200 results about "Plasma" patented technology

Examples of a plasma compression system are disclosed. The system includes a metallic vessel configured to receive and contain a plasma. The system further includes a metallic liquid liner in the vessel and at least partially bounding a plasma compression region having a longitudinal axis, and means for moving the liquid liner inwardly towards the longitudinal axis to compress the plasma in the plasma compression region. The system further includes a plurality of electrically conductive coils outside the plasma compression region and configured to generate a poloidal magnetic field in the liquid liner and the plasma compression region. At least some of the poloidal magnetic field within the plasma compression region extends along the longitudinal axis, and at least some of the poloidal magnetic field in the liquid liner moves inwardly towards the longitudinal axis with the liquid liner as the liquid liner moves towards the longitudinal axis.

The invention relates to a magnetron sputtering device and a sputtering cathode thereof, the sputtering cathode comprises a target material, a first magnetic field generating device and a second magnetic field generating device, and the target material is provided with a target material surface; the first magnetic field generating device is used for forming a first magnetic field parallel to the surface of the target on the surface of the target; the second magnetic field generating device is used for forming a second magnetic field perpendicular to the surface of the target on the surface of the target; wherein under the combined action of the first magnetic field and the second magnetic field, the plasma area on the surface of the target material is expanded towards the substrate, so that the incident angle distribution of sputtering particles to the substrate is changed, and the sputtering deposition of the side wall of the deep hole or the groove is improved.

This is a Nuclear Fusion Reactor using the Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Cycle (CNO) to generate energy in the form of heat and anti-matter particles such as positrons. The “Carbon Fusion Reactor” is heated to a self-sustaining reaction by the introduction of sodium 22 which decays into positrons and neon 22 via beta positive decay method heating the plasma to above 16 million kelvin upon reacting with electrons. The device is shaped as a tokomak the hydrogen plasma being contained in a magnetic field that is greater than 10,000 Teslas in magnitude allowing the Carbon Fusion events to happen within the torus shaped reaction chamber at 16 million kelvins or higher temperature.

A charged particle system including a plasma source configured to generate an ion beam including a plurality of ion species and an ion beam optics chamber in fluid communication with the plasma source. The ion beam optics chamber includes an electromagnetic element configured to generate a first magnetic field to separate each of the ion species of the plurality of ion species and a conductive container configured to measure a first current corresponding to a first ion species of the plurality of ion species.

The present disclosure may provide methods and systems for exhausting particles from a plasma field using, at least in part, the backside surface of a divertor.

The invention discloses an indole degradation device based on strong ionization discharge plasma and an indole degradation method thereof, and relates to the field of environmental protection and air pollution abatement, the indole degradation device comprises a discharge electrode and a grounding electrode, the discharge electrode is connected with a pulse power supply, the grounding electrode is grounded, and the discharge electrode and the grounding electrode are arranged in parallel; dielectric layers are arranged between the discharge electrode and the grounding electrode, a discharge gap is formed between the dielectric layers, and organic waste gas enters the space between the discharge electrode and the grounding electrode at a certain temperature, relative humidity, flow rate and concentration to be ionized and then enters a product collecting device. By improving the discharge energy density and optimizing the reaction conditions, efficient indole degradation is achieved, meanwhile, generation of by-products is reduced, and the method is suitable for efficient treatment of high-concentration VOCs waste gas.

The present disclosure may provide methods and systems for exhausting particles from a plasma field using, at least in part, the backside surface of a divertor.

The invention discloses a method and device for efficiently preparing plasma activated water, and relates to the technical field of preparation of plasma activated water, and the method comprises the following steps: introducing bubbles on the surface of liquid to increase the contact area of a gas-liquid interface; plasma discharge is generated at a gas-liquid interface by adopting a creeping discharge technology, and a plasma activated substance formed during discharge fully reacts with gas in the bubbles; the energy distribution in the activation process is optimized through the guidance of the external magnetic field on the plasma and the synergistic cooperation of the temperature, and the activation and purification of the liquid to be treated are realized by introducing bubbles on the surface of the liquid and combining with the creeping discharge technology. According to the property and the treatment requirement of the liquid, proper liquid to be treated is selected and injected into the liquid container. The distribution and density of the plasmas are controlled through the adjustable magnetic field, so that surface discharge is more uniform and stable, the energy loss is effectively reduced, and the activity of the plasmas is enhanced.

A chamber cross-sectional multi-stage plasma arrangement characterized by escalating charge movement towards chamber center axis through one or more escalation stages contributing to the heating of the plasma, the centering of the plasma on the chamber axis, and creating rotation of the plasma therein. Rotation of the plasma around its axis induces a self-generated magnetic field, which in turn increases plasma stability and confinement. Some of the said stages of the multi-stage arrangement may be created by physical elements and components while others may be induced or generated by externally applying magnetic and / or electric fields or their combinations and / or by injection of electrons, ions or other plasma.

The invention discloses a coil excitation Hall thruster magnetic circuit structure suitable for a krypton working medium, relates to the technical field of aerospace technology and plasma propulsion, and solves the problems of low ionization efficiency and insufficient characteristic length of an existing Hall thruster after krypton is used. A magnetic conductive inner core is arranged at one end of a bottom plate, and a magnetic conductive cover is arranged at the other end; an inner magnetic pole is arranged at the upper end of the magnetic conductive inner core; an inner coil is arranged between the inner magnetic pole and the bottom plate and corresponds to the outer side of the magnetic conductive inner core; an outer coil is arranged between the outer magnetic pole and the bottom plate and corresponds to the inner side of the magnetic conductive cover; a ceramic channel is arranged between the inner coil and the outer coil; the bottom plate comprises an inner bottom plate and an outer bottom plate, the inner bottom plate and the outer bottom plate are coaxially arranged, and a bottom plate gap is formed between the inner bottom plate and the outer bottom plate. The characteristic length of a magnetic field in a discharge channel can be remarkably prolonged, the krypton ionization efficiency is improved, and meanwhile the structure of the thruster is simplified.

The application discloses a kind of based on plasma atomization gas auxiliary electric spray ionization method, comprising the following steps: a) sample solution is introduced into electric spray needle;B) open plasma initiation device, make plasma initiation device discharge and generate plasma in plasma atomization gas gas path;C) atomization gas is introduced into plasma atomization gas gas path, and the atomization gas under the action of plasma forms plasma atomization gas;D) open high-voltage power supply, and sample solution is under the action of high-voltage electricity and plasma atomization gas and generates spray and forms sample ion, and the sample ion formed enters mass spectrometer by mass spectrometry inlet channel.This application can improve sensitivity, and under the premise that compound fragmentation dissociation does not occur, it is used for electric spray unfriendly solvent and difficult to detect low polarity compound detection, which can be compatible with normal phase liquid chromatography commonly used solvent, and can also reduce the influence of common complex matrix effect in electric spray ionization.

This invention discloses a copper-tungsten oxide / zinc oxide heterojunction photocatalyst, its preparation method, and its application, belonging to the field of nanomaterials and photocatalysis technology. Firstly, a single-atom copper-modified plasma W-type photocatalyst is synthesized using a solution-thermal method combined with an impregnation-thermal reduction process. 18 O 49 Nanowires were first prepared; then porous ZnO nanosheets were prepared via a hydrothermal method combined with calcination; finally, single-atom copper-modified plasma W was constructed via electrostatic self-assembly. 18 O 49 Nanowire / porous ZnO nanosheet heterojunction composite material. This invention utilizes the above-described preparation method to prepare Cu-W nanowires with matched band structures. 18 O 49 / ZnO heterojunction can realize the photogenerated electrons of ZnO into the plasma Cu-W 18 O 49 Nanowire implantation stabilizes and increases the surface oxygen vacancy concentration and free electron density, thereby enhancing the surface plasmon resonance effect and promoting the continuous generation of high-energy hot electrons. Single-atom copper active sites and W 18 O 49 The synergistic effect of nanowires enables the enriched hot carriers to efficiently and selectively photocatalytically reduce CO2 to CH4.

A plasma focus system for neutron production is disclosed that includes an electrode assembly having an inner electrode extending along a pinch axis from a discharge end to a focus end, and an outer electrode surrounding the inner electrode to define a plasma channel for receiving a gas containing neutronic fusion fuel. The system also includes a power supply unit for applying a discharge driving signal to the electrodes, which causes the gas to be ionized into a plasma current sheath at the discharge end that flows along the plasma channel to reach the focus end where the sheath collapses toward the pinch axis to form a plasma pinch that generates fusion neutrons. The inner electrode has a tapered tip at the focus end that is configured to increase a speed of the sheath sufficiently to reach a pinch temperature at which the fusion neutrons are predominantly of thermonuclear origin.

The invention discloses a soft X-ray source device and a soft X-ray generation method, the soft X-ray source device comprises a compact plasma ring assembly, the compact plasma ring assembly generates a compact plasma ring, a copper target is used as a stagnation target of the plasma ring and is used for converting kinetic energy of the plasma ring into heat energy and radiation energy through collision, and the heat energy and the radiation energy are used for generating the soft X-ray. Through energy exchange and thermalization balance between ions and electrons, the electrons are stripped from the ions, and soft X-ray radiation is excited. Soft X-ray energy mainly comes from kinetic energy of a plasma ring instead of ohmic heating, limitation of the current rising rate is fundamentally avoided, the plasma ring impacts a stagnation target, the kinetic energy is converted into hot pressing, non-equilibrium ionization of target material atoms is triggered, soft X-ray emission is dominated, and the soft X-ray yield is determined by plasma momentum flux. And the soft X-rays are not directly associated with the instantaneous change of the driving current, so that the soft X-rays can be more accurately controlled and continuously and stably output with higher energy can be kept.

The invention provides a method for growing a WS2 film based on PECVD, and belongs to the technical field of film growth. According to the method, the ionized sulfur source and the mixed shielding gas Ar are used, and the porous WO3 or WF6 is used as the precursor, so that the efficient growth of the WS2 film is realized. The method comprises the following steps: preparing a precursor; gas introduction: plasma excitation; growing a film; and post-processing. According to the method disclosed by the invention, the activity of reactants can be remarkably improved through plasma excitation, so that a faster growth rate can be realized at similar and even lower temperatures, and test results of Raman spectroscopy, XRD, AFM, electricity / optics and the like can prove that the WS2 film grown by adopting the method disclosed by the invention has good crystallinity and uniformity, high quality and high yield. The method is suitable for preparation of high-performance devices.

The invention discloses a multi-physics-field-assisted laser micromachining method based on seed electrons, which comprises the following steps: introducing an ionized gas flow into a laser and material interaction area, and ionizing gas by the ionized gas flow through high-voltage discharge to form a high-speed gas flow containing free electrons and charged ions; free electrons are conveyed to a laser and material interaction area through ionized airflow, the free electrons serve as seed electrons to promote avalanche ionization, the phase change and ionization process after the material absorbs laser energy is accelerated, and the ablation threshold value of the material is reduced; ablated products are discharged from the machining area through high-speed airflow, and meanwhile the machining area is cooled; the ionized airflow forms a space electric field on an interface where the laser and the material interact so as to restrain plasma expansion in a machining area and enable ablation chippings to be electrified to restrain agglomeration and deposition, and therefore the quality of the machined surface of the material is improved.

The invention discloses a plasma temperature calculation method for CF-LIPS quantitative analysis, and relates to the technical field of elemental component detection.The method comprises the steps that S1, it is assumed that m data points of n elements participate in calculation, and a linear model of the elements is established according to spectral lines of the n elements and related spectral line parameters; s2, constructing a model matrix according to the m data points; s3, constructing a target loss function by adopting a least square method; s4, calculating an optimal model parameter of the target loss function constructed in the step S3; and S5, the relative content of the elements is calculated according to a Saha-Boltzmann graph method. The method provided by the invention is based on the consistency of the plasma temperature of each element under the local thermodynamic equilibrium condition in the CF-LIPS method, can solve the problems of difficulty in plasma temperature valuing and large temperature difference among different components caused by spectral line scarcity of trace components, and can effectively improve the component quantification precision of CF-LIPS.

The invention discloses a Beta radioactive isotope coating and magnetic confinement enhanced air-breathing electric propulsion ionization method. The method is characterized by comprising the following steps: selecting a plasma generation assembly without electrode discharge; the ionization is enhanced by adopting Beta radioactive isotope; arranging a magnetic field in the beta ray radiation direction to carry out magnetic field constraint; by dynamically adjusting the magnetic induction intensity and regulating and controlling the plasma state and the ionization rate, the Beta radioactive isotope (such as nickel-63) is creatively adopted, and the device has the advantages that the service life is long, the protection requirement is low, and mechanical compression and heating cannot induce nuclear reaction. And the requirement on the activity of the radioactive source is fundamentally reduced, so that the material cost and the safety risk are greatly reduced, and the practicability and the safety of the electric propulsion system are improved.

Embodiments herein provide a single step process for converting a mixture of gases or flue gases containing CO2, N2, and H2O to urea using a plasma as an energy source. The gas mixture is exposed to a high voltage AC or DC or pulse or subjected to a radio frequency electric field, the electrical species (ions, radicals, etc.) of the gas are introduced into electrically activated or ionized water of solvated electrons, radicals, or ions containing solvated electrons, hydrogen, and other ions or radicals in a plasma state that produces the gas mixture in the presence of a catalyst. Urea is synthesized in such a reducing water medium by co-reduction of amine ions or ions of nitrogen oxides and oxide carbon ions. Also disclosed is a method of increasing the interaction surface area between a plasma field and a gas mixture under water using the electrically activated nanoliquid drop. In addition, the single-step method disclosed by the invention can also be used for synthesizing ammonia (NH3). The disclosed methods may help reduce CO2 emissions from the industry, or may reduce the CO2 concentration in the air.

A method of metal gap filling includes depositing a metal layer on a dielectric layer present on a field and / or in a feature opening by plasma enhanced atomic layer deposition, the method using a metal halide precursor and a plasma containing hydrogen and an inert gas; and depositing a metal gap fill material directly over the metal layer over the field and in the opening, wherein the metal gap fill material fully fills the opening.

Magnetic field systems can generate dynamically varying strong magnetic fields to confine and control particles, objects, or plasmas. Coils in the magnetic field systems used to control the plasma can be used to collect energy from the expanding plasma.

The utility model provides a plasma discharge ionization device, which relates to the plasma ionization field and comprises a sample injection needle fixing piece, a sample injection needle, a tubular electrode and a fixing body, the sample injection needle penetrates into the tubular electrode, one end of the tubular electrode is connected with the sample injection needle fixing piece, the other end of the tubular electrode is connected with the fixing body, and the fixing body is connected with the sample injection needle fixing piece. And a front electrode is arranged at the front end of the fixing body. By adopting the separation type design, the sample needle end electrode can be separated from the sample needle, and the aims of quickly replacing a detection sample substance, reducing the cost, randomly adjusting the position of each component and quickly optimizing the detection sample parameter can be achieved.

The invention provides a method for analyzing spark discharge generated by interaction of electromagnetic waves and gas, and relates to the technical field of plasmas. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, based on PIC / MCC model simulation, according to ionization, excitation and collision data of charged particles and gas molecules, analyzing an ionization process to obtain an ionization field intensity threshold value, analyzing different gases to obtain a breakdown voltage estimated value, and analyzing gas breakdown according to the environment to generate electric spark discharge; and electromagnetic situation prediction is added to obtain a prediction result. According to the method, gas breakdown caused by field intensity is analyzed, results of coal dust and the like in the environment are corrected, and the future electromagnetic field environment can be predicted, so that the method can effectively analyze more accurate results of spark discharge generated by interaction of electromagnetic waves and medium discontinuous interfaces.

The invention discloses a furnace end with high-energy plasma restrained by a magnetic field and an electric flame stove. The furnace end comprises an upper shell, a lower shell, a plurality of plasma combustors and a furnace end fan. The permanent magnet enables a magnetic field to be generated in the plasma burner, so that the plasma is restrained by magnetic induction lines, and the cathode tube is prevented from being influenced by high heat; the space distance between the two electrodes is lengthened, more chances of gas molecules to collide with electrons are increased, plasma formed after gas is ionized is restrained in the axis area of the plasma burner, then the collision probability between charged particles is increased, and the temperature of the plasma is further increased; the magnetron is installed between the upper shell and the lower shell, in the arc striking starting stage, the magnetron emits high-frequency microwaves to accelerate electrons in air molecules, the electrons impact and ionize the air molecules, low-density initial plasmas are formed, the initial plasmas shorten the conductive arc striking distance between the two electrodes, and long-distance arc striking is achieved.

A magnetic field system can generate strong dynamically changing magnetic fields to constrain and control particles, objects or plasmas. A coil in a magnetic field system for controlling the plasma may be used to harvest energy from the expanded plasma.

The Pulsed Metal Plasma Thruster (MPT) cube comprises multiple thrusters. Each thruster has a first cathode electrode, a trigger electrode separated from the first electrode by sufficient insulator to sustain an initiating plasma, and a porous anode electrode positioned a distance away from all sides of the cathode electrode. The cathode electrode can be either the inner or outer electrode. A power supply supplies a high-voltage pulse to the trigger electrode sufficient to initiate a plasma on the surface of the insulator relative to the cathode electrode. This plasma travels between the anode electrode and the cathode electrode of a selected thruster, thereby generating a thrust pulse.

A direct converter for an axisymmetric mirror confinement system comprises a set of radially symmetric vanes that are charged to trap ions escaping along the axis of the confinement system and convert their energy into electrical power. An electron trap located in front of the charged vanes uses a magnetic field to guide and collect the electrons and separate them from the ions. The electron trap is capable of supporting a radial electric field that controls the plasma. The charged vanes may be made of or have a coating of a getter material that absorbs neutrals from the trapped ions.