2704 results about "Large deformation" patented technology

Disclosed is a MEMS device which comprises at least one shape memory material such as a shape memory alloy (SMA) layer and at least one stressed material layer. Examples of such MEMS devices include an actuator, a micropump, a microvalve, or a non-destructive fuse-type connection probe. The device exhibits a variety of improved properties, for example, large deformation ability and high energy density. Also provided is a method of easily fabricating the MEMS device in the form of a cantilever-type or diaphragm-type structure.

The invention relates to the technical field of railway tunnel construction, specifically a digging method of IV and V-class surrounding rock railway tunnel with large cross section, aiming to solve the problems of the existing railway tunnel digging method including narrow operation space, low work efficiency, inflexible construction method, instable construction progress, high deformation potential of surrounding rock, and inconvenient operation. The method comprises performing leading support, digging arc-shaped pilot tunnel and preserving core soil; staggeredly digging left / right side walls of middle sidestep and preserving core soil; staggeredly digging left / right side walls of lower sidestep and preserving core soil; sequentially digging upper, middle and lower sidesteps and preserving core soil; and digging inverted arch and carrying out preliminary support. The invention has large construction space and high work efficiency, and can perform multi-job parallel operation. When the geologic conditions are changed, the invention can be flexibly and timely converted to other construction method. Preservation of core soil and left / right staggeredly digging are helpful to the stability of the digging working face. When the surrounding rock has large deformation, the invention can adjust closure time as soon as possible under the prerequisite of assuring safety and meeting requirements of clearance cross section.

The invention discloses a CFD (computational fluid dynamics) / CSD (circuit switch data) coupled solving nonlinear aeroelasticity simulation method, comprising: firstly, carrying out calculation initialization; then solving the CFD of unsteady aerodynamic force; converting boundary load information; solving the CSD of nonlinear structure dynamic response; judging whether to exist computation or notby taking the response of structural finite-element mesh point displacement as a convergence criteria; if not exiting, carrying out the dynamic mesh deformation of a flow field after the surface displacement information of a computation model is converted; and then, continuing to compute until the convergence criteria is satisfied, thus finishing computation. By means of the simulation method disclosed by the invention, the problem of pneumatic nonlinearity and structural nonlinearity coupling and the problem of geometric large deformation dynamic mesh can be solved; and the simulation methoddisclosed by the invention can be applied on the nonlinear aeroelasticity analysis of aerospace aircrafts and the nonlinear aeroelasticity analysis of civil high-rise buildings and bridges.

The invention discloses a quick supporting method for large-deformation roadway easy to fall, break and loosen and an apparatus thereof. The method comprises the following steps of: (1) clearing away the loose stones on the wall of the surrounding rock of the roadway; (2) hanging a reinforcing steel bar mesh along the digging outline of the roadway and initially spraying one thin concrete layer; (3) arranging an anchor rod in the drill hole of the roadway wall; (4) arranging a side-wall steel grating arch to support the surrounding rock of the side wall; (5) arranging a top-supporting steel grating arch, touching the top and supporting the upper surrounding rock; (6) clearing away the floating slag at the bottom of the roadway, arranging a steel grating arch of the inverted arch, supporting and sealing the system into a ring; (7) carrying out the cement injection construction on the anchor rod; (8) welding the exposed part of the cement injected anchor rod on the steel grating arch to form a whole structure; and (9) multi-spraying concrete or steel fiber concrete along the roadway wall. The apparatus comprises an anchor rod, a side-wall steel grating arch, a steel grating arch of top arch, a steel grating arch of inverted arch, and a concrete spray layer of reinforcing steel bar. The invention has the advantage of remarkable support effect, simple method and convenient operation and solves the problem that the bracket and the surrounding rock are not adhered tightly.

Use of Pb-free solder has become essential due to the environmental problem. A power module is formed by soldering substrates with large areas. It is known that in Sn-3Ag-0.5Cu which hardly creeps and deforms with respect to large deformation followed by warpage of the substrate, life is significantly shortened with respect to the temperature cycle test, and the conventional module structure is in the situation having difficulty in securing high reliability. Thus, the present invention has an object to select compositions from which increase in life can be expected at a low strain rate. In Sn solder, by doping In by 3 to 7% and Ag by 2 to 4.5%, the effect of delaying crack development at a low strain rate is found out, and as a representative composition stable at a high temperature, Sn-3Ag-0.5Cu-5In is selected. Further, for enhancement of reliability, a method for partially coating a solder end portion with a resin is shown.

A sputtering target and a backing plate are diffusion-bonded with or without an insert or inserts interposed there-between so as to have a solid phase diffusion-bonded interface. The sputtering target substantially maintains its metallurgical characteristic and properties even though it has been diffusion-bonded to the backing plate. The solid-diffusion bonding of the target and backing plate, is achieved at a low temperature and pressure and results in interdiffusion of constituent atoms to attain high adhesion and bond strength without attendant deterioration or large deformation of the target material, while inhibiting the crystal growth in the target material. The bond undergoes no abrupt decrease in bond strength upon elevation of the service temperature. One hundred percent bonding is achieved with non-bonded portions such as pores left along the interface.

The invention relates to a total-section closed type deep-shallow coupling yielding, bolting-grouting and supporting method for an incompact and fractured soft-rock roadway. On the basis of a multilayered cooperative supporting principle, a spraying net combined isolating arch, an anchor rod extruding reinforcing arch, a total-section closed type grouting reinforcing ring and a deep slurry diffusion reinforcing arch are respectively formed on surrounding rock of the roadway from shallow to deep finally, and are combined to form a multilayered effective combined arch by a suspension effect of a high-strength grouting anchor cable, advantages of yielding supporting, bolting-grouting supporting and deep-shallow coupling supporting are combined organically, bearing range, integrity and bearing capability of a supporting structure are improved obviously, a control effect on deformation characteristics of large deformation, high speed, long duration, wide destroying range, peripheral pressing, obvious floor heaves and the like of the surrounding rock of the incompact and fractured soft-rock roadway is excellent, and various deformations of the surrounding rock of the incompact and fractured soft-rock roadway are controlled effectively. The total-section closed type deep-shallow coupling yielding, bolting-grouting and supporting method is particularly suitable for a large-section incompact and fractured soft-rock roadway of a deep well, is simple in work procedures and low in cost, and has high field promotion and application value; and parallel operation can be realized.

The invention discloses a dual channel microwave power detection system based on a microelectronic mechanical microwave power sensor and a preparation method thereof. The system has the advantages of simple structure, large measurement range and no direct current power consumption. The system is based on a gallium arsenide substrate. A coplanar waveguide transmission line (A), a thermoelectric MEMS microwave power sensor (B) and an MEMS clamped beam capacitor type microwave power sensor (C) are designed on the substrate. When the power of a microwave signal is small, the thermoelectric MEMS microwave power sensor carries out detection according to the one-to-one corresponding relationship between the thermopile output voltage and the microwave power. When the power of the microwave signal is large, the MEMS clamped beam capacitor type microwave power sensor carries out detection. A square mass block is designed on an MEMS clamped beam above the coplanar waveguide transmission line. The area with the coplanar waveguide transmission line is increased, and at the same time the weight of the center position of the MEMS clamped beam is increased. Static power is more likely to cause large deformation of the MEMS clamped beam, and the system sensitivity is improved.

The invention discloses a high ground stress soft rock stress-relief construction method which comprises the following steps: A. anchor shotcreting constructing, tagging the anchor shotcreting constructing with heading, and eliminating dangerous rock; B. cystosepiment hanging, carrying out hanging construction on polystyrene cystosepiment; C. inverted arch excavating and U shape steel spanning, lining tunnel to a ring, and carrying out re-spraying with shotcrete on clearance of steel racks; D. inverted arch backfilling, carrying out construction of a waterproof barrier layer after completing spanning of the U shape steel so as to conserve concrete; E. waterproof barrier layer constructing, carrying out waterproof barrier layer constructing when the convergence rate of tunnel is stabilized;F. secondary lining constructing, carrying out secondary lining constructing when the waterproof barrier layer constructing is completed; and G. prestress anchor line constructing, determining a holesite of an anchor line and the drilling direction through field lofting, and clearing the location of the hole site. The construction method has obvious effect for controlling large deformation of the soft rock with the high ground stress, is simple and convenient, and has the advantages of simple operation, obvious effect and relatively low cost.

The invention relates to a method for preventing and treating large deformation and collapse of a softrock tunnel, which comprises the following steps: tunneling molding or enlarging a tunnel; primarily spraying the first layer of concrete, and hanging a side net and a top net at the first layer of concrete; arranging a constant-resistance large deformation rock bolt; multiply spraying the second layer of concrete; arranging a constant-resistance large deformation anchor cable on the top plate; digging and laying the first layer of base plate concrete; hanging a layer of backing screen on the first layer of base plate concrete, and arranging a base angle anchor rod at the base angle; laying the second layer of base plate concrete onto the grade level; setting a long-term ground pressure monitoring point, if the tunnel deforms to a certain preset valve, carrying out secondary support at the key position of the tunnel and carrying out pressurization and slip casting on surrounding rock. The invention can well ensure the stability of softrock tunnel under the condition of large deformation, in addition, the invention has the advantages of simple and practicable implement and lower cost.

The invention belongs to construction field and relates to a self-resetting frame joint. The self-resetting frame joint comprises a concrete beam (1) and a concrete column (2). The concrete beam (1) and the concrete column (2) are connected through an unbonded low-relaxation prestressed steel strand (3) and an angle steel (9), a third steel pate (8) is disposed at the ends of the concrete beam (1), a first steel plate (5) is disposed on the place of the concrete column (2) near the beam side, a second steel plate (7) is disposed on the place of the concrete column (2) facing away from the beam side, and the unbonded low-relaxation prestressed steel strand (3) passing through the third steel pate (8) of beam ends and the first steel plate (5) of the column side is anchored in the outer side of the second steel plate (7) of the column side through an anchorage (10). The concrete beam (1) and the concrete column (2)are respectively connected with the angle steel (9) through a screw (4) and a nut (5), and the first steel plate (5) contacts with the third steel plate (8). The self-resetting frame joint has the advantages of stable structure under small earthquakes, large deformation structure with no damage under strong earthquakes, and self-resetting structure after earthquakes.

Systems and methods are disclosed that can provide estimates of elasto-plastic properties of material samples using data from instrumented indentation tests. Alternatively, or in addition, estimated load-depth curves can be constructed by certain methods and systems provided based on known mechanical properties. Some disclosed systems and methods use large deformation theory for at least part of the analysis and / or determinations and / or may account for strains of at least 5% in the area of contact between the indenter and the material sample, which can result in more accurate estimates of mechanical properties and / or deformation behavior.

A method for controlling high mine pressure of an open-air roadway by hydraulic fracturing comprises the following steps of determining a hard rock stratum of a roof according to a geological information bar chart of a coal face; designing a control drilling hole; respectively controlling abutment supporting pressure and lateral supporting pressure; slotting or slitting in the bottom of the hole after hole drilling construction is finished so as to achieve the purpose of directional fracturing; applying a hydraulic fracturing process; and weakening the hard roof or cutting off the hard roof along a directional fracturing slot of the drilling hole so as to transfer stress or weaken surrounding rock and reduce the lateral supporting pressure and the abutment supporting pressure of the open-air roadway. A weakening zone in the surrounding rock can effectively absorb or weaken impact stress waves; a dynamic disaster of rock burst caused by the reason that the hard roof cracks suddenly is avoided; and large deformation of the open-air roadway is controlled. The method for controlling the high mine pressure of the open-air roadway by hydraulic fracturing is not only applicable to controlling the high mine pressure of the open-air roadway with the coal face with the hard roof, but also is applicable to controlling the high mine pressure of the roadway of which a work face is in tunnelling crossing with a work face of an adjacent roadway during mining. Moreover, the method is simple, effective, safe and reliable, and is low in cost.

The invention provides a construction method for a soft rock deformation tunnel lining support dismantling-replacing arch. One-time whole section integral dismantling and replacing of a lining support is achieved. The construction method has the advantages that before dismantling and replacing, a lining which loses bearing capacity is subjected to grouting reinforcement treatment first, then a temporary cover arch is additionally arranged outside for reinforcement, and afterwards, the lining support is dismantled step by step, so that potential safety hazards caused by dismantling or removing of a temporary platform frame are avoided, and some security risks are avoided effectively. According to the construction method, the construction difficult problem of soft rock large deformation occurs during construction of a tunnel in special and complex geology is solved. Through the created novel construction method, the construction difficult problem of second lining cracking deformation needing remediation due to weak surrounding rock large deformation is solved. Through the construction method, safe, fast and economic treatment and remediation of the lining support and arch replacing construction are achieved, and the tunnel structure stability and construction safety are ensured effectively.

The invention relates to a method for producing an X80 grade large deformation resistant pipeline steel medium plate. The economic component design with low carbon is adopted to perform controlling and rolling stages on ingot, namely rolling the grain refined zone and the non grain refined zone. The method comprises: firstly, air cooling and relaxing after finished rolling is performed so that the temperature of a steel plate before entering water and cooled is reduced below the phase change point Ar3 between 30 and 50 DEG C, and 50 to 70 percent of austenite in the relaxing process is converted into proeutectoid ferrite; and secondly, laminar flow cooling is performed on the steel plate within the range of the cooling speed between 20 and 35 DEG C per second, the finished cooling temperature is controlled within the range of between 250 and 400 DEG C; and in the water cooling process, the remaining austenite is converted into bainite structure, and proeutectoid ferrite + bainite double-phase structure is obtained. The intensity and the plasticity index of the finished product satisfy the following requirements: the yield strength Rt0.5 is 530 to 630MPa, the intensity of tension Rm is 625 to 825 MPa, the yield ratio Rt0.5 / Rm is less than or equal to 0.80, and the homogeneous deformation tensile stretch UEL is more than or equal to 10 percent.

The invention discloses a soft rock large-deformation tunnel supporting system and a construction method thereof. The system comprises a forepoling, a preliminary bracing, a waterproof layer, a secondary lining and other main structures, wherein the structures are constructed in sequence according to construction procedures. Surrounding rock is reinforced through advanced small pipe grouting by means of the forepoling, the preliminary bracing comprises lengthened anchor rods, a primary spraying layer, steel arches and a re-jetting layer, feet-lock bolts are further arranged at the positions of an upper bench and arch feet to be welded to the steel arches, the adjacent steel arches are connected through longitudinal connecting ribs, and the secondary lining is constructed at last to form the supporting system. The steps are simple and linked with one another, supporting lag caused by idling of labor force is avoided, and large-deformation of tunnels is well controlled.

The invention discloses a turnout zone and non-turnout zone transition section structure for a medium and low speed magnetic levitation low implantation line. The transition section structure comprises non-turnout zone reinforced concrete rafts, turnout zone reinforced concrete rafts, reinforced concrete turnout beam strip foundation, composite foundation of a plurality of rigid piles, a plurality of reinforced concrete cast-in-situ bored piles, a non-turnout zone bearing-trail beam, boss stoppers, a non-turnout zone bearing-trail beam overlapping platform, a non-turnout zone bearing-trail beam lower trapezoidal fill body, a low implantation line bearing-trail beam lower foundation and a non-turnout zone bearing-trail beam outside subgrade filling. According to the transition section structure disclosed by the invention, the condition that extremely large deformation of the turnout beam is caused in the rotating process due to insufficient stiffness of the foundation can be avoided, and the requirements of the turnout beam on the basement strength and stability of the foundation are met.

The invention relates to a three-truss main girder structure of a highway and railway bi-purpose cable-stayed bridge and an installation method thereof, relating to the technologies of designing and constructing a heavy load and long span highway and railway bi-purpose cable-stayed bridge. The structure of three main trusses comprises a middle truss piece and side truss pieces arranged on both sides of the middle truss piece, wherein an orthotropic slab and a transverse bracing truss are arranged between the upper edges of the middle truss piece and each side truss piece, and a railroad transverse girder, a railroad longitudinal girder and a horizontal bracing cross bridging are arranged between the lower edges of the middle truss piece and each side truss piece; and the invention provides the installation method adopting adaptive pre-splicing of multiple truss-sections, arrangement of temporary constructional rod pieces, integral lifting of each truss section and multi-node simultaneous alignment. The invention has the beneficial effects of: 1. pushing the highway and railway bi-purpose cable-stayed bridge to develop towards the direction of large span and heavy loading, 2. improving the installation efficiency and quality, 3. reducing the quantity of welding lines of construction sites, 4. innovatively practicing the multi-point simultaneous butt joint technology, 5. adopting the temporary rod pieces for solving the problems of unstability and large deformation in the processes of delivering and lifting the truss sections, 6. strengthening the adaptability of adjacent truss sections, and 7. solving the problems of inconsistent deformation of the middle and the side trusses and inconsistent centre-of-gravity positions of the truss sections.

A novel algorithmic framework is presented for the simulation of hyperelastic soft tissues that drastically improves each aspect discussed above compared to existing techniques. The approach is robust to large deformation (even inverted configurations) and extremely stable by virtue of careful treatment of linearization. Additionally, a new multigrid approach is presented to efficiently support hundreds of thousands of degrees of freedom (rather than the few thousands typical of existing techniques) in a production environment. Furthermore, these performance and robustness improvements are guaranteed in the presence of both collision and quasistatic / implicit time stepping techniques. The result is a significant advance in the applicability of hyperelastic simulation to skeleton driven character skinning.

A mining area surface subsidence synthetic aperture radar interferometry monitoring and calculating method belongs to mining area surface subsidence monitoring and calculating method. The method comprises the following steps: having format conversion, calibration, pre-filtering and interference to interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) data to obtain an InSAR interference phase, eliminating flat ground effect, an terrain phase and orbit errors of the interference phase by means of precise orbit data and an external dynamic effect model (DEM), obtaining phase values which only contain deformation information of a ground surface after filtering to residual phases, on the condition of large deformation gradient, through phase unwrapping, obtaining deflection of the edge of a mining subsidence basin, fusing the deflection with a few ground measured data, reversely deducing probability integral method parameters of the subsidence basin through a genetic algorithm, calculating sinking values of an arbitrary point of the whole surface subsidence basin through required probability integral method parameters and geological mining data, and therefore mining subsidence deformation field is produced. The mining area surface subsidence synthetic aperture radar interferometry monitoring and calculating method has the advantages of being high in monitoring accuracy, large in monitoring range, convenient to operate, low in cost and large in technical content.

The invention discloses a device and a method for monitoring displacement deformation of a sliding surface of a landslip. The device comprises a slope measuring pipe positioned under the ground and more than one obliquity angle sensor positioned inside the slope measuring pipe; and the device also comprises a large-deformation measurement system which corresponds to each obliquity angle sensor one by one; the large-deformation measurement system comprises a steel wire rope, a pulley, a coding sensor and a counter weight, wherein one end of the steel wire rope and the corresponding obliquity angle sensor are positioned at the same depth measuring position; the steel wire rope is wound around the pulley on a bracket; the other end of the steel wire rope is connected with the counter weight; and the coding sensor is fixed at the center of the pulley. Aiming at the defects of the conventional landslip drilling for measuring the slope displacement, the invention provides automatic monitoring equipment which is relatively low in construction cost and can monitor and describe the whole process of the sliding surface of the landslip from deformation to destabilization, and the measurement requirement can be met due to the measurement accuracy.

The invention discloses a steel-coal-seam long wall face non-pillar coal mining method. The method comprises the steps of (1) excavating an upper crossheading roadway and a lower crosshead roadway; (2) mounting a constant-resistance large-deformation anchor rod, processing a row of vertical energy-gathering blasting holes, and implementing blasting and presplitting; (3) erecting a column body for supporting a top plate, and arranging a protective layer on the back of the column body; and (4) carrying out recovery, slipping the top plate of a recovery face along a presplitting kerf; (5) withdrawing the column, hanging a net and spraying concrete to form a support layer; (6) mounting a slip-casting constant-resistance long anchor rod, and grouting; (7) forming a roadway automatically in the original crosshead roadway and taking the roadway as the upper crosshead roadway of the next mining face; and (8) repeating the steps (2)-(7). According to the method, the top plate at a worked out section collapses along the presplitting kerf, and meanwhile, a lower crosshead top plate is prevented from being damaged, and small caving waste rocks are prevented from entering the lower crosshead roadway, so that the roadway is automatically formed in the original crosshead roadway.

The invention relates to an anti-explosion impact polyurea coating and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the field of coating compositions. The anti-explosion impact polyurea coating comprises two components A and B, wherein the component A is a semi-prepolymer component obtained by reacting 40 to 60 parts of isocyanate, 40 to 60 parts of polyester polyol and 1 to 10 parts of graphene paste; the component B comprises 10 to 30 parts of a chain extender, 15 to 30 parts of polyether polyol, 40 to 60 parts of amino-terminated polyether, 1 to 10 parts of graphene paste, a pigment and a trace amount of an auxiliary. The polyurea coating has the performance of strong physical strength, high shear resistance, high strength retention under high-speed impact and high-speed large deformation, high low-temperature flexibility and the like, and is applicable to an anti-explosion place.

The invention relates to a biomedical beta-titanium alloy material and a preparation method, and belongs to the technical field of preparation of titanium alloy materials with high niobium content. The alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 30-40 percent of Nb, 5-15 percent of Zr, 1-10 percent of Sn, 0.1 and 0.3 percent of O and the balance of Ti. The titanium alloy has high comprehensive performance, and the strength and the elastic modulus of the alloy can be modulated and controlled by different heat treatment processes; the elastic modulus E of the alloy is 40-68GPa; the yield strength sigma 0.2 is 580-800MPa; the tensile strength sigma b is 750-1120MPa; the elongation ratio epsilon is 12-48 percent; and the section shrinking percentage is 36-65 percent. The titanium alloy does not contain toxic elements, has excellent corrosion resistance, biocompatibility and cold treating performance, and can perform cold rolling in a large deformation amount. The titanium alloy is wide in use, so that the titanium alloy can be used for manufacturing tissue recovery or replacement materials of a human body of mouth rehabilitation, artificial bone, joint prosthesis and the like, and also can be used for manufacturing machines in sports and industry.

An electronic equipment is capable of improving falling down shock resistance or impact resistance in an electronic equipment and of improving reliability of a solder joint in a semiconductor device die-bonded Si chip or the like to which thermal shock causing large deformation may act, bump mounting of BGA, CSP, WPP, flip-chip and so forth, a power module acting large stress and so forth. The electronic equipment has a circuit board and an electronic parts to be electrically connected to an electrode of the circuit board. The electrode of the circuit board and an electrode of the electronic part are connected by soldering using a lead free solder consisted of Cu: 0~2.0 mass %, In: 0.1~10 mass %, and Sn: remaining amount.

The invention provides a geometric nonlinear static aeroelasticity analysis method based on a structure reduced-order model. The method includes: building an aircraft wing or full-aircraft finite element model, presetting follow-up test load, and using finite element software to solve corresponding test deformation; under a given nonlinear rigidity coefficient form, performing regression analysison the follow-up test load and the test deformation to solve a nonlinear rigidity coefficient and built the structure reduced-order model; applying the structure reduced-order model to aircraft geometric nonlinear static aeroelasticity analysis, and building aircraft wing geometric nonlinear static aeroelasticity deformation calculation flow and full-aircraft geometric nonlinear static aeroelasticity trim analysis flow. The method has the advantages that the cubic polynomial nonlinear rigidity coefficient is given, an aerodynamic force follow-up effect and extension-direction deformation underaircraft wing geometric nonlinear large deformation are considered, the reasonability and accuracy of geometric nonlinear static aeroelasticity analysis are increased, and efficient analysis and calculation of geometric nonlinear static aeroelasticity deformation and trim are benefited.

A real-time simulation method and system for large deformations is provided. Green's nonlinear strain tensor accurately models large deformations. Modal analysis based on a linear strain tensor has been shown to be suitable for real-time simulation, but is accurate only for moderately small deformations. In the present invention, the rotational component of an infinitesimal deformation is identified, and traditional linear modal analysis is extended to track that component. And the invention develops a procedure to integrate the small rotations occurring at the nodal points. An interesting feature of the formulation is that it can implement both position and orientation constraints in a straightforward manner. These constraints can be used to interactively manipulate the shape of a deformable solid by dragging / twisting a set of nodes. Experiments show that the technique runs in real-time even for a complex model, and that it can simulate large bending and / or twisting deformations with acceptable realism.

A large-deformation flexible strain sensor and a preparation method thereof belong to the technical field of sensors. The strain sensor comprises a sensitive material layer, a flexible support layer, and electrodes. The sensitive material layer adopts a graphene porous membrane material, and the flexible support layer is distributed in the upper surface, low surface and holes of the graphene porous membrane material. The flexible support layer is used for coating the sensitive material layer and the electrodes and providing elastic deformation of the device under stress. As the sensitive material of the invention is a graphene porous membrane material which has a very thin hole wall and can produce cracks under small strain, the resistance changes quickly, and high sensitivity is achieved. On the other hand, the porous structure provides more conductive paths, which can ensure that the sensor can work normally under large strain. According to the preparation method provided by the invention, graphene porous membranes are evenly batch-produced in a large area by use of a scraper coating method, which can reduce the production cost and ensure the repeatability and reliability of the sensor device.

The invention relates to a tunnel supporting structure and a construction method of the tunnel supporting structure, and provides a tunnel supporting structure used for a large deformation stratum. An inner-layer primary support is arranged between a primary support and a secondary lining of the tunnel supporting structure. The construction method includes the steps that when deformation of the primary support reaches variable deformation, the inner-layer primary support is constructed, otherwise, the inner-layer primary support is not constructed, and the secondary lining is constructed according to the practical inner outline of the primary support or the inner-layer primary support. The primary support and the inner-layer primary support are matched, supporting to surrounding rock is initially flexible and then rigid and is initially released and then resisted, active adaptation to deformation of the surrounding rock is achieved, permanent supporting to the surrounding rock is achieved through a strong support formed by the primary support, the inner-layer primary support and the secondary lining, accordingly, the aim of supporting the large deformation stratum can be effectively achieved, and the stability and the safety performance during the running period of a tunnel can be guaranteed.