959 results about "Hafnium" patented technology

The invention discloses high-purity hafnium oxide and a preparation method thereof, and relates to the technical field of hydrometallurgy. The preparation method of the high-purity hafnium oxide comprises the following steps: crushing a hafnium oxide raw material to obtain hafnium oxide powder; sequentially carrying out alkali fusion, water immersion and filtration treatment on the hafnium oxide powder to obtain a hafnium hydroxide filter cake; dissolving the hafnium hydroxide filter cake in a sulfuric acid solution to obtain a hafnium sulfate solution; adding sodium sulfate into the hafnium sulfate solution to obtain hafnium-containing double salt; dissolving the hafnium-containing double salt in a sulfuric acid solution, heating, evaporating, cooling and crystallizing to obtain hafnium sulfate crystals; dissolving the hafnium sulfate crystal in concentrated hydrochloric acid to obtain a hafnium oxychloride solution, heating, evaporating, cooling and crystallizing to obtain a hafnium oxychloride crystal; dissolving the hafnium oxychloride crystal in pure water, adding an oxalic acid solution, and precipitating to obtain hafnium oxalate; and calcining hafnium oxalate to obtain high-purity hafnium oxide. The preparation method of the high-purity hafnium oxide is green, environment-friendly, simple and efficient.

The invention provides a Bayesian optimization-based hafnium zirconium oxide film process parameter optimization method and system. The method comprises the following steps: preparing a hafnium zirconium oxide film; obtaining the performance of the hafnium-zirconium-oxide thin film, and constructing a data set of process parameter conditions and corresponding performance of the hafnium-zirconium-oxide thin film; based on the data set, adopting a Bayesian optimization method to optimize the hafnium zirconium oxide film process parameters, comprising the steps of sequentially constructing an agent model, defining an acquisition function, iteratively optimizing the acquisition function and updating the agent model, and repeating the steps until a termination condition is met; and determining an optimal process parameter combination for preparing the hafnium zirconium oxide thin film according to a Bayesian optimization result. According to the method, the optimal process parameters of the hafnium zirconium oxide film can be quickly determined, and the cost of developing a semiconductor process is reduced.

The invention relates to a high-temperature ablation resistant ceramic matrix composite material and a preparation method thereof. The method comprises the following steps: preparing a rare earth acetylacetone complex from hexahydrate of rare earth chloride (rare earth nitrate) and acetylacetone; uniformly mixing the rare earth acetylacetone complex with poly (hafnium) oxane by using xylene to obtain a zirconium (hafnium)-rare earth ceramic precursor solution; densifying the porous carbon fiber preform by using a zirconium (hafnium)-rare earth ceramic precursor solution through a precursor impregnation and pyrolysis process to obtain a carbon fiber reinforced carbide ceramic-rare earth zirconium (hafnium) acid salt ceramic-based composite material; and densifying the carbon fiber reinforced carbide ceramic-rare earth zirconium (hafnium) acid salt ceramic-based composite material by using molybdenum chloride and silicon chloride through a chemical vapor infiltration method to prepare the high-temperature ablation resistant ceramic-based composite material. The prepared ceramic-based composite material has excellent high-temperature oxidation ablation resistance and excellent high-temperature mechanical properties at the temperature of 2000 DEG C or above.

The invention belongs to the technical field of adsorbent preparation, and relates to a preparation method of a series of M-TCBB metal organic framework materials and application of the M-TCBB metal organic framework materials to adsorption of sulfur dioxide and ammonia gas. The preparation method comprises the following steps: dispersing [9, 9 '-dicarbazole]-3, 3', 6, 6 '-tetracarboxylic acid (H4TCBB) serving as an organic ligand and any one or more of yttrium salt, zirconium salt, hafnium salt, cerium salt and thorium salt in a solution according to a certain mass ratio, and carrying out solvothermal reaction at 100-120 DEG C; and after the reaction is finished, centrifuging to take a precipitate, washing and drying to obtain a series of M-TCBB metal organic framework materials. The series of M-TCBB metal organic framework materials prepared by the invention have relatively good adsorption acting force on sulfur dioxide and ammonia gas, and are high in adsorption cycle stability; under a humid condition, capture of sulfur dioxide and ammonia gas shows a humidity enhancement characteristic, namely, water vapor promotes enhancement of the adsorption capacity of sulfur dioxide and ammonia gas.

The invention relates to a nickel-based alloy composite plate and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of alloy preparation. The alloy reinforcing agent is prepared under the sintering condition of high-temperature reducing gas protection by mixing the lanthanum element and the nanometer aluminum oxide, the granularity can be refined in the smelting process by adding the alloy reinforcing agent, and the wear resistance, hardness, strength and oxidation resistance of the alloy are effectively improved. Nickel is used as a matrix, an alloy reinforcing agent and elements such as molybdenum, copper, boron and hafnium are added, meanwhile, a mixture of potassium chloride and magnesium fluoride is used as a fluxing agent, uniform mixing and reaction of alloy components are promoted, and the nickel-based alloy smelted through step-by-step heating in vacuum has high hardness and strength and good abrasion resistance, corrosion resistance and high temperature resistance; and the stainless steel substrate and the nickel-based alloy plate are tightly combined through welding treatment, and the nickel-based alloy composite plate is suitable for manufacturing a vacuum chamber.

The invention provides a surface-modified sulfide electrolyte and a preparation method thereof, and an all-solid-state battery, the surface-modified sulfide electrolyte comprises a sulfide electrolyte and a modification layer coated on the surface of the sulfide electrolyte, the chemical general formula of the modification layer is LiaMbNcXd, 0 < = a < = 3, 0 < = b < = 1, 0 < = c < = 1, 0 < = d < = 6, and 0 < = c < = 1. M is at least one element of magnesium, aluminum, calcium, iron, zirconium, niobium, tantalum, tungsten, gadolinium, yttrium, indium, hafnium, lanthanum and ytterbium, and X is at least one element of oxygen, sulfur, fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine. According to the surface-modified sulfide electrolyte, the modification layer with high ionic conductivity and high oxidation potential is coated outside the sulfide electrolyte, so that when the surface-modified sulfide electrolyte is applied to a positive electrode of an all-solid-state battery, the modification layer can improve the oxidation potential of the electrolyte on the premise of not reducing the ionic conductivity of the electrolyte; the effects of improving the interface stability between the positive electrode active material and the sulfide electrolyte and further improving the cycle performance of the battery are achieved.

The present application provides an entropy-regulated composite dielectric film, which comprises a polymer matrix; and fillers dispersed in the polymer matrix, wherein the fillers comprise Bi 4‑a M 1a Ti (3‑3b) M 2b O 12 , wherein M1 comprises at least one of lanthanum, neodymium, samarium and praseodymium, M2 comprises at least one of zirconium, hafnium and tin, 0 The entropy-regulated composite dielectric film has high temperature resistance, high breakdown strength, high polarization strength, high energy storage density and good stability.

A shape memory actuator including: a nickel-titanium (NiTi) alloy; and a ternary element provided to the nickel-titanium alloy such that the content of the ternary element in the alloy is selected and processed based on a predetermined operating temperature for the actuator. The ternary element may be selected from at least one of lead (Pd), Gold (Au), Platinum (Pt), Hafnium (Hf) and Zirconium (Zr). A method of making a shape memory alloy (SMA) actuator, the method including: preparing an SMA material; cutting the SMA material into the shape for the actuator; and processing a predetermined portion of the actuator via laser processing such that at least some material properties of the SMA material are altered to provide an altered transformation temperature. In some cases, the processing may be configured to adjust the relative amount of at least a ternary element in the predetermined portion.

The invention discloses a nickel-based alloy composite plate and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of nickel-based alloys, the nickel-based alloy composite plate comprises a stainless steel bottom plate and a nickel-based alloy plate, and the nickel-based alloy plate comprises, by weight, 52-58 parts of nickel powder, 17-21 parts of molybdenum powder, 8-12 parts of copper powder, 7-9 parts of boron powder, 2-3 parts of modified hafnium carbide powder, 4-7 parts of an alloy reinforcing agent and 2-3 parts of a fluxing agent. The modified hafnium carbide prepared from hafnium oxide and nano carbon powder successfully replaces metal hafnium with high cost in the traditional process; and meanwhile, the actual adding proportion of the modified hafnium carbide in the nickel-based alloy plate is greatly reduced, the cost of industrial mass production is doubly reduced from the two aspects of raw material selection and dosage control, and the economic requirement of large-scale production is better met.

The invention relates to a method for separating zirconium and hafnium through solvent extraction, and belongs to the technical field of hydrometallurgy. According to the method, zirconium and hafnium separation is achieved through a solvent extraction method, the novel extraction agent is adopted, the synergistic effect of the modified imidazole ionic liquid, the amide compound and tributyl phosphate is utilized, the process steps of solution acidification, extraction agent extraction, sulfuric acid solution washing and reverse extraction are carried out, and the zirconium solution and the hafnium solution are obtained through separation. The process method is simple, the separation effect is good, and the separation purity is high.

A light-emitting device including an organometallic compound having a metal such as is platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd), copper (Cu), silver (Ag), gold (Au), rhodium (Rh), ruthenium (Ru), osmium (Os), titanium (Ti), zirconium (Zr), hafnium (Hf), europium (Eu), terbium (Tb), or thulium (Tm) is provided. The light-emitting device may include a first electrode, a second electrode facing the first electrode, an interlayer between the first electrode and the second electrode and comprising an emission layer. The light-emitting device may be included in an electronic apparatus.

The invention provides zirconium and hafnium separation centrifugal extraction equipment, and relates to the technical field of zirconium and hafnium extraction.The zirconium and hafnium separation centrifugal extraction equipment comprises a supporting bottom plate, a decomposition tank and a separation tank, fixing side plates are fixedly connected to the two sides of the top end of the supporting bottom plate, a fixing top plate is fixedly connected to the top ends of the fixing side plates, and a driving motor is fixedly connected to the middle of the top end of the fixing top plate; the driving end of the driving motor is fixedly connected with a rotating rod, the rotating rod is sleeved with a decomposition tank, the outer side of the rotating rod is fixedly connected with a fixing plate, the outer side of the fixing plate is fixedly connected with a scraping plate, and the scraping plate is in abutting fit with the inner wall of the decomposition tank; a second motor is fixedly connected to the middle of the top end of the supporting bottom plate. Through the arrangement of the decomposition tank, the driving motor, the crushing rod and the scraping plate, zirconium and hafnium raw materials are poured into the feeding hopper and then flow into the decomposition tank, the driving motor drives the zirconium and hafnium raw materials to rotate relative to the rotating rod in the mixing process, and the crushing rod completes uniform decomposition while the zirconium and hafnium raw materials rotate.

The invention provides a high-hardness high-reflectivity hafnium carbide film and a preparation method thereof. The method comprises the following steps: 1) target material position: placing a graphite target, a hafnium target and a substrate; 2) substrate surface pretreatment: performing ultrasonic cleaning on the substrate and then drying the substrate; 3) vacuumizing the chamber and heating the substrate: vacuumizing the chamber to high vacuum and heating the substrate; (4) pre-cleaning the target material: introducing inert gas into the chamber, keeping the working air pressure, and carrying out pre-sputtering cleaning on the target material; and 5) depositing a hafnium carbide film: continuously introducing inert gas into the chamber, keeping the working air pressure, the substrate temperature and the substrate autorotation speed, modulating an intermediate-frequency pulse waveform by adopting a pulse generator, applying the intermediate-frequency pulse waveform to the graphite target and the hafnium target, keeping a current value, and carrying out coating treatment. The hafnium carbide film with the low carbon vacancy concentration and the single-phase rock salt structure can be prepared through the method, and the hafnium carbide film has high hardness and broadband high reflection performance.

The invention discloses a modified mesoporous silica adsorbent as well as a preparation method and application thereof, and relates to the technical field of porous material preparation. The preparation method of the modified mesoporous silica adsorbent provided by the invention comprises the following steps: hydrolyzing a silicon source in a solution containing a template agent to form a preliminary framework of silica, then adding a silane coupling agent containing at least one of sulfydryl, sulfonyl and amino, carrying out a hydrothermal reaction at 60-120 DEG C, and removing the template agent to obtain the modified mesoporous silica adsorbent. The modified mesoporous silica adsorbent capable of selectively adsorbing zirconium and hafnium can be obtained. The modified mesoporous silica adsorbent prepared by the method is used for adsorbing and enriching zirconium and hafnium ions, the adsorption capacities of 6.23 mg / g and 5.95 mg / g or above can be obtained respectively, the adsorption capacity is excellent, and the adsorbent can reach adsorption equilibrium within 10 min and is excellent in adsorption rate.

The invention provides a device and a method for removing MIBK (methyl isobutyl ketone) in raffinate for extracting and separating zirconium and hafnium, the device comprises a tank body, a liquid distribution ring is fixedly connected in the tank body, one side of the liquid distribution ring penetrates through the tank body and is outwards communicated with a feeding pipe, a plurality of spray heads are arranged below the liquid distribution ring in a penetrating manner, the outer end of the tank body is fixedly connected with a bracket, and the bracket is fixedly connected with a rotating shaft. According to the device, raffinate can be quickly conveyed into the tank body by arranging a liquid distribution ring and a spray head, rotation of a rotating shaft and a rotating plate can be completed in cooperation with a gear assembly, the fallen raffinate is scattered, it is ensured that the raffinate can uniformly fall on a steam heating pipe, and the raffinate is uniformly heated; meanwhile, the contact area of the gas phase and the liquid phase can be increased in cooperation with the condensation assembly, the phase splitting barrel and the grid plate, the MIBK separation efficiency is improved, and the purpose of rapidly removing oil is achieved through the principle that the volatility is affected by factors such as liquid diffusion and temperature.

An extreme ultraviolet mask including a substrate, a reflective multilayer stack on the substrate and a multi-layer patterned absorber layer on the reflective multilayer stack is provided. Disclosed embodiments include an absorber layer that includes an alloy comprising ruthenium (Ru), chromium (Cr), platinum (Pt), gold (Au), iridium (Ir), titanium (Ti), niobium (Nb), rhodium (Rh), molybdenum (Mo), tungsten (W) or palladium (Pd), and at least one alloying element. The at least one alloying element includes ruthenium (Ru), chromium (Cr), tantalum (Ta), platinum (Pt), gold (Au), iridium (Ir), titanium (Ti), niobium (Nb), rhodium (Rh), molybdenum (Mo), hafnium (Hf), boron (B), nitrogen (N), silicon (Si), zirconium (Zr) or vanadium (V). Other embodiments include a multi-layer patterned absorber structure with layers that include an alloy and an alloying element, where at least two of the layers of the multi-layer structure have different compositions.

A component for use in a semiconductor processing chamber is provided. A metal or metal alloy component body has a process-facing surface. An intermediate aluminum oxide coating is disposed on the process-facing surface, the intermediate aluminum oxide coating being at least 99% pure by weight and having a porosity of less than 0.1% by volume, the intermediate aluminum oxide coating having a first thickness. A process-exposed layer is disposed on the intermediate aluminum oxide coating, the process-exposed layer comprising at least one of yttrium, hafnium, zirconium, lanthanum, magnesium, and a lanthanide, the process-exposed layer being at least 99% pure by weight, having a porosity of less than 0.1%, and having a second thickness, the second thickness being less than or equal to the first thickness.

The invention relates to the technical field of thermal printing head manufacturing, in particular to an energy-impact-resistant heating substrate for a thermal printing head and a preparation method of the energy-impact-resistant heating substrate, and the energy-impact-resistant heating substrate is high-temperature-resistant and capable of reducing adverse effects of thermal stress and is provided with an insulating substrate, a ground coat layer is arranged on the surface of the insulating substrate, and a heating resistor and an electrode wire are arranged on the ground coat layer. A protective layer covers the upper surfaces of the heating resistor body and part of the electrode lead, and the heating resistor body is characterized in that the heating resistor body is an energy-impact-resistant heating resistor body, the heating resistor body is made of a mixture of hafnium tantalum Hf / Ta alloy and SiC, the mass ratio of Hf to Ta in the hafnium tantalum alloy is (1-2): (8-9), the hafnium tantalum alloy accounts for 30-70% of the total mass of the heating resistor body, and the Hf / Ta alloy accounts for 30-70% of the total mass of the heating resistor body. The thickness of the heating resistor body is 10-500 nm, and the resistivity of the heating resistor body is 500-4000 E-8 omega.m.

The invention provides a hafnium-based adsorption material, a preparation method thereof and a method for removing thorium ions in nuclear waste liquid. The hafnium-based adsorption material comprises an MOF with hafnium ions as a metal center and ellagic acid as an organic ligand, and in an X-ray diffraction pattern of the MOF under CuK alpha radiation, at 5 degrees lt; 2 [theta] lt; and in the range of 20 degrees, four diffraction peaks at the positions of 5.0 degrees + / -0.3 degrees, 8.6 degrees + / -0.3 degrees, 13.2 degrees + / -0.3 degrees and 17.2 degrees + / -0.3 degrees exist. The hafnium-based adsorption material disclosed by the invention has improved adsorption capacity on thorium ions under the condition of low pH value.

The invention relates to the field of coatings, and discloses a wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant high-entropy alloy composite coating and a preparation method thereof.The wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant high-entropy alloy composite coating is prepared by depositing functional high-entropy alloy composite powder on the surface of a base body in a laser cladding mode, the functional high-entropy alloy composite powder comprises high-entropy alloy powder, a modified additive and composite ceramic powder, the modified additive is prepared by using urea and titanium tetrachloride as raw materials, growing nano titanium nitride particles on the surface of a silicon carbide nanowire in situ to prepare a nano titanium nitride / silicon carbide nanowire composite material, and then coating a layer of nano titanium dioxide particles on the surface of the nano titanium nitride / silicon carbide nanowire composite material by using tetrabutyl titanate; and the composite ceramic powder is prepared by compounding zirconium carbide, niobium carbide, hafnium carbide and tantalum disilicide. The hardness, wear resistance and corrosion resistance of the high-entropy alloy coating are enhanced by adding the modified additive and the composite ceramic powder.

Catalyst systems for olefin polymerization include a metal-ligand complex of a general formula (I). The metal-ligand complex of formula (I) is a transition metal complex of titanium, zirconium, or hafnium, in which the transition metal is coordinated with a biaryl phenoxy ligand structure. Olefin polymerization processes include contacting ethylene and optionally one or more (C3-C12) alpha-olefins in the presence of the catalyst system to produce an ethylene-based polymer or copolymer.

The invention belongs to the technical field of processing of nuclear reactor control rod neutron absorber materials, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a nuclear-grade hafnium cast ingot. The method comprises the following steps: preparing sponge hafnium into an electrode block; performing vacuum electron beam melting on the electrode block for at least two times to obtain a finished cast ingot; and processing the finished cast ingot to prepare the nuclear-grade hafnium cast ingot which can be used for processing the control rod profile for the nuclear reactor assembly. According to the preparation method of the nuclear-grade hafnium cast ingot, the tensile strength, the welding performance and the creep performance of a nuclear-grade hafnium profile can be effectively improved; meanwhile, the technological process is simplified, and the technological economy and the production efficiency are remarkably improved; in addition, sponge hafnium is directly adopted for vacuum electron beam melting, so that the cost of raw materials is greatly reduced. According to the method, the application performance of the nuclear-grade hafnium profile is improved, meanwhile, the process is simplified, the production efficiency is improved, the production cost is reduced, and the economical efficiency of nuclear-grade hafnium profile manufacturing is greatly improved.

The invention relates to the technical field of hydrometallurgy, and provides a preparation method for extracting metal hafnium from hafnium-containing waste, which comprises the following steps: S1, dissolving the hafnium-containing waste to obtain a dissolved solution; s2, an organic phase is added into the dissolving solution for extraction, a hafnium-containing organic phase is taken for back extraction and precipitation, and hafnium oxide is obtained; the organic phase comprises an extraction agent; the extracting agent comprises dioctadecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride and trioctyl methyl ammonium chloride in a mass ratio of (1: 9)-(9: 1). According to the technical scheme, the problems of low yield and purity of metal hafnium extracted from hafnium-containing waste materials in related technologies are solved.

A preparation method of porous hafnium carbide superhigh-temperature ceramic is characterized by comprising the following steps: dispersing graphene oxide in a solvent to form a graphene oxide dispersion liquid, mixing a monomer hafnium source solution with the graphene oxide dispersion liquid, and carrying out hydrothermal treatment on a hafnium oxide carbon precursor network structure to obtain the porous hafnium carbide superhigh-temperature ceramic. The organic-inorganic hybrid precursor is subjected to two-stage heat treatment, the first stage is inorganic treatment, the second stage is carbon thermal reduction reaction, and the porous hafnium carbide ultrahigh-temperature ceramic material is obtained. Graphene oxide is used as a structure-directing agent and an in-situ carbon source, a monomer hafnium source is uniformly anchored on the surface of a GO sheet layer on the molecular scale, an organic-inorganic hybrid precursor is formed, after the precursor is subjected to hydrothermal crosslinking, Hf species and a carbon skeleton are highly mixed on the nanoscale, and the Hf / GO composite material is obtained. And the subsequent carbon thermal reduction reaction can be efficiently completed in a low-temperature interval of 1300-1450 DEG C.

This invention discloses a method for preparing high-purity zirconium oxide, belonging to the field of compound preparation technology. The method provides a breakthrough adjustment of the final concentration state and the cooling process after concentration and evaporation of an acidic zirconium oxychloride solution under the action of an oxidant. Simultaneously, crystallization is achieved through a two-stage concentration and evaporation process, followed by calcination to obtain hafnium-free zirconium oxide. The resulting zirconium oxide not only has a high yield but also high purity. Furthermore, the technical solution of this invention avoids the generation of ammonia nitrogen wastewater as in existing technologies, thus not only avoiding environmental impact but also significantly reducing production costs through the recycling of hydrochloric acid condensation, achieving a green and environmentally friendly effect.

The invention discloses a hafnium-zirconium-oxygen-doped multi-bit ferroelectric storage unit and a preparation method thereof. The storage unit comprises a first electrode, a second electrode and a multi-state ferroelectric layer arranged between the first electrode and the second electrode, the polymorphic ferroelectric layer comprises a hafnium-zirconium-oxygen solid solution and doping elements. And carrying out high-temperature annealing treatment on the device, and enabling the material of the multi-state ferroelectric layer to be subjected to phase transformation under the combined action of doped elements and electrode stress so as to form a mixed crystal of a ferroelectric phase, an anti-ferroelectric phase and a non-ferroelectric phase, thereby realizing multi-bit information storage. The polymorphic ferroelectric layer has stable polymorphisms for storing multi-bit data, and can be quickly switched among different storage states. The electrode layer is used for providing electric field driving force and regulating stress and oxygen vacancy space distribution of the electrode-ferroelectric interface layer at the same time; and the distribution between the material phase components and the oxygen vacancies in the ferroelectric layer is adjusted by controlling the distribution and the concentration of the elements by doping the elements and under the combined action of the electrodes.

The invention relates to the technical field of hydrometallurgy production systems, in particular to a solvent regeneration control system for separating zirconium and hafnium through MIBK method centrifugal extraction, which comprises a control module used on a solvent regeneration neutralization reactor, and the control module comprises a heat exchange module; the heat exchange module comprises a heat exchange unit; the heat exchange unit comprises a cooling liquid flow adjusting unit, a cooling liquid temperature detecting unit and a cooling liquid pressure detecting unit. And the heat exchange module is used for controlling the flow of the cooling liquid, the pressure of the cooling liquid and the temperature of the cooling liquid of the heat exchange unit so as to adjust the temperature of the mixed phase in the neutralization reactor. The control system can monitor the flow, temperature and pressure of cooling liquid in real time, accurately control opening, closing and temperature adjustment of the heat exchange unit, quickly respond to temperature change of a mixed phase in the neutralization reactor, remove reaction heat in time, effectively avoid the problem of extraction system emulsification caused by high-temperature decomposition and polymerization of thiocyanic acid in the solvent regeneration process, and improve the extraction efficiency. The solvent regeneration efficiency and quality are ensured.

The invention relates to the technical field of coated cutting tools, and provides a chemical vapor deposition hafnium boride multilayer coated cutting tool and a preparation method thereof.The chemical vapor deposition hafnium boride multilayer coated cutting tool comprises a base body and multiple coatings sequentially arranged on the surface of the base body; the multi-layer coating comprises a first sub-coating HfBN layer and a second sub-coating HfBx layer, and x is larger than or equal to 1.8 and smaller than or equal to 2.2; the first sub-coating HfBN layer is composed of HfB2, HfN and a BN phase, the volume fraction of the HfB2 phase is 60-90%, and the first sub-coating HfBN layer grows in a columnar crystal mode; the second sub-coating HfBx layer grows in a columnar crystal mode, and the grain size of the second sub-coating HfBx layer is larger than that of the first sub-coating HfBN layer. The high-wear-resistance and low-friction-coefficient cutting fluid has high wear resistance, high bonding strength, high adhesion resistance and low friction coefficient, so that the cutting machining requirements of difficult-to-machine materials such as stainless steel, titanium alloy and nickel-based high-temperature alloy are met.

The invention discloses a process for removing uranium and thorium from hydrochloric acid system zirconium and hafnium waste acid. The process comprises the following steps: S1, adding a substance containing nitrate radicals into the zirconium-hafnium waste acid of a hydrochloric acid system to obtain zirconium-hafnium waste acid of a nitrate acid mixed acid system; s2, extracting the zirconium and hafnium waste acid of the mixed acid system obtained in the step S1 by adopting a TBP extracting agent to obtain an organic phase 1 containing uranium, thorium, zirconium and RE and a water phase 1 mainly containing RE; s3, the organic phase 1 obtained in the step S2 is subjected to reverse extraction through a nitric acid solution, and an organic phase 2 containing uranium and thorium and a water phase 2 mainly containing zirconium and RE are obtained; and S4, the organic phase 2 obtained in the step S3 is subjected to reverse extraction through sulfuric acid, and a blank organic phase 3 and a water phase 3 containing uranium and thorium are obtained. The process provided by the invention can realize removal of radioactive uranium and thorium in the hydrochloric acid system zirconium-hafnium waste acid. The process is high in uranium and thorium removal rate, low in zirconium and rare earth loss rate and beneficial to further comprehensive utilization of valuable elements in the waste acid.

The disclosed and claimed subject matter relates to (1) a process for performing thermal atomic layer etching (ALE) of films that include ZrO2, HfO2, (Hf—Zr)O2 alloy or similar materials which does not require the use of plasmas or corrosive halogenating chemistries and (2) a metal-insulator-metal capacitor (MIMcap) with unique properties enabled by a unique dielectric processing method.