1796results about How to "Large dynamic range" patented technology

High dynamic range brightness information is acquired by inputting detection current to a high (adjustable) gain resettable integrator whose output V(t) is compared to a Vth threshold by a comparator whose output is counted by a reset counter as V(t).gtoreq.Vth. When a desired count is attained, data acquisition ends, the counter is read, and the entire circuit is reset. A TOF data acquisition circuit includes first and second sequences of series-coupled delay units, and a like number of latch units coupled between respective delay units. A phase discriminator compares output from each chain and feedback a signal to one of the chains and to a comparator and can equalize delay through each chain. A control voltage is coupled to the remaining chain to affect through-propagation delay time. The latch units can capture the precise time when V(t).gtoreq.Vth. Successive measurement approximation can enhance TOF resolution.

A method for continuously determining the required dynamic range for an analog-to-digital converter by determining the received signal strength and using this received signal strength value in combination with the overall dynamic range for the ADC and the target resolution of the ADC to decode a radio channel in the absence of interference, wherein the target resolution is also related to the type of decoding to be performed subsequent to analog-to-digital conversion. The method allows for a reduction in power consumption associated with the ADC, especially when the incoming signal is received with few interfering radio channels and with a relatively high signal strength. The present method can be combined with gain control and analog alert detection.

Well logging apparatus and methods for determining formation resistivity at multiple (>3) depths of investigation. At least one transmitter antenna and at least two receiver antennas are mounted in a logging tool housing, on substantially a common axis. The antennas are untuned coils of wire. Electromagnetic energy is emitted at multiple frequencies from the transmitter into the formation. The receiver antennas, which are spaced apart from each other and from the transmitter, detect reflected electromagnetic energy. Formation resistivity at multiple depths of investigation is determined using only phase differences in the reflected energy at the different frequencies, minimizing false indications of invasion due to mismatch of vertical response with attenuation measurements and also permitting correcting for the effects of varying dielectric constant of the formation. The apparatus minimizes the number of antennas, electronics complexity, required power, and measurement time required to determine resistivity at multiple depths of investigation.

An accommodating intraocular lens is provided having optical parameters that are altered in-situ, wherein an optic portion of the lens includes a lens piston that alters the shape of a lens element of the lens to alter the optical power of the lens, responsive to forces applied to a haptic portion to the lens by contraction of the ciliary muscles. Forces applied to the haptic portion are concentrated by the lens piston to provide a greater dynamic range, and may be further augmented by the use of haptic pistons disposed in the haptic portion of the lens.

The invention relates to a wireless-receiving system for detecting microelectronic mechanical microwave frequency and a preparation method thereof. The wireless-receiving system for detecting the microelectronic mechanical microwave frequency has quite simple structure, large measurement magnitude range, no direct-current power consumption and easy integration. In the system for detecting the microelectronic mechanical microwave frequency, gallium arsenide is used as a substrate, wherein a microwave antenna (A), a one-three power splitter (B), a coplanar waveguide transmission line (C), a two-in-one power combiner (D), an MEMS cantilever capacitive microwave power sensor (E) and an MEMS thermoelectric microwave power sensor (F) are designed on the substrate; and then a phase difference between a signal 3 and a signal 2 after the signal 3 passes through the coplanar waveguide transmission line with the length of lambda/2 can be determined according to a law of cosines. Because the phase difference corresponds to the frequency of the signal, the frequency of the signal can be measured.

The invention discloses a narrow gap welding monitoring and welding line deviation detecting method based on infrared vision sensing and belongs to the technical field of welding. An infrared vision sensing system comprises an infrared complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) camera, a filtering system, an image collecting card, a computer, a display and the like. Narrow gap welding arc light and molten pool radiation light are used as a light source, an infrared narrow belt filtering system is used for filtering interference signals and adjusting light intensity, and the computer collects and displays a welding image obtained through the infrared CMOS camera. An image capturing window is used for capturing an image away from an arc side, the image is processed, welding line deviation information is obtained by extracting a groove single-side edge, and a real-time property of welding line deviation detecting is improved while arc noise is effectively avoided. The system is simple in formation, clear in monitored image, high in welding line deviation detecting precision, strong in anti-interference capacity and good in engineering practicality and can achieve the purposes of real-time monitoring of narrow gap welding and synchronous detecting of welding line deviation.

The invention discloses a laser lap welding gap detecting system and a laser lap welding gap detecting method based on molten pool image visual sensing. The detecting system is a visual sensing system and comprises a CMOS camera, a light filtering system, a secondary light source, an image capture card, a computer, a display and the like, wherein the CMOS camera has a LinLog photosensory technology. According to the detecting method, the secondary light source and emitted light of molten pools are used as light sources; plasma is filtered out by utilizing the light filtering system, and light intensity is adjusted; the computer is used for collecting and displaying molten pool images in real time, wherein the molten pool images are obtained by the CMOS camera; molten pool image edges and areas and orifice image edges and areas are extracted and calculated by utilizing a Labview image processing platform, and the quantitative relations between molten pool sizes and orifice areas and between the molten pool sizes and orifice gaps are obtained. The detecting system is simple in structure, clear in monitoring image, high in light signal detecting accuracy, strong in anti-jamming capacity, good in engineering practicability and capable of monitoring laser welding of T-type overlap joint gaps in real time.

An autocorrelator apparatus and method for economically measuring physical properties of an object where the measurement path is at least semi-translucent to light, such as thicknesses in multilayered optical structures, group index of refraction, and distance to a surface. The apparatus includes a non-coherent light fiber interferometer and an optional coherent light fiber interferometer in association so as to share PZT fiber modulators. Thickness and boundary extent measurements can be made, for example, of solids, liquids, liquids moving along a horizontal plane, or liquids flowing down a plane.

A method and apparatus for detecting leaks and mechanical faults by way of an ultrasonic device. An output from a variable gain amplifier is supplied to a pair of heterodyning circuits, i.e., a dual heterodyning circuit. At each respective heterodyning circuit, the output signal from the variable gain amplifier is multiplied by a local oscillator that is internal to each circuit. The dual heterodyning circuit is used to provide an enhanced input transducer signal for spectral analysis. This permits the capture of low level frequency components for extraction during spectral analysis. The dual heterodyning circuit of the present invention to provide the enhanced spectrum to thereby permit an easy determination of whether the resonance is mechanical or electrical becomes clear. In addition, fault frequencies are also more easily discernable. In other words, the enhanced signal output provides a lower signal to noise ratio such that the ease with which frequency components are analyzed is increased.

A method is described by which two, asymmetrically configured sensors, one being panchromatic and the other recording color, may be employed in a digital camera so as to exceed the performance, in terms of signal-to-noise ratio, resolution, and dynamic range, and with regard to visual perception, of a single sensor of the same approximate size.

The invention relates to an arrangement method of a photosensitive composite dielectric gate MOSFET (Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor) detector. Each unit detector has a structure that N-shaped semiconductor regions are respectively arranged at both upper sides of a P-shaped semiconductor material of a substrate, two insulated dielectric material layers and a control grid electrode are respectively arranged over the substrate, a photoelectron storage layer is arranged between the two insulated dielectric material layers, the second insulated dielectric in contact with the control grid is made of a material preventing charges stored in the photoelectron storage layer from flowing into the grid electrode, a source electrode and a drain electrode are in suspended structures when photoelectrons are collected and stored to the photoelectron storage layer, the first insulated dielectric is a bottom dielectric and adopts silica, SiON or other dielectric materials with high dielectric constants, the second insulated dielectric layer is made from a top dielectric and adopts silica/silicon nitride/silica, silica, alumina or other dielectric materials with high dielectric constants, and the substrate layer or the grid electrode surface is provided with at least one transparent or semi-transparent window for detecting the wavelength of the detector.

In a duplex radio link wherein digital data information from a data interface is transmitted from a local terminal to a remote terminal over fading dispersive channels, a method and transceiver are described that provide for transmission at an adaptive data rate. The transmission is at a constant symbol rate so that the signal bandwidth can be fixed and at the remote terminal receiver the input sampling rate can be fixed. The digital data information is transmitted over a constant data rate interval in accordance with a selected data rate mode that is a function of direct sequence spreading gain, error correction code rate, and signal constellation type. The data rate is adapted by selecting a data rate mode that is a function of the arrival rate of data packets from the data interface and a link quality measure fed back from the remote terminal. The data packet arrival rate is controlled as a function of the link quality measure and the current data packet arrival rate. In systems with multiple transmit diversity channels, independent data is sent over each of the transmit diversity channels. The adaptive data rate technique utilizes both orthogonal transmit diversities such as frequency and troposcatter polarization diversity as well as nonorthogonal transmit diversities in a Multiple-input Multiple-Output (MIMO) configuration. A single antenna troposcatter link using angle diversity and adaptation of data rate by feedback communications is described. In an idealized feedback communication example, the single antenna system in a Ku-band application is shown to have 15.5 times the data rate capability of a conventional two-antenna system at S-band.

A digitally controlled oscillator circuit is provided that comprises a ring oscillator including multiple inverters; multiple digitally controlled capacitors (DCCs), each coupled to apply a digitally controllable amount of capacitance to an output of a different one of the inverters; and control circuitry operable to change an amount of capacitance applied to each inverter during operation of the ring oscillator and to cause the multiple DCCs to apply substantially the same amounts of capacitance to each of the inverter throughout operation of the ring oscillator.

A method and apparatus for sectorizing coverage of a cellular communications area includes providing a remote unit having microcell antenna units. Each microcell antenna unit is configured to cover a particular sector. The remote unit is connected to a sectorized base station unit which is connected to a mobile telecommunications switching office. Separate digitized streams representative of telephone signals received from the mobile telecommunications switching office are generated corresponding to the microcell antenna units and the separate digitized streams are multiplexed and transmitted to the remote unit. The remote unit demultiplexes the multiplexed digitized streams into the separate digitized streams corresponding to the microcell antenna units and the separate digitized streams are converted to RF signals for coverage of a particular sector by the corresponding microcell antenna unit. Separate digitized streams are separately generated for each microcell antenna unit representative of RF signals received at the microcell antenna unit for a particular sector. The separately generated digitized streams are multiplexed at the remote unit and transmitted to the sectorized base station unit. At the sectorized base station unit, the multiplexed digitized streams are demultiplexed into the separate digitized streams corresponding to microcell antenna units and the separate digitized streams are converted to RF signals for provision to the mobile telecommunications switching office. Diversity at the remote units is also provided.

The present invention is a hybrid RF-digital signal processor-based filter for multiband radio architectures systems capable of spectrum re-farming and software defined radios. It performs low-loss frequency agile multiple notch filtering at RF where a large dynamic range exists at a filter input between signals in a stopband and passband. It is a frequency dependent signal attenuation apparatus having two paths connected together by directional couplers. The first path comprising a component such as a delay component or duplexer. The second path comprising a bandstop filter connected to a down converter, a digital filter, and an up converter. At the output of a power amplifier, the invention can be used to attenuate spurs, or noise within bands with strict emission constraints. At the input of a low noise amplifier, the invention can be used to attenuate blockers and transmitter noise outside of the receiver passband.

The invention discloses a resonance-force balance capacitance type three-axis acceleration transducer and a manufacture method thereof, belonging to the field of microelectro mechanical systems. The resonance-force balance capacitance type three-axis acceleration transducer is structurally characterized by comprising an intermediate silicon sheet (1), an upper cover plate (2) and a lower bottom plate (3), wherein the intermediate silicon sheet (1) comprises a dual-end clamped beam resonators (4), a mass block (6), a support beam (5), a movable electrode (7) and a frame (8). The resonance-force balance capacitance type three-axis acceleration transducer is characterized in that an X axis and a Y axis acceleration signals in a chip plane are detected by adopting the dual-end clamped beam resonator (4) on the aspect of detection principle, the change of the resonance frequency of the dual-end clamped beam resonator (4) reflects the size and the direction of acceleration; and a Z axis acceleration signal in a vertical chip plane is detected by adopting a capacitance type sensitivity principle, and works in a closed loop force balance working mode. The mass block (6) has little motion displacement in the normal of a chip, and the Z axis input acceleration signal has little chiasma interference caused by detection of X axis and Y axis accelerations.

The invention relates to an imaging spectral system based on compressed sensing and Hadamard transformation. The imaging spectral system comprises a telescope unit, an imaging lens, a first expanded beam collimating lens, a first digital micro-reflector, a camera, a concave surface collimation reflector, a light splitting optical grating, a first convergent lens, a second digital micro-reflector, a second convergent lens, a light combining optical grating, a third convergent lens, a point detector, a Hadamard inverse transformation module and a compression calculation association module.

Provided is a thin film transistor which can be made at a low temperature and display high field effect mobility. The thin film transistor comprises an active layer having oxide semiconductor layer. The active layer (12) comprises a first area A1 having a first electronic appetency X1 along the film thickness direction from the gate electrode side and a second area A2 of the second electronic appetency X2 smaller than the first electronic appetency X1, and forms a trap type potential employing the first area A1 as the trap layer and employing the second area A2 and the gate insulating film (15) as a barrier layer. In the invention, the active layer (12) is an oxide semiconductor layer composed of a (In2O3), b (Ga2O3), and c (ZnO), thereby making the b/ (a plus b) of the second area A2 greater than b /(a plus b) of the first area A1.