1139results about "Iron compounds" patented technology

A single crystalline ternary nanostructure having the formula A_xB_yO_z, wherein x ranges from 0.25 to 24, and y ranges from 1.5 to 40, and wherein A and B are independently selected from the group consisting of Ag, Al, As, Au, B, Ba, Br, Ca, Cd, Ce, Cl, Cm, Co, Cr, Cs, Cu, Dy, Er, Eu, F, Fe, Ga, Gd, Ge, Hf, Ho, I, In, Ir, K, La, Li, Lu, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Nb, Nd, Ni, Os, P, Pb, Pd, Pr, Pt, Rb, Re, Rh, Ru, S, Sb, Sc, Se, Si, Sm, Sn, Sr, Ta, Tb, Tc, Te, Ti, Ti, Tm, U, V, W, Y, Yb, and Zn, wherein the nanostructure is at least 95% free of defects and/or dislocations.

The invention provides novel active material represented by the general formula Li_aMI_1-yMII_yPO₄, wherein MI is selected from the group consisting of Fe, Ni, Mn, V, Sn, Ti, Cr, and mixtures thereof; MII is selected from the group consisting of Zn, Cd, and a mixture thereof; a is about 1; and 0<y<1, which, upon electrochemical interaction, releases lithium ions, and is capable of reversibly cycling lithium ions. The invention provides a rechargeable lithium battery which comprises an electrode formed from the novel active material, wherein MI is selected from the group consisting of Fe, Co, Ni, Mn, Cu, V, Sn, Ti, Cr, and mixtures thereof. Methods for making the novel active material and methods for using such a material in electrochemical cells are also provided.

In order to provide a 3V level non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery with a flat voltage and excellent cycle life at a high rate with low cost, the present invention provides a positive electrode represented by the formula: Li_2±α[Me]₄O_8−x, wherein 0≦α<0.4, 0≦x<2, and Me is a transition metal containing Mn and at least one selected from the group consisting of Ni, Cr, Fe, Co and Cu, said active material exhibiting topotactic two-phase reactions during charge and discharge.

The present invention relates to a method of making nanoparticulates in a flame reactor, the nanoparticulates having controlled properties such as weight average particle size, composition and morphology. The nanoparticulates made with the method of present invention may be tailored to a specific weight average particle size range, such as from about 1 nm to about 500 nm. In addition to weight average particle size, the nanoparticulates made with the method of the present invention may include a variety of materials including metals, ceramics, organic materials, and combinations thereof. Moreover, the method of the present invention allows control over the morphology of the nanoparticulates, which allows the production of nanoparticulates with any desired morphology including spheroidal and unagglomerated; and agglomerated (aggregated) into larger units of hard aggregates.

A cathode active material capable of increasing a capacity and improving high temperature characteristics or cycle characteristics, a method of manufacturing it, a cathode using the cathode active material, and a battery using the cathode active material are provided. In a cathode active material contained in a cathode, a coating layer is provided on at least part of a complex oxide particle containing at least lithium (Li) and cobalt (Co). The coating layer is an oxide which contains lithium (Li) and at least one of nickel (Ni) and manganese (Mn).

In one aspect, the process includes providing a precursor medium comprising a liquid vehicle and a precursor to a component, and flame spraying the precursor medium under conditions effective to form a population of nanoparticles, wherein the nanoparticles include the component. The population of nanoparticles, as formed, comprises less than about 5 percent by volume particles having a particle size greater than 1.0 μm. A size distribution of the population of nanoparticles may have a d50 value less than about 500 nm, and it may be unimodal. The size distribution may have a geometric standard deviation of less than about 2. The process may occur continuously for at least four hours or more. Greater than about 90 percent by weight of the precursor to the component in the precursor medium may be converted to the component in the nanoparticles. The process typically occurs in an enclosed flame spray reactor.

The invention relates to a process for decreasing flame temperature in a flame spray reaction system, the process comprising the steps of providing a precursor medium comprising a precursor to a component; flame spraying the precursor medium under conditions effective to form a population of product particles; and decreasing the flame temperature by contacting the flame with a cooling medium. The process of the present invention allows for the control of the size, composition and morphology of the nanoparticles made using the process. The invention also relates to a nozzle assembly that comprises a substantially longitudinally extending atomizing feed nozzle that comprises an atomizing medium conduit and one or more substantially longitudinally extending precursor medium feed conduits. The nozzle assembly of the present invention is used in a flame spray system to produce nanoparticles using the processes described herein.

PCT No. PCT/JP96/03738 Sec. 371 Date Jun. 24, 1998 Sec. 102(e) Date Jun. 24, 1998 PCT Filed Dec. 20, 1996 PCT Pub. No. WO97/23918 PCT Pub. Date Jul. 3, 1997The powdery cathode active material of the present invention for use in a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery comprises as the active ingredient a lithium manganese composite oxide and at least one nonmanganese metal element selected from the group consisting of aluminum, magnesium, vanadium, chromium, iron, cobalt, nickel, and zinc, provided that the nonmanganese metal element exists in the surface portions of fine particles constituting the powdery cathode active material. A nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery comprising such a cathode active material, an anode active material and a nonaqueous electrolytic solution containing a lithium salt has a large charge-and-discharge capacity and a stable charge-and-discharge cycle durability, and can be prepared inexpensively.

The invention provides a novel method for making lithium mixed metal materials in electrochemical cells. The lithium mixed metal materials comprise lithium and at least one other metal besides lithium. The invention involves the reaction of a metal compound, a phosphate compound, with a reducing agent to reduce the metal and form a metal phosphate. The invention also includes methods of making lithium metal oxides involving reaction of a lithium compound, a metal oxide with a reducing agent.

Polycrystalline materials of macroscopic size exhibiting Single-Crystal-Like properties are formed from a plurality of Single-Crystal Particles, having Self-Aligning morphologies and optionally ling morphology, bonded together and aligned along at least one, and up to three, crystallographic directions.

There is disclosed a piezoelectric element having, on a substrate, a piezoelectric body and a pair of electrodes which come in contact with the piezoelectric body, wherein the piezoelectric body consists of a perovskite type oxide represented by the following formula (1):

(Bi,Ba)(M,Ti)O₃  (1)

in which M is an atom of one element selected from the group consisting of Mn, Cr, Cu, Sc, In, Ga, Yb, Al, Mg, Zn, Co, Zr, Sn, Nb, Ta, and W, or a combination of the atoms of the plurality of elements.

A zirconium phosphate compound having a Zr:P ratio of from about 1.80-2.0 to 1, which compound's H-form exhibits a single peak at −13.7±0.5 ppm in the ³¹P NMR spectra. The compound is useful as a catalyst, catalyst support and ion exchange media having a high affinity for cobalt and nickel ions.

A metal oxide nanoporous material comprises two or more kinds of first metal oxides selected from the group consisting of alumina, zirconia, titania, iron oxide, rare-earth oxides, alkali metal oxides and alkaline-earth metal oxides. The metal oxide nanoporous material has nanopores, each with a diameter of 10 nm or smaller, in which the metal oxides are dispersed homogeneously in the wall forming the nanopores.

The thermoelectric conversion efficiency of a thermoelectric conversion device is increased by increasing the figure of merit of a spin-Seebeck effect element.

An inverse spin-Hall effect material is provided to at least one end of a thermal spin-wave spin current generating material made of a magnetic dielectric material so that a thermal spin-wave spin current is converted to generate a voltage in the above described inverse spin-Hall effect material when there is a temperature gradient in the above described thermal spin-wave spin current generating material and a magnetic field is applied using a magnetic field applying means.

Compounds are expressed by general formula of AxBC2-y where 0<=x<=2 and 0<=y<1, and have CdI2 analogous layer structures; A-site is occupied by at least one element selected from the group consisting of Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ag, Cd, Hf, Ta, W, Re, Ir, Pt, Au, Sc, rare earth elements containing Y, B, Al, Ga, In, Tl, Sn, Pb and Bi; B-site is occupied by at least one element selected from the group consisting of Ti, V, Cr, Zr, Nb, Mo, Hf, Ta, W, Ir, and Sn; C-site is occupied by at least one element selected from the group consisting of S, Se and Te; the compounds exhibit large figure of merit so as to be preferable for thermoelectric generator/refrigerator.

A method for preparing a positive active material for a rechargeable lithium battery is provided. In this method, a lithium source, a metal source, and a doping liquid including a doping element are mixed and the mixture is heat-treated.

A multi-phase catalyst for the simultaneous conversion of oxides of nitrogen, carbon monoxide, and hydrocarbons is provided. A catalyst composition comprising the multi-phase catalyst and methods of making the catalyst composition are also provided. The multi-phase catalyst may be represented by the general formula of Ce_yLn_1-xA_x+sMO_Z, wherein Ln is a mixture of elements originally in the form of single-phase mixed lanthanides collected from natural ores, a single lanthanide, or a mixture of lanthanides; A is an element selected from a group consisting of Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Li, Na, K, Cs, Rb, or any combination thereof; and M is an element selected from the group consisting of Fe, Mn, Cr, Ni, Co, Cu, V, Zr, Pt, Pd, Rh, Ru, Ag, Au, Al, Ga, Mo, W, Ti, or any combination thereof; x is a number defined by 0≦x<1.0; y is a number defined by 0≦y<10; s is a number defined by 0≦s<10; where s=0 only when y>0 and y=0 only when s>0. The multi-phase catalyst can have an overlayer of an oxide having the fluorite structure with a combination of platinum and/or rhodium.

A perovskite compound of the formula, (Na_1/2Bi_1/2)_1-xM_x(Ti_1-yM′_y)O_3±z, where M is one or more of Ca, Sr, Ba, Pb, Y, La, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Th, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb and Lu; and M′ is one or more of Zr, Hf, Sn, Ge, Mg, Zn, Al, Sc, Ga, Nb, Mo, Sb, Ta, W, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co and Ni, and 0.01<x<0.3, and 0.01<y<0.3, and z<0.1 functions as an electromechanically active material. The material may possess electrostrictive or piezoelectric characteristics.

The present invention provides a non-aqueous electrolyte-based high power lithium secondary battery having a long-term service life and superior safety at both room temperature and high temperature, even after repeated high-current charging and discharging, wherein the battery comprises a mixture of a particular lithium manganese-metal composite oxide (A) having a spinel structure and a particular lithium nickel-manganese-cobalt composite oxide (B) having a layered structure, as a cathode active material.

Metal oxide structures, devices, and fabrication methods are provided. In addition, applications of such structures, devices, and methods are provided. In some embodiments, an oxide material can include a substrate and a single-crystal epitaxial layer of an oxide composition disposed on a surface of the substrate, where the oxide composition is represented by ABO₂ such that A is a lithium cation, B is a cation selected from the group consisting of trivalent transition metal cations, trivalent lanthanide cations, trivalent actinide cations, trivalent p-block cations, and combinations thereof, and O is an oxygen anion. The unit cell of crystal structure of the oxide composition can be characterized by first layer of a plane of lithium cations and a second layer of a plurality of edge-sharing octahedra having a B cation positioned in a center of each octahedron and an oxygen anion at each corner of each octahedron. The first layer and the second layer of the unit cell are alternatingly stacked along one axis of the unit cell. Other aspects, features, and embodiments are also claimed and described.

The invention relates to a LiFePO4 material for Li-ion battery and the making method thereof. The method controls diameter and length of C or metallic fiber at 100-300 nm and 10-20 mum, respectively and dopes ions with valences greater than +2-+4 in Li situ of LiFePO4, in the raw material composed of Li source, ion-doped compound, trivalent Fe source, phosphate radical, charcoal material, and C/metallic fiber, so as to make the LiFePO4 material, largely reducing the charcoal material content of the made LiFePO4 material on the premise of not reducing electron conductivity; and because the specific surface area of the charcoal material is selected at 30-80 sq m/g, effectively raising the tap density of material so as to bring a great convenience to the follow-up electrode smearing process. And the prepared LiFePO4 material has low cost and simple operating process, easy to large-scale production.

Novel devices for synthesizing ferrate and uses thereof are described. One aspect of the invention relates to devices and systems for synthesizing ferrate at a site proximal to the site of use.

An electromagnetic wave absorber comprising (a) soft ferrite having its surface treated with a silane compound having no functional group, (c) magnetite and (d) silicone, or comprising (a) soft ferrite having its surface treated with a silane compound having no functional group, (b) flat, soft magnetic metal powder, (c) magnetite and (d) silicone, which electromagnetic wave absorber excels in electromagnetic wave absorption, heat conduction and flame resistance, exhibiting less temperature dependence, and which electromagnetic wave absorber is soft, excelling in adhesion strength and further excelling in high resistance high insulation properties and in energy conversion efficiency being stable in MHz to 10 GHz broadband frequency. There is further provided a laminated electromagnetic wave absorber comprising the above electromagnetic wave absorber overlaid with a reflection layer of conductor, which laminated electromagnetic wave absorber can be closely stuck onto an unwanted electromagnetic wave emission source such as a high-speed operating device, having such an adhesive strength that even when stuck to a horizontal glassy-surface ceiling face of resin-made cage, would not fall.

A method of purifying an acid leaching solution obtained by processing hydrometallurgically material that contains valuable metals and also Fe3+ and Fe2+, and possibly also arsenic in solution. The major part of the Fe3+-content and the arsenic is precipitated out in a first stage, by adding pH-elevating agent to the leaching solution. The precipitate formed in the first precipitation stage is extracted from the solution and removed from the process. The solution is oxidised in a second precipitation stage while adding a further pH-elevating agent for oxidation of Fe2+ and precipitation of resultant Fe3+ and any arsenic still present. The resultant precipitate and any residual solid pH-elevating agent are then extracted from the solution and returned in the process to more acid conditions, and the thus purified solution is then processed to win its valuable metal content in a manner per se. The pH is suitably raised during the first stage to a value in the range of 2.2-2.8, and in the second stage to a value in the range of 3.0-4.5. The oxidising process in the second stage is suitably effected by injecting air into the solution and by preferably using lime or limestone as the pH-elevating agent. Solid material extracted from the second stage is returned beneficially to the first stage. Some of the solid material taken from each precipitation stage can be recycled within respective stages as a nucleating agent.

A process for recovering nickel and cobalt values from nickel- and cobalt-containing laterite ores as an enriched mixed nickel and cobalt sulphide intermediate and for producing nickel and cobalt metal from the nickel and cobalt sulphide intermediate. The laterite ore is leached as a slurry in a pressure acid leach containing an excess of aqueous sulphuric acid at high pressure and temperature, excess free acid in the leach slurry is partially neutralized to a range of 5 to 10 g/L residual free H₂SO₄ and washed to yield a nickel- and cobalt-containing product liquor, the product liquor is subjected to a reductant to reduce any Cr(VI) in solution to Cr(III), the reduced product liquor is neutralized to precipitate ferric iron and silicon at a pH of about 3.5 to 4.0, and the neutralized and reduced product liquor is contacted with hydrogen sulphide gas to precipitate nickel and cobalt sulphides. The precipitated nickel and cobalt sulphides can be leached in a water slurry in a pressure oxidation leach, the leach solution subjected to iron hydrolysis and precipitation, the iron-free solution contacted with zinc sulphide to precipitate copper, the iron- and copper-free solution subjected to zinc and cobalt extraction by solvent extraction to produce a nickel raffinate, the nickel raffinate contacted with hydrogen gas to produce nickel powder and the cobalt strip solution from the solvent extraction step contacted with hydrogen gas to produce cobalt powder.

Novel devices for synthesizing ferrate and uses thereof are described. One aspect of the invention relates to devices and systems for synthesizing ferrate at a site proximal to the site of use.

The invention provides a Fenton-like catalyst which is chalcopyrite CuFeO2. A preparation method for the Fenton-like catalyst comprises the following steps: dissolving the raw materials ferric nitrate and cupric nitrate in water; adding alkali and a weak reducing agent to prepare a sol; and subjecting the sol to a hydro-thermal reaction so as to prepare the CuFeO2 Fenton-like catalyst. The Fenton-like catalyst provided by the invention has the advantages of simple preparation process, low cost, no organic solvent, environment-friendliness and stable chemical activity; since the particle of the Fenton-like catalyst is micron order, the Fenton-like catalyst can rapidly settle, and thus, the Fenton-like catalyst can be easily recovered and be repeatedly used many times. The Fenton-like catalyst can be used as a natural peroxidase substitute and used for detection and analysis of H2O2 content in food, biological and environmental samples and for degradation and mineralization of organic pollutants.

A magnetic nanoparticle applicable in imaging, diagnosis, therapy and biomaterial separation. The magnetic nanoparticle is characterized as comprising at least an inner-transition element, represented as Fe_xM^a_vZ_y, wherein M^a is an inner-transition element, Z is an element of the group VIa, x is greater or equal to 0, and both v and y are positive numbers. The magnetic nanoparticle may further comprise a shell to form a core-shell structure, wherein the shell is an inner-transition element M^b or the compound thereof.

A process for leaching laterite ores containing limonite and saprolite. Sufficient mineral acid is added to a slurry of limonite which is leached at atmospheric pressure to dissolve most of the soluble non-ferrous metals and soluble iron. After adding saprolite the slurry is further leached at a temperature above the normal boiling point and at a pressure above atmospheric pressure for a time sufficient to leach most of the contained nickel in the saprolite and to precipitate most of the iron in solution. The pressure of the slurry is then reduced, and nickel and/or cobalt is subsequently recovered from the leach solution by solvent extraction, resin-in-pulp or other ion exchange, sulfide or hydroxide precipitation, or other recovery method.

The present invention relates to a method for recycling LiFePO₄, which is an olivine-based cathode material for a lithium secondary battery. The present invention is characterized in that a cathode material including LiFePO₄ is synthesized using, as precursors, amorphous FePO₄.XH₂O and crystalline FePO₄.2H₂O (metastrengite) obtained by chemically treating LiFePO₄ as an olivine-based cathode material for a lithium secondary battery, which is produced from a waste battery. Since a cathode fabricated from the LiFePO₄ cathode material synthesized according to the present invention does not deteriorate the capacity, output characteristics, cycle efficiency and performance of the secondary battery and the cathode material of the lithium secondary battery may be recycled, the secondary battery is economically efficient.