647results about How to "Improve throughput" patented technology

The invention discloses a key value storage system indexing method oriented to an NVM-NVMe SSD (Non-Volatile Memory-Non-Volatile Memory Express Solid State Disk) hybrid architecture, which comprises the following steps of: constructing a heterogeneous storage architecture taking cold and hot data perception as a core driving mechanism, coordinating and managing two types of storage media, namely a non-volatile memory NVM and a solid state disk NVMe SSD, and realizing efficient identification, layered writing and dynamic migration of cold and hot data. According to the method, the characteristics of low delay, durability and byte addressing of the NVM are utilized, the frequency and I / O overhead of Flush and Compaction operations are reduced in a data write-in path, meanwhile, the problem of mixed storage of cold and hot data is avoided, and therefore the overall performance and storage efficiency of a system are remarkably improved. In addition, by introducing an asynchronous migration module, the method can dynamically adapt to the change of data popularity along with time evolution, and effectively support high performance and high availability of the key value system in long-term operation.

The invention provides a lightweight large model operation method based on end-side deployment. The lightweight large model operation method comprises the following steps: acquiring equipment operation data and storing a model file in a mixed precision format according to quantization precision supported by terminal equipment; determining a mixing precision quantification strategy and carrying out strategy analysis on the equipment operation data; a Key-Value cache file obtained through model reasoning in the historical dialogue is reserved; calculating a semantic embedding vector of the second user request, calculating a cosine similarity between the semantic embedding vector and the first V vector, and judging whether the second user request has a similar intention or not according to a calculation result; and if yes, performing incremental reasoning on the second user request by multiplexing the Key-Value cache file. By monitoring the state of the terminal equipment in real time, dynamically adjusting the quantization level, multiplexing the cache data of the semantic related requests and merging batch request reasoning, the effects of balancing the energy consumption and performance of the terminal equipment, reducing repeated calculation and improving the service time of the equipment and the user experience are achieved.

The invention discloses an SNP (Single Nucleotide Polymorphism) molecular marker related to sheep fecundity and application of the SNP molecular marker. The SNP molecular marker comprises an SNP1 (Single Nucleotide Polymorphism) and / or an SNP2; the SNP1 is located at a base at the 115747587 site of a chromosome 6 of a sheep reference genome AR-UIRamV2.0 version, and the polymorphism of the SNP1 is T / G; the SNP2 is located at a basic group at the 41419566th site of a chromosome 22 of a sheep reference genome AR-UIRamV2.0 version, and the polymorphism of the SNP2 is A / G. According to the scheme, the SNP molecular marker related to sheep fecundity is provided, sheep with the high fecundity character can be efficiently and accurately identified and screened out, and the marker is high in typing quality, single in copy and high in polymorphism and can be used for sheep fecundity molecular marker assisted breeding.

An integrated cleaning and liquid supply device and online cleaning method for polyurethane polishing pads are disclosed. The device includes a base, a rotating seat, a swing arm, an independent liquid supply pipeline system and cleaning pipeline, a high-pressure nozzle array, and a positioning sensor assembly. During the polishing stage, polishing liquid is dripped through the liquid supply outlet. During the cleaning stage, the swing arm moves centripetally to a preset position aligned with the center of the polishing pad. The positioning sensor triggers a high-pressure pump, causing pure water to be sprayed as an atomized jet along the diameter of the pad surface through the high-pressure nozzle array. Simultaneously, the polishing pad rotates at a low speed, utilizing the synergistic effect of centrifugal force and high-pressure water flow to thoroughly remove residual contaminants within the micropores of the polyurethane. This invention integrates liquid supply and deep cleaning functions into the same motion mechanism, eliminating the need for machine shutdown or manual intervention. It offers advantages such as non-contact, non-destructive, thorough cleaning, and high automation, extending the life of the polishing pad and improving the stability of the CMP process.

The invention discloses a large model reasoning hardware accelerator based on data flow execution, and belongs to the technical field of large model reasoning hardware acceleration. Each node comprises a linear calculation kernel used for sequentially completing query / key / value projection and attention output projection in multi-head attention calculation, dimension raising projection and dimension reduction projection calculation in a feedforward neural network layer, and inverse quantization operation after each projection is output; the multi-head attention calculation kernel is used for completing loading and quantization of query / key / value vectors, multi-head division and cache management, attention score calculation, Softmax normalization, context vector generation and KV cache updating; the RLA kernel is used for completing residual addition, layer normalization, quantization / inverse quantization and nonlinear activation calculation of each layer; the three cores in the same node are located in the same SLR area, and data transmission is carried out through a hardware queue and an HLS blocking mechanism. According to the invention, high hardware utilization rate and low-delay reasoning can be realized.

The invention belongs to the technical field of block chains, and particularly relates to a financial and tax data fusion and audit traceability management system based on a block chain, which comprises an under-chain multi-source data acquisition layer, an on-chain dynamic fusion verification layer and a cross-domain collaborative feedback control layer, and is pre-bound to a data source through a business rule engine. Through combination of a lightweight fusion unit of space-time alignment and an incremental consensus mechanism based on a state channel, semantic consistency, fine-grained tracing and real-time compliance intervention of finance and tax data in a full life cycle are realized. Through a business rule pre-binding and source event capturing mechanism, finance and taxation data is prevented from breaking away from compliance context in a generation stage; a space-time alignment fusion unit is utilized to construct a composite transaction object with causal logic, and semantic segmentation among multi-source data is eliminated; the incremental consensus architecture based on the state channel is realized, and the final consistency of key transactions is ensured while the high throughput performance is maintained.

The invention discloses an operating system IO processing method supporting random IO merging, an operating system and a storage system, and belongs to the field of computer operating systems. The method comprises the steps that in a user mode, only one parameter copy is reserved for the same parameters of a plurality of random IO requests and recorded in a shared structure A, respectively recording different parameters of each random IO request into the shared structure body B to obtain a pseudo sequence request; the pseudo-sequence requests are issued to a system kernel, corresponding operations are executed on the pseudo-sequence requests in all layers of the system kernel in sequence, the batch operations are only executed once, and the non-batch operations are executed once for all the random IO requests respectively; the batch operation and the non-batch operation are operations executed for parameters in the shared structure body A and the shared structure body B respectively; and splitting the pseudo sequence request into random IO requests in an equipment driving layer of the kernel system, generating a corresponding equipment command, and submitting the equipment command to storage equipment. According to the invention, kernel overhead under the condition of high throughput can be relieved, so that the throughput is improved.

The invention provides a wave position dynamic transfer method, system and device based on inter-satellite linkage and a medium, and the method is executed by an overload satellite and comprises the steps: judging whether a self load is overloaded or not; if the load is judged to be overloaded, selecting a to-be-transferred wave position from self-managed wave positions; acquiring state information of the adjacent satellites through inter-satellite interaction with the adjacent satellites; based on the obtained state information, determining a target satellite capable of bearing a to-be-transferred wave position from adjacent satellites having coverage overlapping with the target satellite; negotiating with the target satellite through an inter-satellite link to confirm beam position transfer, and triggering the target satellite to adjust the beam to cover the to-be-transferred beam position; and after negotiation confirmation, controlling the user equipment in the to-be-transferred wave position to be switched to the target satellite, and releasing the wave position resources. By adopting the method, the communication delay of the user equipment can be reduced, the throughput of the user equipment and the constellation resource utilization rate can be improved, and the service quality and user experience of a satellite communication system can be comprehensively optimized.

The present application belongs to the technical field of wireless communication, low-altitude communication and artificial intelligence, and particularly relates to a high energy efficiency spectrum management method for a low-altitude communication system. The present application constructs a layered feature extraction mechanism for interference cognition, and progressively fuses link connection state, same-subchannel multiplexing state and user-side interference perception state according to the action path of spectrum interaction relationship, so that the obtained access point features and user equipment features can simultaneously contain connection quality, spectrum multiplexing, interference propagation and energy consumption state information. On this basis, the present application establishes a decision mapping mechanism for hybrid spectrum management actions, converts the aggregated features into subchannel allocation, user association and power allocation decisions, and jointly optimizes the feature extraction mechanism and the decision mapping mechanism through global energy efficiency feedback, thereby improving the spectrum management effect and global energy efficiency in a dynamic low-altitude communication system.

The invention provides an electrochemical method, an electrode and a system for synthesizing hydrogen peroxide without aeration, and relates to the technical field of electrochemical preparation of hydrogen peroxide. The multistage hole penetrating type cathode with a specific multistage hole channel structure is adopted, the oxygen-containing electrolyte penetrates through the multistage hole penetrating type cathode for electrochemical reaction under the non-aeration condition, dissolved oxygen in fluid is forced to make efficient contact with catalytic active sites through the multistage hole channel structure, the mass transfer process is greatly enhanced, and the catalytic activity of the catalyst is improved. And the diffusion limitation of the traditional flow-through electrode is overcome. And meanwhile, the structure required for synthesizing hydrogen peroxide is simplified by an aeration-free operation mode, and the energy consumption and the cost are reduced. Finally, through the synergistic effect of the technical characteristics, the high-yield and high-flux synchronous output of hydrogen peroxide can be realized under the condition that an expensive catalyst and external gas aeration are not needed.

This invention belongs to the field of intelligent agent large language model service technology, and discloses a chip computing system, device and application for intelligent agent large language model. Through the collaborative design of hardware architecture and software scheduling, it systematically solves the core technical challenges faced by intelligent agent large language model services. Specifically, it includes a hardware and software collaborative implementation scheme for resource partitioning, key-value cache management and runtime scheduling of pre-filling, decoding and tool call related workloads in a multi-chip encapsulation and inconsistent memory access environment.

This invention discloses a communication method and system for anti-interference wireless ad hoc networks, relating to the field of wireless networking technology. The method includes: a master node collecting historical interference feature sequences transmitted by each slave node (not part of the ad hoc network) and predicting predicted interference frequency band sequences that may affect each node within a preset future time range; analyzing and quantifying the interference confidence of each predicted interference frequency band sequence by combining historical transmission interaction data between nodes; using the interference confidence as weight, jointly and dynamically allocating transmission time slot frequency bands of the ad hoc network within the preset future time range using an iterative optimization algorithm to generate multiple optimized time slot frequency band sequences capable of actively avoiding high-confidence predicted interference; and precisely controlling the communication behavior of each node within the future time period based on the multiple optimized time slot frequency band sequences. This invention transforms traditional passive interference response into active prediction and avoidance, improving the communication reliability and overall performance of wireless ad hoc networks in complex interference environments.

The invention discloses a high-concurrency trusted computing remote certification method and system based on equipment type adaptation, and relates to the technical scheme that the method comprises the following steps: receiving a registration request which is sent by a client and contains an equipment type identifier; creating a thread pool, packaging the received registration request into a registration processing task, scheduling the registration processing task, analyzing an equipment type field in the registration request, and storing a mapping relationship between a client identifier and an equipment type to a local configuration file; in the challenge certification stage, querying the equipment type of the client from the local configuration file, and selecting an adaptive remote certification protocol according to a preset mapping rule; and packaging response verification operation of the server to the client into a proof processing task, and submitting the proof processing task to a thread pool for high-concurrency scheduling. The method can adapt to multi-form client requests, and can efficiently process large-scale concurrent remote attestation requests at the same time.

The application discloses a patch inductance surface defect detection method and system based on token fusion, and the method comprises the following steps: acquiring a patch inductance defect data set; introducing a token fusion module based on a VisionTransformer network model to perform optimization processing, so as to obtain an optimized VisionTransformer network model; performing surface defect detection processing on the patch inductance defect data set based on the optimized VisionTransformer network model, so as to obtain a patch inductance surface defect detection result. The system comprises an acquisition module, an optimization module and an evaluation module. Through the use of the application, the token fusion module is introduced to realize a patch inductance surface defect rapid and accurate detection module. The application can be widely applied to the field of image recognition technology.

The application relates to a high-pressure-resistant PES filter membrane and a preparation process thereof, which comprises a porous main body, the porous main body comprises a mesoporous layer, a pre-filter layer and a separation layer in sequence along the thickness direction, the surface of one side of the mesoporous layer is a liquid inlet surface, the SEM average pore diameter of the pre-filter layer is larger than that of the mesoporous layer; the PMI average pore diameter of the filter membrane is 0.15-0.6 microns; a plurality of liquid inlet holes are distributed on the liquid inlet surface, the SEM average pore diameter K of the liquid inlet hole is 0.2-1.5 microns, and the hole area rate of the liquid inlet surface is 5-35%; the pore diameter of the liquid inlet hole is not less than 1.5K, which is a main liquid inlet hole, and the hole area rate of the main liquid inlet hole is 2-25%. After the mesoporous layer is introduced into the filter membrane, the mechanical property of the filter membrane is obviously improved, so that the pore structure of the porous main body on the liquid inlet surface and near the liquid inlet surface of the filter membrane does not deform too much under high pressure, so that the filter membrane still maintains a large effective flow channel area, and the high flux and high load of the filter membrane are ensured.

The utility model discloses a multi-bin paper-based micro-fluidic chip for visual detection of bacterial drug resistance. The multi-bin paper-based micro-fluidic chip comprises a hydrophilic paper base, the detection mechanism is a hydrophilic channel established on the hydrophilic paper base; the detection mechanism comprises a sample adding bin and an anti-overflow bin, and the appearance of the anti-overflow bin is circular; one end of the anti-overflow channel is communicated with the sample adding bin, and the other end of the anti-overflow channel is communicated with the anti-overflow bin; the appearance of each reaction bin is an isosceles trapezoid; the plurality of reaction bins are uniformly distributed in a fan shape by taking the circle center of the sample adding bin as a central original point; one end of each diffusion channel is communicated with the reaction bin, and the other end of each diffusion channel is communicated with the sample adding bin; wherein the diffusion channels and the reaction bins are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence manner; the hydrophobic barrier structure is a hydrophobic area formed on the hydrophilic paper base through wax spraying printing along the outer edge of the detection mechanism. According to the multi-bin paper-based micro-fluidic chip for visual detection of bacterial drug resistance, provided by the utility model, rapid, high-throughput and low-cost detection of multiple bacterial drug resistance can be realized.

The invention discloses a high-temperature-resistant solvent-resistant polyurea-based organic solvent reverse osmosis membrane as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The organic solvent reverse osmosis membrane comprises a cross-linked polyimide porous support layer and a polyurea separation layer, wherein the polyurea separation layer is formed by an interfacial polymerization reaction of a water-phase mixed monomer and an organic-phase monomer. According to the invention, Cyclen is introduced as a comonomer to regulate and control the microstructure of the polyurea separation layer, so that the separation performance and solvent permeation flux of the membrane are remarkably improved. The retention rate of the prepared membrane on NaCl in an aqueous solution reaches 97.9%-99.3%, and the water flux reaches 13.7 LMH / MPa; and the retention rate of ibuprofen (206 Da) in an ethanol solution reaches 92.6%, and the ethanol flux reaches 4.52 LMH / MPa. The membrane has excellent solvent resistance and high temperature resistance, the retention rate of NaCl is still kept above 95.8% after the membrane is soaked in DMF (Dimethyl Formamide) at 25 DEG C for 30 days, and the separation performance is not obviously reduced after the membrane is soaked in ethanol at 70 DEG C for 12 days. The preparation method is simple and has a wide application prospect in separation of low-molecular-weight organic mixtures in the fields of chemical engineering, pharmacy and the like.

The invention relates to the technical field of lithium ion batteries, and discloses a disulfide bond dynamic network binder for a silicon-based negative electrode plate, and a preparation method and application thereof, and the preparation method comprises the following steps: carrying out ring opening polymerization on lipoic acid and derivatives thereof, and reacting with a functional monomer containing carbon-carbon double bonds capable of free radical polymerization to obtain a disulfide bond dynamic network binder; the binder containing the disulfide bond dynamic network structure is obtained; the functional monomer is a cross-linking / film-forming monomer or a mixture of the cross-linking / film-forming monomer and a monomer carrying a functional side group; according to the binder disclosed by the invention, reversible network reconstruction is realized through disulfide bond exchange, high binding power and pulverization resistance are considered, continuity of a conductive / ion channel can be maintained, surface resistance of a pole piece is reduced, and cycling stability and rate capability are improved. No additional solvent is added in the whole process, the process is simple, cost is low, and the method is suitable for continuous large-scale production.

The invention provides a communication connection adjustment method and device, electronic equipment and a storage medium, and the method comprises the steps that first communication equipment determines a received signal strength indication of a communication signal received from second communication equipment, and determines a data packet error rate of the communication signal received from the second communication equipment; determining a target communication parameter according to the received signal strength indication and the data packet error rate; and adjusting the communication connection between the first communication device and the second communication device according to the target communication parameter. According to the embodiment of the invention, the PER is used as a core link quality evaluation index, a cooperative discrimination mechanism is formed with the RSSI, two typical link states of high signal strength but obvious interference and low signal strength but stable transmission are effectively distinguished, the problem of misjudgment caused by only depending on RSSI evaluation in the prior art is solved, and the accuracy of rate switching decision and the environmental adaptability are improved.

The application belongs to the field of low-power Internet of Things, and particularly relates to a resource allocation method for a full-duplex wireless power supply backscattering communication system; the method comprises the following steps: constructing a full-duplex wireless power supply backscattering communication system model; considering throughput constraints, transmission power constraints, energy collection constraints, transmission energy consumption constraints, reflection coefficient constraints and time allocation factor constraints, constructing a total throughput maximization resource allocation model with the optimization target of maximizing the total throughput; converting the throughput maximization resource allocation model into four optimization sub-problems; solving the four optimization sub-problems to obtain a resource allocation scheme; and allocating resources according to the resource allocation scheme; the application considers the minimum throughput requirement of each reflection node, meets the quality of service requirement of the reflection node, and improves the system throughput.

The invention relates to the technical field of biosensors, and particularly discloses a preparation method of a multi-channel solid nanopore array. The method comprises the following steps: respectively constructing a group of parallel and independent micro-channels on the front and back surfaces of a chip prepared with a suspended dielectric film window array, enabling the micro-channels on the two surfaces to be orthogonally arranged in space, integrating an independent electrode in each micro-channel, and injecting electrolyte; the electrodes of the micro-channel on one side and the electrodes of the micro-channel on the other side are selectively connected through an external control circuit, namely controllable electric fields can be established on the two sides of the thin film window at the unique intersection point corresponding to the electrodes, so that addressing and selective dielectric breakdown of the window are achieved, all the windows on the whole chip are automatically and sequentially addressed, traversed and processed, and the yield of the chip is improved. And forming a nanopore array. By means of the method, a large number of nanopore arrays can be controllably manufactured on a single chip at a time, and nanopore array machining with high throughput, low cost and high consistency is achieved.

The application relates to a system for realizing rapid mass memory data persistence, data double writing and data pushing in a securities core transaction system, wherein the system comprises a file storage engine, a data analysis engine, a data routing engine, a data persistence engine, a data double writing engine and a data pushing engine, and a plurality of nodes are arranged in the system, and the file storage engine, the data analysis engine, the data routing engine, the data persistence engine, the data double writing engine and the data pushing engine are arranged in the corresponding nodes. The application also relates to a corresponding method. The system and the method for realizing rapid mass memory data persistence, data double writing and data pushing in the securities core transaction system have the advantages that the system is deployed in a cluster mode, the node state is monitored in real time through a master-slave mode, the system reliability is improved, high throughput and low delay are achieved under the premise of high availability, and the data integrity is ensured.

The application discloses a micro-fluidic chip and a method for recovering nucleic acids with different fragment sizes. The method can realize recovery of nucleic acids with different fragment sizes by repeatedly washing and recovering magnetic beads through the micro-fluidic chip. The method can improve the overall nucleic acid recovery effect by adjusting the adding concentration of the magnetic beads and PEG salt and the washing times, and can distinguish and control the nucleic acid length, and all the nucleic acids with different fragment lengths can be obtained by continuously adjusting the concentration. Moreover, the method can realize small volume, high throughput and automation.

The application discloses a cotton bale detection method based on multi-modal data timestamp synchronization and GPU / CPU collaborative acceleration, collects multi-modal data, marks timestamps, and performs GPU accelerated distortion correction on cotton bale images; the multi-modal data is synchronized and integrated according to timestamps; a main program adopts Nodelet combined with C++ multi-threading technology to process the reception of multi-modal data and the publication of multi-modal sensor coordinate systems in parallel, the main program running optimizes the transmission efficiency of multi-modal data; a cotton bale detection model is constructed, the optimized multi-modal data are input for training, the cotton bale detection model after training is optimized using TensorRT, and cotton bale images are input for inference, cotton bale target recognition data are obtained and transmitted to a CPU for post-processing operation, and OpenMP is used to accelerate point cloud traversal in the main program to match the cotton bale target recognition data with laser radar point cloud data; the matched multi-modal data are subjected to point cloud feature and plane fitting calculation, and the rectangular frame, pose information and score of the cotton bale target are obtained.

The application discloses a kind of photoelectric hybrid tensor convolution operation system and method, the system uses same frequency double optical frequency comb, combines wave division multiplexing and demultiplexing technology, combines IQ modulator array, utilizes optical mixer to mix, utilizes photoelectric balance detector to carry out photoelectric conversion, finally utilizes oscilloscope and the like data acquisition device output tensor convolution operation result.The application, data packet is modulated to different optical frequency comb channel, the total signal spectrum spliced in frequency domain is wide, simultaneously reduce the bandwidth requirement of single channel to modulated electrical signal, with higher signal-to-noise ratio and greater bandwidth;In addition, data packet is modulated simultaneously in different channel, complete convolution result can be obtained by once operation via mixer and balance detector, and the application has the advantages of large throughput and adjustable configuration, simple operation, convenient and flexible adjustment;System uses all-fiber device, can be integrated, suitable for subsequent on-chip integration.

This invention relates to the field of satellite communications and addresses the problem of low resource utilization caused by existing hopping beam technology, which only considers the resource allocation of a single satellite and intra-satellite co-channel interference. The method analyzes intra-satellite and inter-satellite interference between two LEO satellites, sets cell weight priorities, and adaptively allocates power based on these priorities to obtain a cell power allocation matrix. Using the average traffic satisfaction of the cell as the optimization objective, the method first considers intra-satellite interference by designing the hopping beam pattern for a single LEO satellite, obtaining the time allocation matrix for each satellite throughout the hopping beam period. Secondly, considering inter-satellite interference, the method rearranges the obtained time allocation matrix using a heuristic algorithm to obtain the final required time slot scheduling matrix. This achieves the avoidance of intra-satellite and inter-satellite interference, significantly improving system throughput while ensuring fairness in user service.

The present disclosure provides an information processing method, device, equipment, storage medium and computer program product, relates to the technical field of computers, and particularly relates to the field of software development. The specific implementation scheme is as follows: acquiring at least one item of information in file information and version information of a specified version in a remote version library; archiving the at least one item of information to obtain an archiving package of the specified version; the type of the archiving package of the specified version is a first type or a second type, the archiving package of the first type carries the file information of the specified version, and the archiving package of the second type carries the file information and the version information of the specified version; sending the archiving package of the specified version to a third-party storage system; and the third-party storage system is used for storing the archiving package. The technical scheme of the present disclosure can archive at least one item of information in the file information and the version information of the specified version in the remote version library and store the information in the third-party storage system, so as to reduce the read-write pressure of the remote version library and improve the overall read-write performance and throughput.

The application is suitable for the biotechnology field, and provides a multiplex amplification method and system and application, wherein the multiplex amplification method comprises the following steps: linear amplification of a target template by using an upstream primer mixture designed for multiple target regions to obtain a first product by purification; the 5' end of the upstream primer contains a universal primer sequence, and the 3' end contains a specific target recognition sequence; linear amplification of the first product by using a downstream primer mixture designed for multiple target regions to obtain a second product by purification; the 5' end of the downstream primer contains a universal primer sequence, and the 3' end contains a specific target recognition sequence; and unified exponential amplification of the second product by using a universal primer. The application innovatively adopts a specific multi-target molecular marker combined with a universal primer amplification strategy to establish a brand-new multi-target DNA fragment amplification technology system, and high uniformity, high specificity and high-throughput multi-target amplification can be realized.

This application relates to the field of interface gateway management technology, and discloses an open application programming interface (API) gateway management system and method. The method includes: responding to a received API call request, extracting the caller's identity information and request context parameters, performing dynamic authentication on the call request, and obtaining the authentication result; obtaining the corresponding rate limiting rules, performing dynamic mixed-mode traffic control on the call request, and obtaining the traffic control result; forwarding the call request to the corresponding backend service, and monitoring the backend service's operating status data in real time during the forwarding process, performing circuit breaker analysis based on the operating status data and preset business semantic rules, and obtaining the circuit breaker control signal; executing the corresponding request processing action according to the circuit breaker control signal, and collecting full-link observable data such as call chain tracing data and network performance data in real time to manage interface calls; this application can effectively intercept replay attacks, abnormal logins from different locations, etc., and improve gateway throughput.