2697 results about "Large deformation" patented technology

Disclosed is a MEMS device which comprises at least one shape memory material such as a shape memory alloy (SMA) layer and at least one stressed material layer. Examples of such MEMS devices include an actuator, a micropump, a microvalve, or a non-destructive fuse-type connection probe. The device exhibits a variety of improved properties, for example, large deformation ability and high energy density. Also provided is a method of easily fabricating the MEMS device in the form of a cantilever-type or diaphragm-type structure.

The invention relates to the technical field of railway tunnel construction, specifically a digging method of IV and V-class surrounding rock railway tunnel with large cross section, aiming to solve the problems of the existing railway tunnel digging method including narrow operation space, low work efficiency, inflexible construction method, instable construction progress, high deformation potential of surrounding rock, and inconvenient operation. The method comprises performing leading support, digging arc-shaped pilot tunnel and preserving core soil; staggeredly digging left/right side walls of middle sidestep and preserving core soil; staggeredly digging left/right side walls of lower sidestep and preserving core soil; sequentially digging upper, middle and lower sidesteps and preserving core soil; and digging inverted arch and carrying out preliminary support. The invention has large construction space and high work efficiency, and can perform multi-job parallel operation. When the geologic conditions are changed, the invention can be flexibly and timely converted to other construction method. Preservation of core soil and left/right staggeredly digging are helpful to the stability of the digging working face. When the surrounding rock has large deformation, the invention can adjust closure time as soon as possible under the prerequisite of assuring safety and meeting requirements of clearance cross section.

The invention discloses a CFD (computational fluid dynamics)/CSD (circuit switch data) coupled solving nonlinear aeroelasticity simulation method, comprising: firstly, carrying out calculation initialization; then solving the CFD of unsteady aerodynamic force; converting boundary load information; solving the CSD of nonlinear structure dynamic response; judging whether to exist computation or notby taking the response of structural finite-element mesh point displacement as a convergence criteria; if not exiting, carrying out the dynamic mesh deformation of a flow field after the surface displacement information of a computation model is converted; and then, continuing to compute until the convergence criteria is satisfied, thus finishing computation. By means of the simulation method disclosed by the invention, the problem of pneumatic nonlinearity and structural nonlinearity coupling and the problem of geometric large deformation dynamic mesh can be solved; and the simulation methoddisclosed by the invention can be applied on the nonlinear aeroelasticity analysis of aerospace aircrafts and the nonlinear aeroelasticity analysis of civil high-rise buildings and bridges.

The invention discloses a quick supporting method for large-deformation roadway easy to fall, break and loosen and an apparatus thereof. The method comprises the following steps of: (1) clearing away the loose stones on the wall of the surrounding rock of the roadway; (2) hanging a reinforcing steel bar mesh along the digging outline of the roadway and initially spraying one thin concrete layer; (3) arranging an anchor rod in the drill hole of the roadway wall; (4) arranging a side-wall steel grating arch to support the surrounding rock of the side wall; (5) arranging a top-supporting steel grating arch, touching the top and supporting the upper surrounding rock; (6) clearing away the floating slag at the bottom of the roadway, arranging a steel grating arch of the inverted arch, supporting and sealing the system into a ring; (7) carrying out the cement injection construction on the anchor rod; (8) welding the exposed part of the cement injected anchor rod on the steel grating arch to form a whole structure; and (9) multi-spraying concrete or steel fiber concrete along the roadway wall. The apparatus comprises an anchor rod, a side-wall steel grating arch, a steel grating arch of top arch, a steel grating arch of inverted arch, and a concrete spray layer of reinforcing steel bar. The invention has the advantage of remarkable support effect, simple method and convenient operation and solves the problem that the bracket and the surrounding rock are not adhered tightly.

Use of Pb-free solder has become essential due to the environmental problem. A power module is formed by soldering substrates with large areas. It is known that in Sn-3Ag-0.5Cu which hardly creeps and deforms with respect to large deformation followed by warpage of the substrate, life is significantly shortened with respect to the temperature cycle test, and the conventional module structure is in the situation having difficulty in securing high reliability. Thus, the present invention has an object to select compositions from which increase in life can be expected at a low strain rate. In Sn solder, by doping In by 3 to 7% and Ag by 2 to 4.5%, the effect of delaying crack development at a low strain rate is found out, and as a representative composition stable at a high temperature, Sn-3Ag-0.5Cu-5In is selected. Further, for enhancement of reliability, a method for partially coating a solder end portion with a resin is shown.

A sputtering target and a backing plate are diffusion-bonded with or without an insert or inserts interposed there-between so as to have a solid phase diffusion-bonded interface. The sputtering target substantially maintains its metallurgical characteristic and properties even though it has been diffusion-bonded to the backing plate. The solid-diffusion bonding of the target and backing plate, is achieved at a low temperature and pressure and results in interdiffusion of constituent atoms to attain high adhesion and bond strength without attendant deterioration or large deformation of the target material, while inhibiting the crystal growth in the target material. The bond undergoes no abrupt decrease in bond strength upon elevation of the service temperature. One hundred percent bonding is achieved with non-bonded portions such as pores left along the interface.

The invention discloses a high ground stress soft rock stress-relief construction method which comprises the following steps: A. anchor shotcreting constructing, tagging the anchor shotcreting constructing with heading, and eliminating dangerous rock; B. cystosepiment hanging, carrying out hanging construction on polystyrene cystosepiment; C. inverted arch excavating and U shape steel spanning, lining tunnel to a ring, and carrying out re-spraying with shotcrete on clearance of steel racks; D. inverted arch backfilling, carrying out construction of a waterproof barrier layer after completing spanning of the U shape steel so as to conserve concrete; E. waterproof barrier layer constructing, carrying out waterproof barrier layer constructing when the convergence rate of tunnel is stabilized;F. secondary lining constructing, carrying out secondary lining constructing when the waterproof barrier layer constructing is completed; and G. prestress anchor line constructing, determining a holesite of an anchor line and the drilling direction through field lofting, and clearing the location of the hole site. The construction method has obvious effect for controlling large deformation of the soft rock with the high ground stress, is simple and convenient, and has the advantages of simple operation, obvious effect and relatively low cost.

The invention relates to a method for preventing and treating large deformation and collapse of a softrock tunnel, which comprises the following steps: tunneling molding or enlarging a tunnel; primarily spraying the first layer of concrete, and hanging a side net and a top net at the first layer of concrete; arranging a constant-resistance large deformation rock bolt; multiply spraying the second layer of concrete; arranging a constant-resistance large deformation anchor cable on the top plate; digging and laying the first layer of base plate concrete; hanging a layer of backing screen on the first layer of base plate concrete, and arranging a base angle anchor rod at the base angle; laying the second layer of base plate concrete onto the grade level; setting a long-term ground pressure monitoring point, if the tunnel deforms to a certain preset valve, carrying out secondary support at the key position of the tunnel and carrying out pressurization and slip casting on surrounding rock. The invention can well ensure the stability of softrock tunnel under the condition of large deformation, in addition, the invention has the advantages of simple and practicable implement and lower cost.

The invention belongs to construction field and relates to a self-resetting frame joint. The self-resetting frame joint comprises a concrete beam (1) and a concrete column (2). The concrete beam (1) and the concrete column (2) are connected through an unbonded low-relaxation prestressed steel strand (3) and an angle steel (9), a third steel pate (8) is disposed at the ends of the concrete beam (1), a first steel plate (5) is disposed on the place of the concrete column (2) near the beam side, a second steel plate (7) is disposed on the place of the concrete column (2) facing away from the beam side, and the unbonded low-relaxation prestressed steel strand (3) passing through the third steel pate (8) of beam ends and the first steel plate (5) of the column side is anchored in the outer side of the second steel plate (7) of the column side through an anchorage (10). The concrete beam (1) and the concrete column (2)are respectively connected with the angle steel (9) through a screw (4) and a nut (5), and the first steel plate (5) contacts with the third steel plate (8). The self-resetting frame joint has the advantages of stable structure under small earthquakes, large deformation structure with no damage under strong earthquakes, and self-resetting structure after earthquakes.

Systems and methods are disclosed that can provide estimates of elasto-plastic properties of material samples using data from instrumented indentation tests. Alternatively, or in addition, estimated load-depth curves can be constructed by certain methods and systems provided based on known mechanical properties. Some disclosed systems and methods use large deformation theory for at least part of the analysis and/or determinations and/or may account for strains of at least 5% in the area of contact between the indenter and the material sample, which can result in more accurate estimates of mechanical properties and/or deformation behavior.

The invention discloses a deep well tunnel cable anchor rigid-flexible coupling support and surrounding rock overall reinforced support method which is characterized by firstly excavating a tunnel according to the shape of cross section of the tunnel, and spraying concrete on the surface of surrounding rocks of the cross section formed by excavation; adopting a steel bar mesh and a high-strength prestressed anchor for supporting the surrounding rocks of the tunnel in time; implementing high-strength prestressed anchor cables at the center and two spandrels at the top part of the tunnel; re-spraying the concrete on the surface of the surrounding rocks of the tunnel; mounting a grouting anchor pipe on a top plate and two side surrounding rocks of the tunnel after the tunnel is excavated for 15-20d, and injecting cement slurry into fracture regions of the surrounding rocks of the tunnel; excavating a baseplate of the tunnel after the tunnel is excavated for 25-30d, mounting the grouting anchor pipe, injecting cement slurry liquid into a rock layer of the baseplate; and finally using the concrete to backfill the baseplate of the tunnel flat. The method can solve the problems of large deformation of the deep well tunnel and serious floor heave, avoid the repair work of the tunnel and have significant economic benefits.

The invention provides a construction method for a soft rock deformation tunnel lining support dismantling-replacing arch. One-time whole section integral dismantling and replacing of a lining support is achieved. The construction method has the advantages that before dismantling and replacing, a lining which loses bearing capacity is subjected to grouting reinforcement treatment first, then a temporary cover arch is additionally arranged outside for reinforcement, and afterwards, the lining support is dismantled step by step, so that potential safety hazards caused by dismantling or removing of a temporary platform frame are avoided, and some security risks are avoided effectively. According to the construction method, the construction difficult problem of soft rock large deformation occurs during construction of a tunnel in special and complex geology is solved. Through the created novel construction method, the construction difficult problem of second lining cracking deformation needing remediation due to weak surrounding rock large deformation is solved. Through the construction method, safe, fast and economic treatment and remediation of the lining support and arch replacing construction are achieved, and the tunnel structure stability and construction safety are ensured effectively.

The invention relates to a method for producing an X80 grade large deformation resistant pipeline steel medium plate. The economic component design with low carbon is adopted to perform controlling and rolling stages on ingot, namely rolling the grain refined zone and the non grain refined zone. The method comprises: firstly, air cooling and relaxing after finished rolling is performed so that the temperature of a steel plate before entering water and cooled is reduced below the phase change point Ar3 between 30 and 50 DEG C, and 50 to 70 percent of austenite in the relaxing process is converted into proeutectoid ferrite; and secondly, laminar flow cooling is performed on the steel plate within the range of the cooling speed between 20 and 35 DEG C per second, the finished cooling temperature is controlled within the range of between 250 and 400 DEG C; and in the water cooling process, the remaining austenite is converted into bainite structure, and proeutectoid ferrite + bainite double-phase structure is obtained. The intensity and the plasticity index of the finished product satisfy the following requirements: the yield strength Rt0.5 is 530 to 630MPa, the intensity of tension Rm is 625 to 825 MPa, the yield ratio Rt0.5/Rm is less than or equal to 0.80, and the homogeneous deformation tensile stretch UEL is more than or equal to 10 percent.

A mining area surface subsidence synthetic aperture radar interferometry monitoring and calculating method belongs to mining area surface subsidence monitoring and calculating method. The method comprises the following steps: having format conversion, calibration, pre-filtering and interference to interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) data to obtain an InSAR interference phase, eliminating flat ground effect, an terrain phase and orbit errors of the interference phase by means of precise orbit data and an external dynamic effect model (DEM), obtaining phase values which only contain deformation information of a ground surface after filtering to residual phases, on the condition of large deformation gradient, through phase unwrapping, obtaining deflection of the edge of a mining subsidence basin, fusing the deflection with a few ground measured data, reversely deducing probability integral method parameters of the subsidence basin through a genetic algorithm, calculating sinking values of an arbitrary point of the whole surface subsidence basin through required probability integral method parameters and geological mining data, and therefore mining subsidence deformation field is produced. The mining area surface subsidence synthetic aperture radar interferometry monitoring and calculating method has the advantages of being high in monitoring accuracy, large in monitoring range, convenient to operate, low in cost and large in technical content.

The invention discloses a steel-coal-seam long wall face non-pillar coal mining method. The method comprises the steps of (1) excavating an upper crossheading roadway and a lower crosshead roadway; (2) mounting a constant-resistance large-deformation anchor rod, processing a row of vertical energy-gathering blasting holes, and implementing blasting and presplitting; (3) erecting a column body for supporting a top plate, and arranging a protective layer on the back of the column body; and (4) carrying out recovery, slipping the top plate of a recovery face along a presplitting kerf; (5) withdrawing the column, hanging a net and spraying concrete to form a support layer; (6) mounting a slip-casting constant-resistance long anchor rod, and grouting; (7) forming a roadway automatically in the original crosshead roadway and taking the roadway as the upper crosshead roadway of the next mining face; and (8) repeating the steps (2)-(7). According to the method, the top plate at a worked out section collapses along the presplitting kerf, and meanwhile, a lower crosshead top plate is prevented from being damaged, and small caving waste rocks are prevented from entering the lower crosshead roadway, so that the roadway is automatically formed in the original crosshead roadway.

The invention relates to an anti-explosion impact polyurea coating and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the field of coating compositions. The anti-explosion impact polyurea coating comprises two components A and B, wherein the component A is a semi-prepolymer component obtained by reacting 40 to 60 parts of isocyanate, 40 to 60 parts of polyester polyol and 1 to 10 parts of graphene paste; the component B comprises 10 to 30 parts of a chain extender, 15 to 30 parts of polyether polyol, 40 to 60 parts of amino-terminated polyether, 1 to 10 parts of graphene paste, a pigment and a trace amount of an auxiliary. The polyurea coating has the performance of strong physical strength, high shear resistance, high strength retention under high-speed impact and high-speed large deformation, high low-temperature flexibility and the like, and is applicable to an anti-explosion place.

A real-time simulation method and system for large deformations is provided. Green's nonlinear strain tensor accurately models large deformations. Modal analysis based on a linear strain tensor has been shown to be suitable for real-time simulation, but is accurate only for moderately small deformations. In the present invention, the rotational component of an infinitesimal deformation is identified, and traditional linear modal analysis is extended to track that component. And the invention develops a procedure to integrate the small rotations occurring at the nodal points. An interesting feature of the formulation is that it can implement both position and orientation constraints in a straightforward manner. These constraints can be used to interactively manipulate the shape of a deformable solid by dragging/twisting a set of nodes. Experiments show that the technique runs in real-time even for a complex model, and that it can simulate large bending and/or twisting deformations with acceptable realism.

A large-deformation flexible strain sensor and a preparation method thereof belong to the technical field of sensors. The strain sensor comprises a sensitive material layer, a flexible support layer, and electrodes. The sensitive material layer adopts a graphene porous membrane material, and the flexible support layer is distributed in the upper surface, low surface and holes of the graphene porous membrane material. The flexible support layer is used for coating the sensitive material layer and the electrodes and providing elastic deformation of the device under stress. As the sensitive material of the invention is a graphene porous membrane material which has a very thin hole wall and can produce cracks under small strain, the resistance changes quickly, and high sensitivity is achieved. On the other hand, the porous structure provides more conductive paths, which can ensure that the sensor can work normally under large strain. According to the preparation method provided by the invention, graphene porous membranes are evenly batch-produced in a large area by use of a scraper coating method, which can reduce the production cost and ensure the repeatability and reliability of the sensor device.