38 results about "Phase diffusion" patented technology

Phosphorus diffusion formed PN junction is setup on P type silicon chip. There is silicon nitride layer, or surface passivation layer of silica, reflection reducing coating and positive electrode on front face. Characters are that through P type punctual alloy diffusion zone, back metal layer of silicon chip constitutes ohmic contact. Preparing method includes steps: selecting P type chip; preparing knap surface and cleaning; forming PN junction through phosphorus diffusion; etching and corroding edges by using plasma; developing silicon nitride or silica at both sides; preparing point contacted dense P+ zone at back side through screen printing by using solid-solid phase diffusion or selective gaseous phase diffusion; printing and sintering electrode through screen printing; adding metal layer to full back side. The solar cell reaches indexes: open circuit voltage larger than 650mV, current density larger than 38mA/cm2, fill factor as 74úÑ-78úÑ and conversion efficiency 18úÑ-20úÑ.

A proton conducting fuel cell that includes an electrolyte having a proton conducting ceramic electrolyte and a two-phase diffusion membrane electrode contacting the electrolyte, where the electrode is substantially non-porous and permeable to hydrogen. Also, a method of generating molecular hydrogen from a proton conducting fuel cell having a positive and negative electrode in contact with a proton conducting ceramic electrolyte, including selectively extracting pure hydrogen from a hydrogen gas mixture, and electrolyzing water vapor at a positive electrode of the fuel cell to form molecular oxygen (O₂) and hydrogen ions, and reducing the hydrogen ions at a negative electrode of the fuel cell to form molecular hydrogen (H₂).

The invention provides a nano-refrigerant hydrate phase change cool-storage refrigerant and a preparation method thereof; surfactant is dissolved in water to prepare the water solution of the surfactant; subsequently, the refrigerant is dripped into the water solution of the surfactant and mixed till that the solution is changed from turbidity to brightness. According to the solubility of the surfactant in water and in the refrigerant, the surfactant can be dissolved in the water and can also be dissolved in the refrigerant. Under static state, the water phase and the refrigerant phase are uniformly mixed in microscopic scale to augment the two-phase diffusion interface, thus promoting the growth of the hydrate crystal. The system can lead the water phase and the refrigerant phase to be mixed uniformly without applying mixing, disturbing and external field; the refrigerant phase is dispersed in water in the form of micelle or (and) microemulsion; and alternatively, the water phase is dispersed in the refrigerant phase in the form of micelle or (and) microemulsion; the dripping size of the dispersing phase is 100nm or less. The hydrate phase change cool-storage refrigerant does not delaminate after being placed for a long time, is single-dispersion system with stable thermal-mechanics performance and has the appearance of transparent or semi-transparent solution.

The invention discloses a method for preparing an ultra-thin film through micro-phase diffusion control interface polymerization and belongs to the technical field of membrane separation. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, spraying a layer of an active amino monomer on a porous support, further spraying a layer of an active acyl chloride monomer, enabling the two components to react to generate a polyamide layer, and repeatedly spraying to generate multiple polyamide separation layers; soaking a prepared membrane into a glutaraldehyde solution, and performing a cross-linking reaction with unreacted amino to form an internal network structure, thereby improving the density grade and the structural stability of the membrane. The method is a novel interface polymerization method by dispersing a bulk phase reaction solution into micro droplets, converting bulk phase diffusion into micro phase diffusion and eliminating later diffusion process. Through a spraying atomization function, a reaction solution is dispersed into micron-order droplets, and the bulk phase diffusion is converted into micro phase diffusion. The sizes of the droplets are at a micron grade, and reaction monomers in the droplets can be completely reacted in the bulk phase diffusion process. When being applied to the field of nano filtration, the prepared membrane has super-high flux and a relatively high retention rate.

The invention provides a laser beam light balancing and shaping and speckle eliminating integrated device, which belongs to the field of laser displaying and illuminating and particularly relates to the fields of laser projection displaying and infrared laser night viewing. In the device, laser beam light balancing and shaping and speckle eliminating are considered uniformly, speckles are eliminated by adopting a rotary holographic scattering device, light balancing and shaping are realized by adopting a pure phase diffusion apparatus, and a holographic scattering apparatus, a micro direct current motor, the pure phase diffusion apparatus and a Fourier transform lens are connected and fixed into an entire body with a compact structure, so that the aims of balancing and shaping laser beam light and eliminating speckles are fulfilled simultaneously. The holographic scattering apparatus and the pure phase diffusion apparatus are thin-sheet diffusion optical apparatuses, have small sizes and are thin and light, so that optical-mechanical-electrical integration and miniaturization are easy to realize; moreover, the integrated device is made of a double refraction material, so that the integrated device has polarization maintaining performance, makes full use of the inherit linear polarization property of laser light and further increases the utilization ratio of light energy.

The invention discloses a method for measuring the liquid phase diffusion coefficient by utilizing instant refractive index spatial distribution of a liquid core cylindrical lens, and belongs to a method for optical measurement of the liquid phase diffusion coefficient. The method comprises the following steps: selecting a plurality of sampling points in the medium diffusion time by taking the liquid core cylindrical lens as a liquid phase diffusion tank and an imaging element, controlling a CMOS chip to collect an instant diffusion image by utilizing a Microsoft Visual Basic program, acquiring a set of ordered pairs of the refractive index n and the position Z according to the corresponding relationship between the image width of the image and the refractive index, and then directly calculating the liquid phase diffusion coefficient by the Fick second law. A diffusion experiment of pure water with ethylene glycol and saccharose solutions with different concentrations respectively shows that the method is extremely rapid in measurement speed (less than one second), and is accurate in measurement value (the relative error is less than 3%).

The invention relates to a device for measuring a diffusion coefficient of CO2 diffusing from an aqueous phase to an oil phase. The device comprises a CO2 gas source, a distilled water source, a U-shaped high-temperature high-pressure visual diffusion device and a crude oil source which are sequentially and vertically connected in parallel to a pipeline, wherein a steel separator is vertically arranged in the U-shaped high-temperature high-pressure visual diffusion device; the interior of the U-shaped high-temperature high-pressure visual diffusion device is separated into a left-side space and a right-side space of which the bottoms are communicated by virtue of the steel separator; a temperature measuring point, a pressure measuring point and a lower outlet are formed in the bottom in the U-shaped high-temperature high-pressure visual diffusion device; and the device also comprises a pressure collection system, a return pressure gas tank, a heater and a temperature control system. The device disclosed by the invention is reliable in principle and easy and convenient to operate, the influence caused by oil-gas-water density difference is overcome, a pressure drop method for measuring the gas-liquid two-phase diffusion coefficient is applied to measuring the diffusion coefficient of gas between the aqueous phase and oil phase, the CO2 concentration change and experimental equilibrium pressure do not need to be measured, and the diffusion coefficient of CO2 diffusing from the aqueous phase to the oil phase can be solved.

The invention belongs to the technical field of rare earth permanent magnets and particularly provides a process of preparing a rare earth permanent magnet Sm2Fe17NX powder. According to the process, an Fe-M powder and an Sm powder are employed as raw materials (wherein M is selected from one or more than two from Hf, Zr, Co, Nb, Cr, V, Ti, Ga, B and the like), and a solid-liquid phase diffusion reaction method is employed to prepare a Sm2Fe17 intermetallic compound, and finally the intermetallic compound is nitrided to obtain the final product Sm2Fe17NX. The process includes the steps of (1) uniformly mixing the Fe-M powder and the Sm powder; (2) performing cold-pressing moulding to the mixed raw material powder; (3) performing the solid-liquid phase diffusion reaction to the cold-pressed billet to obtain a Sm2Fe17 mono-phase block; and (4) crushing and grinding the Sm2Fe17 mono-phase block into powder, performing nitridation to the powder under an atmosphere containing nitrogen or ammonia to prepare the Sm2Fe17NX powder. On the basis of the Sm2Fe17NX powder, an aeolotropic bonded magnet having excellent performances can be produced. The process is simple in operations, is easy to control in process parameters, is environment-protective and pollution-free, and is easy to achieve large-scale production.

A method of joining using a supporting electrode 4 having a cooling circuit and a pressure electrode 8 movably arranged above the supporting electrode, using a steel material causing martensitic transformation for one of or both of a first member 20 having an opening portion and a second member 24, engaging the second member with the opening portion of the first member, starting conduction from a power supply to the supporting electrode and the pressure electrode, allowing an insertion portion of the second member to enter the opening portion of the first member by a pressure force of the pressure electrode, causing the second member and an inner wall portion of the opening portion to be subjected to solid-phase diffusion joining, rapidly cooling the both members by thermal conduction of the supporting electrode after the joining, and quenching a joined portion and generating compressive residual stress by the rapid cooling.

The invention belongs to the field of metal materials and particularly relates to a conductive aluminum alloy section bar formula and a preparation method thereof. The aluminum section bar formula is prepared from the following element components in percentage by weight: 0.45%-0.5% of Si, 0.5%-0.65% of Mg, 0.1%-0.25% of Fe, not greater than 0.03% of Mn, not greater than 0.03% of Cr, not greater than 0.05% of Cu, not greater than 0.05% of Zn, not greater than 0.05% of Ti, not greater than 0.03% of other single impurity, not greater than 0.1% of other impurities, and the balance of Al, based on 100% in total. The preparation method of the conductive aluminum alloy section bar formula comprises steps of casting, homogenizing, cast ingot heating, extruding and thermal processing, wherein the thermal processing step adopts double-stage manual ageing thermal treatment, and the ageing condition is T6 + (210+/-5 DEG C, 2h). The aluminum alloy magnesium silicide manufactured by the conductive aluminum alloy section bar formula disclosed by the invention is uniform in strengthening phase diffusion, and has good strength and inter-crystalline corrosion resistance.

An ultrahigh nitrogen austenite phase diffusion hardening covering layer for pump shafts of nuclear grade pumps belongs to the field of material surface engineering, and comprises pump shafts of a nuclear first-grade pump, a nuclear second-grade pump and a nuclear third-grade pump, which are made of Fe-Cr-Ni austenite stainless steel, as well as a hardening covering layer and a transition layer, wherein the hardening covering layer and the transition layer have the advantages of wear resistance, corrosion resistance, fatigue resistance and irradiation resistance and are arranged on the surfaces of the pump shafts. The covering layer is characterized in that the ultrahigh nitrogen austenite phase diffusion hardening covering layer, which is 15 to 25 micro in thickness, and has the surface roughness Ra lower than 0.5 micro, is prepared through using a plasma base nitriding method at 250 to 450 DEG C, the preparation of the covering layer is the last procedure in pump shaft manufacture, the hardening covering layer comprises a single ultrahigh nitrogen austenite phase, the peak value of the nitrogen concentrations in gradient distribution is 20 to 35 at.%, the hardness is 15 to 22 GPa, no hole and no microcrack are generated, and the residual compressive stress is higher than 2 GPa. The covering layer has the advantages that the preparation process is simple, follow-up processing is not required, no pollution is caused, and the performance is superior to the electrochromism covering layer used for the current pump shafts of the nuclear grade pumps.

The invention relates to a preparation method of an unsymmetrical composite ceramic hydrogen permeation membrane, and belongs to the technical field of environment-friendly materials. According to themethod, a tungsten acid rare earth compound with good chemical stability is selected as a membrane material, electronic conductive phase metal Ni is led into the membrane, nickel in an ion form is led into the tungsten acid rare earth compound by a citric acid-nitrate combustion method, simple-substance Ni is reduced, an electron conduction channel is formed, the bulk phase diffusion rate of themembrane is increased, hydrogen permeation amount of a diaphragm is increased, two phases of the a prepared two-phase membrane are more uniformly mixed, and the membrane has higher hydrogen permeationamount and chemical stability. According to the method, rare earth nano-particles with high catalytic activity are deposited on the inner wall of a green diaphragm of the hydrogen permeation membraneand serve as supporting frameworks, the rare earth nano-particles and conductive-phase metal Ni form continuous conductive grids, electrochemical reaction active sites are increased, the hydrogen permeation membrane has good catalytic activity, and poor stability and hydrogen permeation rate of the hydrogen permeation membrane are effectively improved.

The invention provides a method for manufacturing a selective emitter solar cell, which comprises the following steps of: 1, performing heat diffusion or gaseous phase diffusion directly on a P-type conductive substrate by coating slurry containing N-type impurities to form an N-type diffusion layer; 2, forming a pattern-shaped electrode on the P-type conductive substrate on which the N-type diffusion layer is formed; and 3, implanting P-type impurities on the P-type conductive substrate on which the electrode is formed so as to ensure that the N-type diffusion concentration of the N-type diffusion layer covered with the electrode is higher than that of the N-type diffusion layer which does not cover the electrode. In the method, the high-concentration diffusion layer is formed below the electrode, so that contact resistance is reduced effectively; the low-concentration diffusion layer is formed in other light-transmitting areas to inhibit surfaces from recombining, so the conversion efficiency of the solar cell is improved, the growth step and subsequent cleaning step of an oxidation film are eliminated, and the method is favorable for reducing production cost.

The invention relates to the technical field of graphite film and metal connection, in particular to a solid-phase diffusion connection method capable of realizing connection of a graphite film and metal copper, effectively reducing the width of a welding seam and reducing the stress at a joint, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of: carrying out surface metallization treatment on the graphite film to form a metal intermediate layer on the surface of the graphite film; the metal copper and the metal intermediate layer are in diffusion connection to obtain a graphite film and metal complex, and the metallization treatment on the surface of the graphite film refers to forming a nano-scale or micron-scale metal intermediate layer on the surface of the graphite film by using a magnetron sputtering technology; according to the method, the magnetron sputtering technology and the diffusion bonding method are combined, solid-phase diffusion bonding is successfully applied to connection of the high-thermal-conductivity graphite film and copper, the width of a welding seam is effectively reduced, and due to the existence of a gradient interface layer in the welding seam, the residual stress of a connector caused by the large difference of thermal expansion coefficients of base metal on the two sides is effectively reduced.

The invention belongs to the technical field of solid waste recycling, and particularly relates to a method for recycling and separating lanthanum, neodymium and ytterbium from a rare earth hyperaccumulation plant. According to the method, lanthanum and neodymium in the hyperaccumulation plant are extracted and separated in the form of oxides by utilizing a phase diffusion principle of rare earth oxides under a high-temperature condition and a separation theory of metals and nonmetals, and an ytterbium-rich biochar raw material is produced, so that the aims of separating and recycling rare earth metals in the hyperaccumulator are fulfilled, high-value recycling is realized, the whole process is green and efficient, and the method has high application value in the field of rare earth hyperaccumulation plant recycling.

The invention relates to a method and set of tools for checking and ascertaining the crystallisation conditions of biological macromolecules using the counter-diffusion technique which employs precipitating agents, additives and buffers. The concentration of the precipitating agent(s) in the medium (solution or gel) is greater than those currently used with other available checking techniques, such as batch, microbatch or vapour phase diffusion techniques, such that, as a result of the diffusion along the length of the capillary containing the biological macromolecule, a large number of concentrations of the precipitating agent(s) used in one experiment are checked. The set of tools or kit contains the necessary elements for performing said method.