0050% of calcium (Ca), 0.0020% or less of oxygen (O), and the remainder being Fe and other unavoidable impurities. A microstructure comprises in terms of area fraction 30% or less of pearlite and the remainder being ferrite. A non-metallic inclusion contains Mg—Al—Ca—O composite oxide.

The invention relates to the technical field of catalytic materials, in particular to a carbon-based monatomic catalyst doped with five non-metallic elements and a preparation method and application of the carbon-based monatomic catalyst doped with the five non-metallic elements. An organic precursor (MOF-coated POSFN-CTP) rich in five non-metallic element heteroatoms is prepared through a simple coprecipitation method at the room temperature; and annealing to obtain the carbon material (POSFNC) doped with five non-metallic elements. On the basis, the POSFNC is further impregnated with a transition metal precursor, annealing is carried out again, and the carbon-based monatomic catalyst doped with five non-metallic elements is successfully synthesized. The carbon-based monatomic catalyst with a hollow porous structure and five non-metallic element heteroatoms uniformly distributed can be constructed through the method, the synthesis process has the advantages of simplicity, convenience, economy and environmental protection, and the ORR activity and stability of the prepared catalyst exceed those of a commercial Pt / C catalyst.

The invention relates to the technical field of preparation of high-purity boron oxide, and discloses a purification method of high-purity boron oxide and a device thereof, and the purification method comprises the following steps: step 1, mixing crude boron oxide with a liquid metal alloy, and dissolving metal impurities through gradient temperature control; 2, applying ultrasonic treatment to the mixed system, introducing a vortex field, and stripping impurities on the surface of the boron oxide; 3, a liquid metal phase and a boron oxide solid phase are separated through cooperation of a magnetic field and a pulse high-voltage electrostatic field; 4, non-metal ion impurities are removed through a gradient porous ceramic adsorption bed; and step 5, melting boron oxide in vacuum and carrying out gradient cooling crystallization. By adopting the technical scheme of a Ga-I n-Bi-Er quaternary liquid alloy system, the technical effect of selective targeted removal of metal impurities is achieved, and compared with a liquid metal system depending on single phase solubility difference in the prior art, the defect that efficient chelating and dynamic settling separation of the impurities cannot be achieved at the same time is overcome.

The invention discloses a rare earth doped humic acid-based retarder, a preparation method and application thereof in grouting materials, and belongs to the technical field of inorganic non-metal building materials. The invention discloses a rare earth doped humic acid-based retarder, which is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 35 to 50 parts of rare earth modified humic acid, 10 to 15 parts of amphiphilic phosphonate dispersing agent, 5 to 8 parts of magnesium phosphate corrosion inhibition reinforcing agent, 8 to 12 parts of nano silicon dioxide and 3 to 5 parts of function regulator. The loading capacity of rare earth oxide in the rare earth modified humic acid is 8-12wt%. The retarder provided by the invention realizes effective retarding through an innovative hydration inhibition mechanism, and has significant advantages in temperature response characteristics, hydrolysis resistance and diversified regulation performance. The effects are synergistic, so that the grouting agent is particularly suitable for grouting construction under severe conditions such as high temperature and the like, and a more stable, reliable and flexible solution is provided for engineering.

The invention relates to the technical field of material performance detection, and particularly discloses a prediction model for flame retardance of a nonmetal electric energy metering box shell. A BO-XGBoost model for predicting and analyzing the flame retardant property of the nonmetal electric energy box shell material through Raman spectrum data is established, and rapid detection of the flame retardant property of the nonmetal electric energy metering box shell material is achieved.

The invention discloses a method for recovering platinum and palladium from high-cobalt nickel-containing carbonylation slag, and relates to the technical field of non-ferrous metal carbonylation metallurgy, the method comprises the following steps: S1, hydrogen reduction and activation; s2, feeding into a high-pressure carbonylation reactor; and S3, efficient carbonylation. According to the method, the carbonylation slag is subjected to hydrogen reduction activation treatment, nickel protoxide and cobalt oxide are changed into simple substance nickel, the simple substance nickel is fed into a carbonylation reactor for carbonylation under the protection of reducing gas or inert gas after activation treatment, 95% of Ni, 85% of Fe and 80% of Co are carbonylated to enter a gas phase after carbonylation, bonding of cobalt and a platinum solid solution is broken through carbonylation, and the nickel-cobalt-cobalt-cobalt-cobalt alloy is obtained. Nickel protoxide is difficult to dissolve in various strong acids and oxidizing acids, and a foundation is laid for further separation of base metals and non-metallic element sulfur from precious metals to produce high-grade platinum concentrate.

The invention relates to the technical field of gas permeability testing, in particular to a method and device for measuring the hydrogen permeation rule of nonmetal in the thickness direction, and the device comprises a first supporting seat, a hydrogen filling tank, a sample, a hydrogen measuring hose, a hydrogen concentration detector, a second supporting seat, a hydrogen filling hole, a pressure relief hole, a detection hole, an exhaust window and a sealing O-shaped ring; hydrogen is charged through a hydrogen charging hole in one side of the hydrogen charging tank, the hydrogen permeates in the thickness direction of the sample according to the concentration gradient, and the hydrogen permeates into a detection hole and then enters a hydrogen concentration detector through a hydrogen measuring hose; the device can be used for measuring the hydrogen permeation rule of nonmetal in the thickness direction, and provides experimental support for related hydrogen permeation simulation, so that a basis is provided for research, development and selection of nonmetal materials of a hydrogen conveying system.

The invention relates to the technical field of heat sink materials, in particular to a heat sink plate, a preparation method thereof and a power device. An upper convex arc groove is formed in the bottom of the heat sink plate, a composite layer is arranged in the upper convex arc groove, and the composite layer is attached to the radian of the upper convex arc groove; the composite layer is formed by multiple layers of metal-nonmetal composite powder, and the content of the metal powder in the multiple layers of metal-nonmetal composite powder is decreased progressively in the protruding direction of the upper protruding arc groove. The heat sink plate has a certain radian, and then in the application process, after the heat sink plate is heated, the metal-rich end extends, the radian of the heat sink plate is reduced, the attaching area of the heat sink plate and a device is increased, the heat conductivity is increased, and the chip temperature is reduced.

The invention discloses a lubricating equipment component fault prediction test system, which relates to the technical field of lubricating equipment state monitoring and comprises a multi-source sensing module, a particle feature resolving module, an entropy analysis module, a collaborative diagnosis module and a decision execution module. According to the lubricating equipment part fault prediction test system, by means of the particle feature resolving module, materials of metal and non-metal abrasion particles can be accurately recognized, the flow speed and the concentration of the particles can be calculated, a detailed material proportion, size distribution and a real-time concentration thermodynamic diagram can be generated, and the entropy value analysis module is used for analyzing the real-time temperature and pressure data according to the real-time temperature and pressure data. An infinitesimal body entropy change value is accurately calculated, the phase change condition of a lubricant is accurately judged in combination with a preset threshold value, a collaborative diagnosis module carries out deep fusion and analysis on multi-source data, time asynchronism is eliminated through dynamic time warping and other algorithms, an association rule base is established, confidence is calculated, and therefore the fault type of a lubricating equipment component is comprehensively predicted.

There is provided a method for manufacturing graphene, the method comprising: forming graphene on a non-metallic surface of a substrate by CVD in a CVD reaction chamber, wherein the step of forming graphene comprises introducing a precursor in a gas phase and / or suspended in a gas into the CVD reaction chamber; wherein the precursor consists of one or more compounds selected from a C4-C10 organic compound; wherein the organic compound is branched such that the organic compound has at least three methyl groups; and wherein the organic compound consists of carbon and hydrogen and, optionally, oxygen, fluorine, chlorine and / or bromine.

The invention belongs to the field of inorganic nonmetals, discloses a wide-temperature-range inorganic negative thermal expansion material and a synthesis method thereof, and requests to protect application of a Mn2V2O7 material as a negative thermal expansion material. The Mn2V2O7 material can be prepared on the basis of a solid-phase reaction method. The negative thermal expansion performance of the Mn2V2O7 material is disclosed for the first time, the negative thermal expansion temperature range is large and is 69-497 DEG C, the negative thermal expansion coefficient reaches-4 * 10 <-6 > DEG C <-1 >, and the Mn2V2O7 material is a wide-temperature-range inorganic negative thermal expansion material. The Mn2V2O7 material does not contain Hf, Dy, Lu, W and other rare metal elements, has a large negative thermal expansion temperature interval, and can be compounded with organic matters, metals, ceramics and the like to adjust the thermal expansion coefficient of the Mn2V2O7 material.

The invention discloses a method for rapidly measuring the surface wettability of ore grains based on low-field nuclear magnetic resonance, and belongs to the technical field of wettability measurement. According to the method, contact angles of part of energy, metal and non-metal ore particles are respectively tested through a seat drop method, then a T2 relaxation spectrum is obtained through a low-field nuclear magnetic resonance test, then a T2 weighted average value T2g value at different wetting times is obtained, linear quantitative fitting is carried out on the T2g value at different wetting times and the wetting time, and the wetting time is calculated. Obtaining a slope value kT2g of the linear function; performing first-order linear fitting on the kT2g and a corresponding ore grain contact angle theta to obtain a relational expression between the kT2g and the contact angle theta, and obtaining the wettability of the to-be-measured wettability ore grains through the relational expression between the kT2g and the contact angle theta. The linear model between the slope value and the contact angle of the T2 weighted average and wetting time fitting function established by the method is accurate and reliable, the evaluation of the surface wettability of the ore grains can be completed in only 3 minutes, and the method has the advantages of rapidness, high efficiency and the like.

The invention discloses a vacuum cup with a metal shell and an inner container directly compounded and a preparation method. The vacuum cup comprises a metal shell, an inorganic non-metal inner container and a transition layer located at openings of the metal shell and the inorganic non-metal inner container. The transition layer is at least one of a metal transition layer, a metal solder transition layer or a glass solder transition layer, the thermal expansion coefficient of the transition layer is between the thermal expansion coefficient of the metal shell and the thermal expansion coefficient of the inner container, and the thermal expansion coefficient meets the metal shell gt; a transition layer gt; an inorganic nonmetal liner; when the transition layer is a metal transition layer, the relative difference K between the transition layer and the thermal expansion coefficient of the metal shell is less than 60%; when the transition layer is a metal solder or glass solder transition layer, K is less than 20%; the total thickness of the transition layer is smaller than 1 mm. By reasonably controlling the material and thermal expansion coefficient of the transition layer, a middle structure with a deformation inhibition function is formed, thermal expansion deformation of the metal shell is relieved, the welding stress is reduced, the cracking risk is reduced, and reliable and direct compounding of the metal shell and the inorganic nonmetal inner container is achieved.

The invention belongs to the technical field of petroleum non-metal composite pipe performance testing, and particularly relates to a non-metal composite material whole pipe apparent heat conductivity coefficient testing method and device. The invention relates to a method for testing the visual heat conductivity coefficient of a whole pipe of a non-metal composite material object. The method comprises the following steps: filling a cavity of a test pipe section with water; a plurality of pipe body temperature measuring points are laid on the outer surface of the test pipe section, and environment temperature measuring points are arranged near the test pipe section; respectively connecting two ends of the test pipe section with a constant-temperature water bath inlet and outlet; setting the constant-temperature water bath temperature, starting a circulating pump after the temperature is constant, and keeping the temperature of the inner and outer surfaces of the to-be-tested pipe section constant; and performing heat flux density measurement on the test pipe section by adopting an unsteady-state heat dissipation method, and determining the apparent heat conductivity coefficient of the test pipe section. The non-heat-flux density is determined by testing the fixed-mass hot water enthalpy drop in the pipe section and the outer side surface area in a short time through a steady-state heat dissipation method, and compared with existing direct measurement of the heat flux density, the error is small, and the whole-pipe apparent heat conductivity coefficient of a non-metal composite material object can be reflected more accurately.

The invention provides a fuel cell bipolar plate coating and a preparation method thereof, and relates to the technical field of fuel cells, the fuel cell bipolar plate coating comprises a metal bottom layer, a transition layer and a surface layer which are sequentially deposited on a bipolar plate base material, the metal bottom layer is one of Ti, Cr, Zr, Nb, Ta, W and Mo, the transition layer is one or more of metal Ti, Cr, Zr, Nb, Ta, W and Mo corresponding ions, and the surface layer is one or more of metal Ti, Cr, Zr, Nb, Ta, W and Mo corresponding ions. The surface layer is composed of one of non-metal components C, N and Si. Through the synergistic effect of all the layers, the conductivity, corrosion resistance, mechanical strength and long-term stability of the fuel cell bipolar plate are remarkably improved.

The present application relates to the technical field of nuclear power plant performance testing and discloses a method for assessing the remaining life of a bursting disk in a large-caliber vacuum system of a nuclear power plant, comprising the following steps: S1, obtaining a first sample of a reference bursting disk after a first fatigue test, obtaining a second sample of a bursting disk to be assessed, and performing a bursting test on the first and second samples to obtain a life coefficient; S2, performing a non-metallic material state test on non-metallic debris in the first and second samples after the test, obtaining non-metallic test results of similar non-metallic materials, and obtaining a first remaining life of the bursting disk to be assessed; S3, performing a metallic material state test on metallic debris in the first and second samples after the test to obtain a second remaining life of the bursting disk to be assessed; S4, obtaining a third sample of the bursting disk to be assessed, and performing a second fatigue test to obtain a third remaining life of the bursting disk to be assessed; and S5, obtaining a final remaining life of the bursting disk to be assessed based on the life coefficient, the first, second, and third remaining lives.

This invention discloses a core-shell structured lithium-rich manganese-based cathode material with the general formula Li. 1+a Mn x Co y Ni z O 2‑b‑d (XO c ) b X d It has a core-shell structure, with the core being a disordered polyanion-doped lithium-rich manganese-based material, Li. 1+a Mn x Co y Ni z O 2‑b (XO c ) b The outer shell is made of lithium-rich manganese-based material Li, which is doped with gradient non-metallic ions. 1+ a Mn x Co y Ni z O 2‑d X d This application also provides a method for preparing a core-shell structured lithium-rich manganese-based cathode material. The method employs a combination of rapid Joule heating and surface plasma cleaning to prepare the aforementioned core-shell structured lithium-rich manganese-based cathode material, achieving a bulk disordered structure design with polyanion doping and a core-shell structure with surface gradient non-metallic ion doping. Specifically, the bulk polyanions can immobilize transition metal elements to suppress their migration to the lithium layer, reducing harmful consumption of active sites and stabilizing the crystal structure. Furthermore, the strong bond energy between the surface non-metallic elements and the transition metal elements can suppress transition metal dissolution during cycling, reducing irreversible oxygen oxidation and inhibiting harmful phase transitions.

A gas leakage rate testing apparatus and method for a nonmetal hydrogen conveying pipeline, and a nonmetal hydrogen conveying pipeline volume expansion amount testing method. The gas leakage rate testing apparatus comprises: a test member (1), in which a test cavity (16) adapted to place a pipeline (31) to be tested is formed, wherein a sealed test cavity (11) is formed after said pipeline (31) is placed in the test cavity (16); a calibration cavity (21) selectively communicated with the test cavity (11); a first gas filling assembly (10) selectively communicated with the calibration cavity (21) so as to be adapted to inject gas of a first set pressure into the calibration chamber (21); a measurement unit (9) configured to measure the pressure and temperature in the calibration cavity (21) and the pressure and temperature in the test cavity (11), and calculate the volume of the test cavity (11); and a leakage rate test unit configured to acquire a pressure change value of the test cavity (11) within a preset time interval, and calculate the gas leakage rate of said pipeline (31). The technical problem that gas leakage rate testing is inaccurate due to the measurement of the volume of the test cavity (11) being difficult or inaccurate is solved. In the nonmetal hydrogen conveying pipeline volume expansion amount testing method, after gas leakage rate testing is ended, a measurement unit (9) calculates a second volume of a test cavity (11) on the basis of a second formula, and on the basis of the difference between a first volume and the second volume, calculates the volume expansion amount of a pipeline (31) to be tested.

The invention discloses a non-metallic material hydrogen permeation capacity testing device, and relates to the field of material hydrogen permeation experiments.The non-metallic material hydrogen permeation capacity testing device comprises a high-pressure side fastening component, a low-pressure side fastening component, a collecting component, a first annular sealing component and a second annular sealing component, and an air inlet channel and an air inlet cavity are sequentially formed in the high-pressure side fastening component from bottom to top; the first annular sealing component is arranged on the upper portion of the high-pressure side fastening component and arranged outside the air inlet cavity in a clearance sleeving mode. An air outlet cavity and an air outlet channel are sequentially formed in the collecting part from bottom to top, the second annular sealing part is arranged on the lower portion of the collecting part, and the air outlet cavity is sleeved with the second annular sealing part in a clearance mode; after the low-pressure side fastening part and the high-pressure side fastening part are installed, the second annular sealing part and the first annular sealing part can abut against the upper side and the lower side of the to-be-detected part. The device for testing the hydrogen permeation capacity of the non-metallic material ensures the sealing performance, and is simple in structure, simple and convenient to operate and accurate in test result.

A magnetic composite includes: a non-metallic inorganic base material; and a ferrite layer provided on a surface of the non-metallic inorganic base material, and the non-metallic inorganic base material has a thickness of 2.0 μm or more, the ferrite layer has a thickness (dF) of 2.0 μm or more and 50.0 μm or less, and contains spinel-type ferrite as a principal component, and a content of α-Fe2O3 in the ferrite layer is 3.0 mass % or more and 25.0 mass % or less.

A gas permeation and leakage rate testing device and method for a non-metallic hydrogen transmission pipe. The device includes: a testing member formed with a testing cavity adapted to placing a to-be-tested pipe, and the testing cavity being formed with a sealed testing chamber after the to-be-tested pipe is placed therein; a calibration chamber selectively communicated with the testing chamber; a first gas-filling assembly selectively communicated with the calibration chamber to be adapted to filling a gas into the calibration chamber to a first set pressure; a measuring unit configured to measure pressures and temperatures in the calibration chamber and the testing chamber, and to calculate a calculated volume of the testing chamber; and a permeation and leakage rate testing unit configured to obtain a pressure change value of the testing chamber in a preset time interval and calculate a gas permeation and leakage rate of the to-be-tested pipe.

The invention relates to the technical field of environmental governance, and particularly discloses a bismuth ferrite-based photo-Fenton catalyst and application thereof. The bismuth ferrite-based photo-Fenton catalyst comprises a bismuth ferrite matrix or a catalyst, the bismuth ferrite matrix comprises Fe (NO) 9HO and Bi (NO) 5HO in a molar ratio of 1: 1-1: 1.1, the catalyst is one of metal-doped bismuth ferrite, non-metal-doped bismuth ferrite or a bismuth ferrite composite material, and the loading amount of metal in the metal-doped bismuth ferrite is 0.5-5 wt%. Fe (NO) 9HO and Bi (NO) 5HO are adopted as precursors, the stoichiometric ratio of a bismuth ferrite matrix can be regulated and controlled, generation of impurity phases is inhibited, and it is ensured that the matrix has a complete perovskite structure and a good photoresponse characteristic; meanwhile, modification means such as metal doping, non-metal doping or composite carrier loading are adopted.

The invention provides an electromagnetically-excited high-temperature liquid metal throttling flow measurement system and method, and belongs to the technical field of flow measurement. The method comprises the steps that direct current is connected to an electromagnetic excitation coil, and a direct-current magnetic field is generated around a non-metal pipeline; the magnetic field enables the liquid metal in the pipe to generate a throttling effect, so that the flow velocity is reduced to generate differential pressure; a differential pressure detection module is used for detecting the differential pressure of the liquid metal, a temperature sensor is used for detecting the temperature of the liquid metal in the pipe, and the flow coefficient is corrected; calculating a relational expression between the flow velocity and the flow of the liquid metal according to a Bernoulli equation; and the fluid density of the liquid metal is subjected to temperature compensation correction through the temperature and is substituted into the relational expression of the flow velocity and the flow of the liquid metal. Due to the fact that the physical property (such as density) of the liquid metal can change along with the temperature change, the flow measurement result is directly influenced, temperature compensation is conducted on the flow of the liquid metal, the measurement error can be corrected, and more accurate flow data can be obtained.

The invention discloses a cleaning composition as well as a preparation method and application thereof, and relates to the technical field of cleaning fluid. The invention relates to a low-k passivating agent which comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 10%-35% of an alkaline compound, 1%-40% of fluoride, 0.01%-10% of a cyclophosphazene compound, 0.01%-10.00% of a low-k passivating agent, 20%-80% of an organic solvent, 0.0001%-10.00% of a surfactant and the balance of water. By compounding the alkaline compound, the fluoride, the cyclophosphazene compound, the low-k passivator, the organic solvent, the surfactant and the water, various residues generated in the back-end process of semiconductor manufacturing can be effectively removed, and meanwhile, the contacted metal and non-metal materials cannot be obviously corroded. The etching rate on metal materials such as copper, tungsten and tantalum nitride and non-metal materials such as low-dielectric-constant insulating materials (BD) is low, and the operation window is large.

Systems and methods that utilize a separator coated by particles for Li dendrite detection in an ordinary two-electrode battery system. The particles can be red phosphorus (RP) particles and / or other particles that are poor electronic conductors, are able to react with Li, and will form an insoluble product with Li, such as silicon, germanium, arsenic, metal oxides, metal halides, metal chalcogenides, chalcogenides, and LiMxEyOz (M=metal, E=nonmetal, O=oxygen, x≥0, y≥0, z≥0). These other particles can be used by themselves or in combination with one another. No additional electrode is needed, and the presence of Li dendrites can be detected simply based on the voltage profile during the charging step.