The invention discloses a rhubarb floating seedling and transplanting method and relates to the technical field of plantation of Chinese medicinal herbs. The method includes the steps: firstly, adopting a greenhouse facility; secondly, seeding; thirdly, cultivating and fertilizing; fourthly, transplanting. The step of sowing includes: 1, bud forcing treatment: soaking for 6-8 hours in warm water at the temperature of 18-20 DEG C, covering with gauze, and flushing with cold water for 2-3 times every day; 2, filling of seedling raising plates: filling a prepared culture medium into the seedling raising plates, and punching for standby application by a puncher; 3, sowing: sowing seeds into holes, wherein one to two seeds are sowed in each hole, and sowing depth is 0.5cm. The step of cultivating and fertilizing includes: water injection, plate placement, environment management, seedling emergence and fertilization. Transplanting is generally carried out in a 'three leaf and one core' period, namely each seedling grows out three main leaves and one plant core, and transplanting is carried out in spring, summer and autumn. By the rhubarb floating seedling and transplanting method, the problems of limits of physioclimate conditions, seedling supply time concentration, low seedling yield per mu, high labor demand, high seed consumption, low germination percentage of seeds sowed in land and the like in rhubarb plantation are solved.