11805 results about "Post treatment" patented technology

Embodiments of the invention provide treatment processes to reduce substrate contamination during a fabrication process within a vapor deposition chamber. A treatment process may be conducted before, during or after a vapor deposition process, such as an atomic layer deposition (ALD) process. In one example of an ALD process, a process cycle, containing an intermediate treatment step and a predetermined number of ALD cycles, is repeated until the deposited material has a desired thickness. The chamber and substrates may be exposed to an inert gas, an oxidizing gas, a nitriding gas, a reducing gas or plasmas thereof during the treatment processes. In some examples, the treatment gas contains ozone, water, ammonia, nitrogen, argon or hydrogen. In one example, a process for depositing a hafnium oxide material within a batch process chamber includes a pretreatment step, an intermediate step during an ALD process and a post-treatment step.

Embodiments of the invention provide processes to selectively form a cobalt layer on a copper surface over exposed dielectric surfaces. In one embodiment, a method for capping a copper surface on a substrate is provided which includes positioning a substrate within a processing chamber, wherein the substrate contains a contaminated copper surface and a dielectric surface, exposing the contaminated copper surface to a reducing agent while forming a copper surface during a pre-treatment process, exposing the substrate to a cobalt precursor gas to selectively form a cobalt capping layer over the copper surface while leaving exposed the dielectric surface during a vapor deposition process, and depositing a dielectric barrier layer over the cobalt capping layer and the dielectric surface. In another embodiment, a deposition-treatment cycle includes performing the vapor deposition process and subsequently a post-treatment process, which deposition-treatment cycle may be repeated to form multiple cobalt capping layers.

A salicide layer is deposited on the source/drain regions of a PMOS transistor. A dielectric capping layer having residual compressive stress is formed on the salicide layer by depositing a plurality of PECVD dielectric sublayers and plasma-treating each sublayer. Compressive stress from the dielectric capping layer is uniaxially transferred to the PMOS channel through the source-drain regions to create compressive strain in the PMOS channel. To form a compressive dielectric layer, a deposition reactant mixture containing A1 atoms and A2 atoms is provided in a vacuum chamber. Element A2 is more electronegative than element A1, and A1 atoms have a positive oxidation state and A2 atoms have a negative oxidation state when A1 atoms are bonded with A2 atoms. A deposition plasma is generated by applying HF and LF radio-frequency power to the deposition reactant mixture, and a sublayer of compressive dielectric material is deposited. A post-treatment plasma is generated by applying HF and LF radio-frequency power to a post-treatment gas that does not contain at least one of A1 atoms and A2 atoms. Compressive stress in the dielectric sublayer is increased by treating the sublayer in the post-treatment plasma. Processes of depositing a dielectric sublayer and post-treating the sublayer in plasma are repeated until a desired thickness is achieved. The resulting dielectric layer has residual compressive stress.

Provided herein are methods and apparatus for forming flowable dielectric films having low porosity. In some embodiments, the methods involve plasma post-treatments of flowable dielectric films. The treatments can involve exposing a flowable film to a plasma while the film is still in a flowable, reactive state but after deposition of new material has ceased.

Methods of forming dielectric films with increased density and improved film properties are provided. The methods involve exposing dielectric films to microwave radiation. According to various embodiments, the methods may be used to remove hydroxyl bonds, increase film density, reduce or eliminate seams and voids, and optimize film properties such as dielectric constant, refractive index and stress for particular applications. In certain embodiments, the methods are used to form conformal films deposited by a technique such as PDL. The methods may be used in applications requiring low thermal budgets.

A method and apparatus for heat treating a photovoltaic device. The apparatus includes a heating module, a processing module, and a cooling module in which the operating temperatures of the modules may be controlled separately. The heating module is configured to pre-heat a substrate and stabilize the substrate at the desired target temperature, the processing module is configured to thermally process the substrate, and the cooling module is configured for post-treatment cooling of the substrate.

Devices and methods for ablating tissue in the wall of various organs of the gastrointestinal tract of a patient in order to cure or ameliorate metabolic pathophysiological conditions such as obesity, insulin resistance, or type 2 diabetes mellitus are provided. Ablational treatment of target areas may be fractional or partial, rendering a post-treatment portion of target tissue ablated and another portion that is substantially intact. Fractional ablation is achieved by controlling the delivery of ablational energy across the surface area being treated, and controlling the depth of energy penetration into tissue. Surface area control of energy delivery may controlled by the spatial pattern of distributed ablation elements or by the selective activation of a subset of a dense pattern of ablation elements. Embodiments of the device include an ablational electrode array that spans 360 degrees and an array that spans an arc of less than 360 degrees.

To provide a glass plate for display devices wherein without carrying out a post treatment, the depth of a compression stress layer is increased, while the surface compression stress is prevented from being excess only by chemical tempering.

A glass plate for display devices, which is obtained by chemically tempering a glass plate comprising, as represented by mol % based on the following oxides, from 50 to 74% of SiO₂, from 1 to 10% of Al₂O₃, from 6 to 14% of Na₂O, from 3 to 15% of K₂O, from 2 to 15% of MgO, from 0 to 10% of CaO and from 0 to 5% of ZrO₂, wherein the total content of SiO₂ and Al₂O₃ is at most 75%, the total content of Na₂O and K₂O, i.e. Na₂O+K₂O, is from 12 to 25%, and the total content of MgO and CaO, i.e. MgO+CaO, is from 7 to 15%.

A process for removing soluble and insoluble inorganic, organic, and microbiological contaminants from a fluid stream employing a pretreatment module, a post-treatment module, a recycle stream module or any combination thereof, and a membrane module, is provided. The process provided reduces the problems associated with membrane fouling and increases contaminant removal capacity.

The invention discloses a method for acquiring a range image by stereo matching of multi-aperture photographing based on color segmentation. The method comprises the following steps of: (1) carrying out image correction on all input images; (2) carrying out the color segmentation on a reference image, and extracting an area with consistent color in the reference image; (3) respectively carrying out local window matching on the multiple input images to obtain multiple parallax images; (4) removing mismatched points which are generated during the matching by applying a bilateral matching strategy; (5) synthesizing the multiple parallax images into a parallax image, and filling parallax information of the mismatched points; (6) carrying out post-treatment optimization on the parallax image to obtain a dense parallax image; and (7) converting the parallax image into a range image according to the relationship between parallax and depth. By acquiring range information from multiple viewpoint images and utilizing image information provided by the multiple viewpoint images, the invention can not only solve the problem of mismatching brought by periodic repetitive textural features and shelter and the like in the images, but also can improve matching precision and obtain an accurate range image.

Systems and methods are provided for designing and fabricating contact-free support structures for overhang geometries of parts fabricated using electron beam additive manufacturing. One or more layers of un-melted metallic powder are disposed in an elongate gap between an upper horizontal surface of the support structure and a lower surface of the overhang geometry. The powder conducts heat from the overhang geometry to the support structure. The support structure acts as a heat sink to enhance heat transfer and reduce the temperature and severe thermal gradients due to poor thermal conductivity of metallic powders underneath the overhang. Because the support structure is not connected to the part, the support structure can be removed freely without any post-processing step.

A mobile station and methods are disclosed for diagnosing and modeling site specific effluent treatment facility requirements to arrive at a treatment regimen and/or proposed commercial plant model idealized for the particular water/site requirements. The station includes a mobile platform having power intake, effluent intake and fluid outflow facilities and first and second suites of selectably actuatable effluent pre-treatment apparatus. An effluent polishing treatment array is housed at the station and includes at least one of nanofiltration, reverse osmosis and ion-exchange stages. A suite of selectively actuatable post-treatment apparatus is housed at the station. Controls are connected at the station for process control, monitoring and data accumulation. A plurality of improved water treatment technologies is also disclosed. The modeling methods include steps for analyzing raw effluent to be treated, providing a field of raw effluent condition entry values and a field of treated effluent condition goals entry values, and utilizing said fields to determine an initial treatment model including a selection of, and use parameters for, treatment technologies from the plurality of down-scaled treatment technologies at the facility, the model dynamically and continuously modifiable during treatment modeling.

The present invention relates to a video advertisement identifying method based on hierarchical matching. Through locality sensitive hash (LSH) and fine granularity successive elimination (FGSE), the method which can rapidly inspect whether TV programming contains the advertisements as listed in database is developed by utilizing the novel video features of advertisements and post-treatment technology. The technical proposal is that the present invention is characterized in comprising the following steps of the establishment of offline database and online monitoring, wherein, the offline database consists of offline pre-treatment and Hash form preparation; the online monitoring consists of online pre-treatment, from-coarse-to-fine secondary matching and post-treatment.

Methods for processing a substrate are described herein. Methods can include positioning a substrate comprising silicon in a processing chamber, delivering a plasma to the surface of the substrate while biasing the substrate, exposing the surface of the substrate to ammonium fluoride (NH₄F), and annealing the substrate to a first temperature to sublimate one or more volatile byproducts.

The present invention generally provides methods and apparatuses that are adapted to form a high quality dielectric gate layer on a substrate. Embodiments contemplate a method wherein a metal plasma treatment process is used in lieu of a standard nitridization process to form a high dielectric constant layer on a substrate. Embodiments further contemplate an apparatus adapted to “implant” metal ions of relatively low energy in order to reduce ion bombardment damage to the gate dielectric layer, such as a silicon dioxide layer and to avoid incorporation of the metal atoms into the underlying silicon. In general, the process includes the steps of forming a high-k dielectric and then terminating the surface of the deposited high-k material to form a good interface between the gate electrode and the high-k dielectric material. Embodiments of the invention also provide a cluster tool that is adapted to form a high-k dielectric material, terminate the surface of the high-k dielectric material, perform any desirable post treatment steps, and form the polysilicon and/or metal gate layers.

A mobile station and methods are disclosed for diagnosing and modeling site specific effluent treatment facility requirements to arrive at a treatment regimen and/or proposed commercial plant model idealized for the particular water/site requirements. The station includes a mobile platform having power intake, effluent intake and fluid outflow facilities and first and second suites of selectably actuatable effluent pre-treatment apparatus. An effluent polishing treatment array is housed at the station and includes at least one of nanofiltration, reverse osmosis and ion-exchange stages. A suite of selectively actuatable post-treatment apparatus are housed at the station. Controls are connected at the station for process control, monitoring and data accumulation. A plurality of improved water treatment technologies are also disclosed.

The invention relates to the field of lithium batteries and lithium capacitors, in particular to a preparation method for difluorosulfimide lithium salt and application of the difluorosulfimide lithium salt. The preparation method for the difluorosulfimide lithium salt, provided by the invention, comprises the following steps: (1) performing fluorination reaction: synthetizing midbody difluorosulfimide from dichlorosulfimide and hydrogen fluoride under the action of a catalyst; (2) performing reaction between the difluorosulfimide obtained in the step 1 and alkaline lithium, and performing solid-liquid separation after the reaction to obtain an LiFSI product. The preparation method for the difluorosulfimide lithium salt, provided by the invention, is low in cost, few in by-product and simple in post-treatment, and the quality and the purity of the product are ensured, therefore the preparation method which is capable of obtaining the high-quality and high-purity product and is economic and practical is provided; the preparation method is suitable for industrial production.

A spinneret format, an electric-field reversal format and a process for post-treatment of membranes formed from electro-spinning or electro-blowing are provided, including a cleaning method and apparatus for electro-blowing or blowing-assisted electro-spinning technology.

A prostatic stent is configured as a unitary body which is adapted to reside above the sphincter when in position in the subject includes an elongated tube which extends through the sphincter and outside the body of the subject. The stent is configured to allow natural operation of the sphincter when in position in the subject. The unitary body stent includes a lower inflatable portion which expands to contact tissue and help hold the stent in a desired location during a chronic use period of about 2-14 days. The stent can also include an upper and/or intermediate inflatable portions. A method of inhibiting the obstruction or closure of the prostatic urethral opening includes positioning the stent in the subject such that the unitary body of the stent is in the prostate and resides above the sphincter. A method treating BPH includes thermally ablating localized tissue in the prostate and inserting a post-treatment catheter into the prostate (preferably after an initial healing period) to allow the treated tissue to contour therearound and to maintain the urinary passage open. The stent is configured as a unitary body stent adapted to reside above the sphincter of the subject and to allow substantially normal operation of the sphincter. The stent can include a lower inflatable portion which engages, when expanded, with tissue below the localized treatment region about the membranous urethra (between the sphincter and the verumontanum). The post-treatment catheter is configured to reside in the subject for a period of about 2-14 days after delivery of the thermal ablation treatment or therapy.

Provided is an image forming system and an image forming apparatus capable of reliably reporting information relating to a remaining amount of consumables to an operator without increasing the number of operations of the operator of the image forming system. The image forming system connects a variety of kinds of managers such as a process control manager, an order receiving/original receiving manager, and a message manager, and post-treatment devices such as MFPs, a cutting machine, and a saddle stitch bookbinding device, via a network. The message manager reads the remaining amount of paper sheets of an applicable printer device from a consumption degree table which is stored in an HDD; computes an expected amount of consumption of the paper sheet of the applicable printer device to be consumed due to execution of a job; and when the remaining amount of the paper sheet is below 0 as a result of subtraction of the expected consumption amount of the paper sheet from the remaining amount of the paper sheet, displays on a UI a warning message indicating that an operator maintenance is necessary.

The invention discloses a method for preparing a graphene-like two-dimensional laminar titanium carbide nanoplate. The method comprises the following steps: preparing Ti3AlC2 powder by an in-situ hot-pressing solid-liquid reaction; preparing two-dimensional titanium carbide by a chemical liquid phase reaction; performing vacuum calcination post-treatment, and the like. The method can be used for preparing a Ti3AlC2 precursor with excellent crystallinity and high purity under simple process flow, stable process parameters, controllable process, high efficiency, low cost, short time and low pressure; the information that the transverse size of the two dimensional Ti3AlC2 nanoplate prepared by the method can be 5-10 microns, the average thickness of a single layer is about 10-20 nanometers can be found from an SEM picture, the inter-laminar spacing is remarkably enlarged after calcination treatment, and the laminar surface is regular and smooth.

A design method of an easily-removable support structure for SLM-manufactured metal parts is applied to the design of supports for the structures such as suspended planes and surfaces in the process of producing metal parts by SLM (selective laser melting), so that the surfaces can be formed, and stability of the structures on the surfaces and forming quality can meet the technical requirements. A meshed thin-walled structure support is designed by the design method; a saw-toothed structure is designed at the connection of a support and a solid body. The meshed thin-walled structure support has the advantages that weight of the support and even consumption of powder are decreased; forming strength of the support suspended surfaces is met, and the support is easy to remove by mechanical methods; manufacturing time of the support is shortened, and efficiency is improved. The saw-toothed structure has the advantages that strength of the connection of the support with the solid body is decreased, and the influence of many supports upon the surface quality of the formed surfaces after removal is avoided. The support structure is easy to impellent and to produce and is easy to remove during the post-treatment process, the surface roughness of the support faces can be minimized, and the design method is suitable for mass production.

An image forming method including: applying a pre-treatment liquid onto a coating layer provided on at least one surface of a support of a recording medium, jetting an inkjet ink onto the coating layer, onto which the pre-treatment liquid has been applied, so as to form an image, and applying or jetting a post-treatment liquid onto the coating layer, onto which the inkjet ink has been jetted, so as to form a transparent protective layer on the coating layer, wherein the inkjet ink contains the water-dispersible colorant, a water-soluble organic solvent, a surfactant, a penetrant and water, and wherein an amount of pure water transferred into the recording medium, provided with the coating layer, measured at a contact time of 100 ms with a dynamic scanning liquid absorptometer is 1 ml/m² to 10 ml/m², and the pre-treatment liquid contains a water-soluble aliphatic organic acid.

The invention discloses a heavy metal absorbent and a preparation method and use thereof. The heavy metal absorbent is prepared by using an inorganic mineral modified by a surfactant as a carrier and loading organic complexing agent on the carrier, wherein the inorganic mineral is bentonite, kaolin, kieselguhr, zeolite, aluminum oxide or iron oxide; the surfactant is cationic surfactant or nonionic surfactant; and the organic complexing agent is a compound containing a sulfydryl and an amino. The heavy metal absorbent has the advantages of stable performance, environment friendliness, high absorption capacity, high selectivity, convenient post-recovery treatment and the like. The absorption capacities of cadmium, mercury lead and other heavy metals all exceed 100mg/g, and the heavy metal absorbent can achieve good treatment effect in treatment of water and soil environments polluted by heavy metals.

A method of assessing the ongoing kidney status of a mammal afflicted with or at risk of developing chronic renal injury or disease, including chronic renal failure (CRF) by detecting the quantity of Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin (NGAL) in urine, serum or plasma samples at discrete time periods, as well as over time. Incremental increases in NGAL levels in CRF patients over a prolonged period of time are diagnostic of worsening kidney disease. This increase in NGAL precedes and correlates with other indicators of worsening chronic renal disease or CRF, such as increased serum creatinine, increased urine protein secretion, and lower glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Proper detection of worsening (or improving, if treatment has been instituted) renal status over time, confirmed by pre- and post-treatment NGAL levels in the patient, can aid the clinical practitioner in designing and/or maintaining a proper treatment regimen to slow or stop the progression of CRF.