44 results about "Negative potential" patented technology

An electrical on-board power supply of a vehicle includes a traction battery, a charging connection for coupling to a DC charging station, a positive potential line, a negative potential line, reference potential line, and a voltage measuring device between the positive potential line and the reference potential line and / or between the negative potential line and the reference potential line. A DC converter is arranged in the positive potential line and / or in the negative potential line. An isolating element is arranged in the positive potential line and / or in the negative potential line. A processing unit is configured to evaluate the measured voltage(s) and to control opening of the respective isolating element. The processing unit is configured to cause the respective isolating element to open when the triggering criterion or one of the multiple or all of the triggering criteria is / are determined to occur.

A malfunction of an upper arm switching element, caused when an output of a power converter circuit assumes a negative potential and undershoots, is prevented. An upper arm driver circuit comprises: a first switching element SW1, which is connected between a gate and a reference potential terminal of an upper arm switching element Q1; a second switching element SW2, which has a drain that is connected to a gate of the first switching element SW1;and a potential control circuit 4, and the potential control circuit 4 performs a control to make a potential of a source of the second switching element SW2 to a first potential V1 at which the first switching element SW1 can be kept in an on state even if the second switching element SW2 is switched on due to a malfunction in a first period T1, during which at least the reference potential terminal of the upper arm switching element Q1 is a negative potential and causes an undershoot AND, and to make the potential of the source of the second switching element SW2 to a second potential V2 that is lower than the first potential V1 and at which the first switching element SW1 can be switched off when the second switching element SW2 is switched on in a subsequent second period T2.

An electron detector (22) for an electron microscope (10), which generates a primary electron beam (16) to illuminate a sample (18), has a tubular section (32) with an internal volume (34). The primary electron beam (16) can pass through the internal volume (34) to illuminate the sample (18). The electron detector (22) has a detector element (26) located outside the tubular section (32) and configured to detect electrons moving from the sample (18) in a second direction (42) opposite to the direction of the primary electron beam (16). In the second direction (42) upstream of the detector element (26), a filter grating (28) is arranged, extending in a third direction (60) perpendicular to the beam direction of the electron beam (16).The electron detector (22) has an insulator (36) that electrically isolates the filter grid (28) and the tubular section (32) from each other, so that the filter grid (28) can be at a negative electrical potential relative to the housing (24). A plurality of electrodes (48, 50, 52) made of an electrically conductive material are arranged outside the tubular section (32) and are configured to generate a predominantly homogeneous electric field (56) between the filter grid (28) and the detector element (26). The electric field (56) has equipotential lines (66) that run predominantly parallel to the filter grid (28) in the third direction (60).The electrodes (48, 50, 52) are further configured to selectively distort the electric field (56) in the region of the insulator (36) such that the equipotential lines (66) in a defined area (68) between the filter grid (28) and the detector element (26) exhibit an inhomogeneous, predominantly downward slope. The defined area (68) extends from the filter grid (28) in the second direction (42) and from the tubular section (32) in the third direction (60).

This invention discloses a control method, apparatus, and device for an ANPC-type three-level inverter, including a three-level inverter circuit. The method includes: firstly, determining whether the inverter is switching from a first mode to a second mode; calculating the collector voltage value based on the DC bus voltage, the bridge arm current of the inverter circuit, a preset stray inductance, and a voltage safety margin; if the collector voltage value is less than or equal to a preset voltage value, and the first mode and the second mode meet a first preset condition, and the junction temperature of the outer transistor is greater than or equal to a first preset temperature, and / or the junction temperature of the clamping transistor connected to the outer transistor is greater than or equal to a second preset temperature, then the inner transistor is turned off and another clamping transistor is turned on; the first preset condition includes the first mode outputting a positive potential, the second mode outputting a zero potential, and the output current being greater than zero, or the first mode outputting a negative potential, the second mode outputting a zero potential, and the output current being less than zero. This method evens out the losses of transistors with higher junction temperatures to the inner transistor, preventing transistor damage.

A sputtering gas containing a rare gas is introduced into a vacuum chamber 1 of a vacuum atmosphere, an electric power with a negative potential is supplied to a target 2, a positive potential is applied to the reflector plate 4, a plasma is generated, and subsequently the supply of the sputtering gas is stopped, then the target is sputtered while a self-holding discharge under low pressure of plasma is generated. A high-frequency bias power is supplied from a high-frequency power source 61 through an impedance matching device 62 to a stage 5 on which an object to be deposited is mounted. An electron matcher having at least one variable reactor to be electronically controlled is used as an impedance matching device, and a high-frequency bias power is intermittently supplied to the stage at a predetermined frequency.

The application discloses a glow cathode plasma source with a light transmission gap, belongs to the field of plasma discharge, and aims at solving the problem that the existing glow discharge equipment cannot realize optical monitoring. The glow cathode plasma source comprises a holding electrode, a quartz glass and a front end of an electron extraction electrode which is rotated and cut to have a hole for transporting plasma; the upper end of a cathode side wall surface is provided with a C-shaped gap, the upper end of a holding electrode side wall surface is provided with a first L-shaped gap, and the upper end of an electron extraction electrode side wall surface is provided with a second L-shaped gap; a working gas enters a chamber surrounded by the cathode through a gas inlet pipe; the cathode is provided with an external connecting post for applying a negative potential, the holding electrode is provided with an external connecting post for applying a positive high-voltage potential, and the working gas is broken down to generate plasma in a vacuum environment; and an optical monitor monitors the generated plasma through the C-shaped gap, the first L-shaped gap, the second L-shaped gap and the quartz glass. The application is used for a glow discharge plasma source.

The present application provides an ion beam blocking apparatus and a semiconductor process device. The ion beam blocking apparatus comprises an ion screening member and an ion collection member that are sequentially arranged along an ion movement direction and electrically insulated from each other; an enclosed space is formed between the ion screening member and the ion collection member, the ion screening member is provided with a plurality of screening holes for ions to pass through, and the screening holes are communicated with the enclosed space; and when a positive potential and a negative potential are applied to the ion screening member and the ion collection member respectively, an electric field formed in the enclosed space can guide ions to pass through the screening holes into the enclosed space and move toward the ion collection member.

An optoelectronic sensor and a method of forming the same, and an electronic device, the optoelectronic sensor comprising: a first opening through a dielectric layer over a pixel substrate and an interconnect layer of a lead region; a first pad layer at a bottom of the first opening and in contact with the interconnect layer; a passivation layer filling the first opening and on a first surface, covering the first pad layer and a conductive layer; a second opening in the passivation layer and exposing the first surface of the pixel substrate and a top surface of an isolation structure, the second opening being in a grid pattern; a metal layer filling the second opening and in contact with the conductive layer; and a second pad layer on the passivation layer of the first surface and connected to the metal layer. By applying a negative potential to the second pad layer, the conductive layer of the isolation structure is connected to the negative potential through the metal layer, which is conducive to adsorbing positive charges on the sidewall of the isolation structure, thereby improving the interface state of the sidewall of the isolation structure and reducing the dark current of the pixel unit.

The invention discloses a negative power supply working level decision circuit, and relates to the technical field of electronic circuits. The level decision circuit for working of the negative power supply receives an enable signal through a signal receiving module and outputs a corresponding output logic level through a logic processing module according to the voltage of the enable signal, and the high level of the output logic level is zero potential; and the low level of the output logic level is negative potential. By implementing the level decision circuit for working of the negative power supply recorded by the embodiment of the invention, when the internal working voltage of the enable pin is negative voltage, the on and off of the circuit can be controlled under the two voltage conditions that the enable pin applies positive voltage and negative voltage at the same time.

The invention discloses a battery voltage anomaly analysis method, device and equipment and a storage medium, and relates to the technical field of batteries. The method comprises the following steps: charging and discharging a preset battery to obtain positive electrode potential data and negative electrode potential data; time derivation is carried out according to the positive electrode potential data and the negative electrode potential data, and a positive electrode voltage change rate and a negative electrode voltage change rate are obtained; and analyzing a battery abnormal result according to the positive voltage change rate and the negative voltage change rate. Therefore, the positive potential data and the negative potential data are obtained and derived to obtain the positive voltage change rate and the negative voltage change rate, the reasons of the voltage abnormity are further checked according to the positive voltage change rate and the negative voltage change rate, the reasons of the positive electrode and the negative electrode are clarified, the method is simple, efficient and rapid, and the voltage abnormity analysis efficiency is improved. And meanwhile, irreversible damage to the battery is avoided.

The application provides a negative voltage sampling circuit and a battery protection circuit, wherein the negative voltage sampling circuit comprises a sampling voltage terminal D, a detection voltage terminal A receiving a detection voltage VM, a third switch W3 connected between a node B and the detection voltage terminal A, a second switch W2 connected between the node B and a ground terminal G, a capacitor C1 connected between the node B and the sampling voltage terminal D, and a first switch W1 connected between the sampling voltage terminal D and the ground terminal G. Compared with the prior art, the application realizes absolute value sampling of the negative voltage VM through a switched capacitor, and the negative voltage sampling circuit does not need to provide a positive reference voltage VREF, so that the circuit is simple to realize.

This invention discloses an anode material for hydrogen production via water electrolysis, its preparation method, and its application, belonging to the field of water electrolysis hydrogen production technology. The preparation method includes the following steps: using a three-electrode system, with NiFe layered double hydroxide as the working electrode, Pt as the counter electrode, Hg / HgO as the reference electrode, and ammonium molybdate solution as the electrolyte, applying a constant negative potential to the working electrode, and performing electrochemical Mo doping to obtain the anode material for water electrolysis hydrogen production. The catalytic activity of the anode material for water electrolysis hydrogen production of this invention is significantly improved, while the Tafel slope is reduced, making it suitable for industrial-grade high current density water electrolysis.

A method for providing a plasma for plasma treatment of a surface of a substrate, includes providing a process chamber with a substrate in the process chamber; and providing a shielding electrode grid in the process chamber so that a Faraday cage is formed around the substrate, or the part of the substrate to be processed. The shielding electrode grid is electrically conductive and is connected to ground or to a negative potential with respect to ground. providing a plasma in the process chamber. A voltage is applied to the substrate. The shielding electrode grid extends above the surface of the substrate to be plasma treated at a distance of less than or equal to 10 mean free paths of the ions in the plasma. A corresponding device performs a method for providing a plasma for plasma treatment of a surface of a substrate.

Effectively modifies oil. [Solution] The oil reforming apparatus comprises: a negative electrode section inserted into the oil in the oil tank, having a negative electrode plate and to which a negative potential is supplied; a positive electrode section inserted into the oil, not in contact with the negative electrode section, having a positive electrode plate facing the negative electrode plate and to which a positive potential is supplied; an insulating spacer sandwiched between the negative electrode plate and the positive electrode plate, fixing the negative electrode plate and the positive electrode plate to face each other without contact, and setting the distance between the negative electrode plate and the positive electrode plate to a distance to which charge can move; and a first flow chamber formed between the negative electrode plate and the positive electrode plate through which the oil can flow.

The present invention provides an electron beam inspection device that can reduce the potential change of the positive electrode immediately after blanking is released. [Solution] The electron beam inspection apparatus includes an objective lens that images a primary electron beam onto a sample. A negative potential is applied to the sample. The objective lens has an electromagnetic lens that forms a magnetic field in the gap between the inner diameter end of the Wehnert electrode and the inner diameter end of the yoke, and has a Wehnert electrode positioned opposite the sample as viewed from the Wehnert electrode, to which a negative potential is applied, and a positive potential electrode positioned opposite the sample as viewed from the Wehnert electrode, to which a positive potential is applied, and a ground electrode positioned between the Wehnert electrode and the positive potential electrode to prevent backscattered electrons emitted from the sample from colliding with the positive potential electrode, and is electrically grounded.

The present invention provides a polishing pad and polishing apparatus that enable efficient cleaning of the polishing pad after polishing, when using a weakly acidic slurry that becomes negatively charged during polishing of the workpiece, by suppressing the re-adsorption of foreign matter onto the polished surface of the polishing layer. [Solution] According to one aspect of the present invention, a polishing pad 10 is provided, comprising a polishing layer 11, wherein the polishing layer 11 contains a resin 11B, the zeta potential A at the polishing surface 11A of the polishing layer 11 measured using an electrolyte with a pH of 5.0 is 0 mV or a positive zeta potential, and the zeta potential B at the polishing surface 11A of the polishing layer 11 measured using an electrolyte with a pH of 7.0 is a negative zeta potential.

The invention relates to an on-board electrical system arrangement (1) comprising: a high-voltage battery (2), a high-voltage electrical system (3), a low-voltage electrical system (6), a low-voltage power source (7), and a DC / DC converter (8). The high-voltage electrical system (3) and the high-voltage battery (2) are interconnected via main potential lines (HV+, HV-) with switching elements (S+, S-). A low-voltage side (LV) of the DC / DC converter (8) is connected to the low-voltage electrical system (6) and the low-voltage power source (7), and a negative potential connection line (AL-) of the DC / DC converter (8) is connected to a high-voltage side (HV) of the DC / DC converter (8) and to the high-voltage battery (2). According to the invention, a positive potential connection line (AL+) of the DC / DC converter (8), in which a disconnect switch (TS) is arranged, is connected to the high-voltage side (HV) of the DC / DC converter (8) and to the high-voltage battery (2), and a positive potential bypass line (BL+) to the switching element (S+) arranged in the positive potential main line (HV+), in which a pre-charge switch (VS+) is arranged, is connected between the high-voltage side (HV) of the DC / DC converter (8) and the disconnect switch (TS) to the positive potential connection line (AL+) and between the switching element (S+) arranged in the positive potential main line (HV+) and the high-voltage vehicle electrical system (3) to the positive potential main line (HV+).

This application relates to the field of semiconductor technology, specifically to plasma processing equipment and a method for controlling the ion concentration in the substrate processing area. It solves the technical problems of long process gas switching times and low intake / exhaust efficiency caused by the use of remote plasma sources or ion filter grids in existing technologies. This application involves setting a first conductive structure outside the substrate processing area within the process chamber. By controlling the state of the first conductive structure—for example, placing it at a negative potential, floating it, placing it at a positive potential, or grounding it—when the process chamber is operating in a free radical-based first process, the negative charge of the first conductive structure enables precise separation of free radicals and ions. This effectively suppresses ion diffusion into the substrate, eliminates the need for RPS or ion filter grids, improves intake / exhaust efficiency, and helps increase production capacity.

The invention relates to an electron detector (22) for an electron microscope (10) which generates a primary electron beam (16) in order to illuminate a sample (18), said electron detector having a tubular portion (32) with an internal volume (34). The primary electron beam (16) can pass through the internal volume (34) in order to illuminate the sample (18). The electron detector (22) has a detector element (26) which is arranged outside the tubular portion (32) and which is designed to detect electrons which, coming from the sample (18), move in a second direction (42) counter to the direction of the primary electron beam (16). A filter grid (28) is arranged in front of the detector element (26) in the second direction (42), said filter grid extending in a third direction (60) which runs transversely to the beam direction of the electron beam (16). The electron detector (22) has an insulator (36) which electrically insulates the filter grid (28) and the tubular portion (32) from one another such that the filter grid (28) can be at a negative electrical potential relative to the housing (24). A plurality of electrodes (48, 50, 52) made of an electrically conductive material are arranged outside the tubular portion (32) and are designed to produce a predominantly homogeneous electric field (56) between the filter grid (28) and the detector element (26). The electric field (56) has equipotential lines (66) which run in the third direction (60), predominantly parallel to the filter grid (28). The electrodes (48, 50, 52) are also designed to distort the electric field (56) in the region of the insulator (36) in a targeted manner such that the equipotential lines (66) have an inhomogeneous, predominantly falling profile in a defined region (68) between the filter grid (28) and the detector element (26). The defined region (68) extends in the second direction (42) proceeding from the filter grid (28) and in the third direction (60) proceeding from the tubular portion (32).

The invention relates to a method for operating an energy converter (10, 12, 14, 16, 18) for electrically coupling a first DC electrical system (20) with an electric machine (22), wherein the electric machine has a stator winding (26) with at least two phase windings (28, 30, 32) which is coupled via a respective first switching element (34, 36, 38) to a positive potential (52), via a respective second switching element (40, 42, 44) to a negative potential (54) and via a respective third switching element (46, 48, 50) to an intermediate electrical potential (56).According to the invention, the third switching elements each have two anti-series connected switching element transistors (64, 66) which are electrically connected to each other at a central terminal (68, 70, 72), wherein at least between two central terminals a primary winding (76, 78, 80, 98) of a transformer (82, 84, 86, 88) is connected, wherein the switching element transistors are operated in such a way that they are subjected to voltage pulses.

An electron beam inspection device includes an objective lens that forms an image of a primary electron beam on a negatively biased sample. The lens comprises an electromagnetic lens with a Wehnelt electrode facing the sample, to which a negative potential is applied, and a yoke disposed opposite the sample, magnetically connected to the Wehnelt electrode but electrically insulated. A magnetic field is generated in the gap between their inner-diameter ends. A positive potential electrode is placed opposite the sample, and a ground electrode is positioned between the Wehnelt and positive electrodes to prevent backscattered electrons from colliding with the positive electrode.

An electron beam inspection apparatus includes an objective lens that forms an image of a primary electron beam on a sample. A negative potential is applied to the sample. The objective lens is provided with: an electromagnetic lens which is disposed so as to face a sample and to which a negative potential is applied, and which has a yoke which is disposed on the opposite side from the sample when viewed from the Wigner electrode, and which is magnetically connected and electrically insulated from the Wigner electrode; the electromagnetic lens forms a magnetic field in a gap between the inner diameter side end portion of the Venula electrode and the inner diameter side end portion of the magnet yoke. A positive potential electrode which is disposed on the opposite side from the sample when viewed from the Venal electrode and to which a positive potential is applied; and a ground electrode that is disposed between the Venal electrode and the positive potential electrode and is electrically grounded so as to prevent the backscattered electrons emitted from the sample from colliding with the positive potential electrode.

The invention discloses a direct-current submerged arc furnace and a low-carbon manganese-silicon alloy production process thereof, and belongs to the technical field of submerged arc furnaces. The direct-current submerged arc furnace comprises a submerged arc furnace body, and the top of the submerged arc furnace body is connected with a furnace cover in a sealed mode; the charging pipeline vertically penetrates through the furnace cover and is fixedly connected with the furnace cover, and the upper end of the charging pipeline is connected with the charging barrel; the central cathode electrode penetrates through the furnace cover along the longitudinal axis, extends into the inner cavity of the submerged arc furnace body and is used for conducting the cathode potential of the direct-current power supply; the transformer is arranged outside the submerged arc furnace body and is electrically connected with the power supply system and the electrode system through wires; the anode electrodes are distributed on the side wall or the furnace bottom area of the submerged arc furnace body and are in a non-uniform annular array, and each anode electrode is fixed to the furnace wall structure through an insulating flange sleeve and connected with the positive electrode of the direct-current power source. Optimized distribution of an electric field and a temperature field is achieved, the heat uniformity and the reaction efficiency of a molten pool are effectively improved, the anode utilization rate and the electric energy conversion efficiency are improved, and the electrode loss and the furnace lining erosion rate are reduced.

The present disclosure provides a system comprising: a light emitting diode (LED); a switching circuit configured to: when in a first state, connect an anode of the LED to a positive potential and a cathode of the LED to a ground potential, thereby enabling current to flow through the LED in a first direction; and when in a second state, perform one of: connecting the ground potential to the anode of the LED; connecting a negative potential to the anode of the LED; and connecting the cathode of the LED to the positive potential and the anode of the LED to the ground potential, thereby enabling current to flow through the LED in a second direction, wherein the second direction is opposite to the first direction; and a driver module configured to selectively transition the switching circuit from the first state to the second state and from the second state to the first state.

The invention discloses an anti-scale pipe column for transferring scale through microelectronics induction and a using method of the anti-scale pipe column, the anti-scale pipe column is connected to the lower portion of an oil well pump, and oil well liquid enters a reciprocating plunger pump after passing through the pipe column. The anti-scale pipe column comprises an outer sleeve, a negative potential power source, a conductive central pipe and a lower connector with a scale collecting cavity, the upper end of the outer sleeve is connected with an oil well pump through a connecting nipple, and the lower end of the outer sleeve is connected with the lower connector; a liquid inlet hole is formed in the lower portion of the outer sleeve, an insulating sleeve is arranged on the inner wall of the outer sleeve, the conductive center pipe is vertically installed in the outer sleeve through an insulating support, and the negative potential power source is fixed to the conductive center pipe. The tubular column utilizes negative potential to induce a scaling medium electric field to induce scale ions to form scales in the tubular column and collect the scales in the scale collection cavity, so that liquid is prevented from entering an oil well pump to form scales, the oil extraction efficiency is effectively improved, and the pump inspection period is prolonged.

The invention relates to the field of electrodialysis, and discloses an electrodialysis device and an electrodialysis cathode and anode voltage control method.The electrodialysis device comprises an anode plate used for driving cations to migrate to the cathode plate, the cathode plate used for driving anions to migrate to the anode plate, and a direct-current power source used for providing positive potential for the anode plate and providing negative potential for the cathode plate, the anode plate comprises a plurality of anode plate sections, the cathode plate comprises a plurality of cathode plate sections, and the direct current power supply comprises a plurality of sub power supplies with different voltages. The anode plate and the cathode plate are divided into a plurality of sections, and the voltage of the anode plate and the cathode plate is gradually increased along the flowing direction of raw water, so that the quantity of ion transition close to an inlet of a compartment is reduced, the quantity of ion transition close to an outlet of the compartment is increased, and the abrasion of an exchange membrane close to the inlet of the compartment is reduced through the design; and meanwhile, the ion migration efficiency is improved by utilizing high voltage close to the outlets of the compartments.

The invention discloses an iron / activated carbon composite electrode for removing oxysalts including perchlorate in water as well as a preparation method and application of the iron / activated carbon composite electrode, and belongs to the field of water treatment technologies and environmental functional materials. According to the electrode, activated carbon (AC) serves as a substrate, nanoscale zero-valent iron particles are loaded through an impregnation-calcination method, and the iron / activated carbon (Fe / AC) composite electrode is obtained. The electrode realizes electro-adsorption enrichment of target anions (such as ClO4 <->) by periodically switching an external potential, firstly applying a positive potential, then converting the target anions into a negative potential, and efficiently reducing the target anions into non-toxic and harmless chloride ions through the synergistic effect of direct electron transfer (DET) and hydrogenation reduction. The Fe / AC electrode prepared by the method has the characteristics of low cost, high catalytic activity, good stability and the like, has an excellent removal effect on persistent inorganic pollutants including low-concentration perchlorate in water, and is particularly suitable for deep purification of underground water and drinking water.

The present invention provides a liquid crystal panel with suppressed signal delay, and a display device equipped with the above-mentioned liquid crystal panel. [Solution] A liquid crystal panel comprising a display area and a bezel area, having a first substrate, a second substrate and a liquid crystal layer, the first substrate or the second substrate having bezel wiring, the first substrate comprising a first electrode and a second electrode electrically connected to the bezel wiring and a switching element, wherein a first input signal input to the first electrode and a second input signal input to the second electrode are periodically repeated in the following order: a first period in which they are set to a potential positive from a reference potential, a second period in which they are set to the reference potential or temporarily set to a potential negative from the reference potential and then set to the reference potential, a third period in which they are set to a potential negative from the reference potential, and a fourth period in which they are set to the reference potential or temporarily set to a potential positive from the reference potential and then set to the reference potential.

A negative potential generating device which includes an insulating box, an AC / DC converter, a booster, a second wire and an insulating lid is presented. The insulating box has a side wall, and an inner surface of the side wall has a blind hole. The AC / DC converter is arranged inside the insulating box, and electrically connected with a plug through a first wire. The booster is arranged inside the insulating box and electrically connected with the AC / DC converter. One side of the second wire is electrically connected with the booster, another side of the second wire is exposed and inserted into the blind hole and contacts with an inner wall surface of the blind hole. The insulating lid covers the insulating box. The device is easy to carry and generates negative potential anytime and anywhere after connecting to a power supply, making it easier and more convenient to use.

The invention relates to an on-board electrical system (1) for a motor vehicle, comprising at least one HV battery (2) for providing a positive potential (H+) and a negative potential (H-) and at least one HV consumer (3, 4), wherein: an insulation monitor (5) is provided for monitoring the insulation resistance (R iso_P , R iso_N ) to a vehicle ground (PA) which is electrically isolated from the on-board electrical system (1); a Y-capacitance (C Y_P , C Y_N ) is provided between the positive potential (H+) and the vehicle ground (PA) and between the negative potential (H-) and the vehicle ground (PA), respectively; a voltage center tap (6) between the positive potential (H+) and the negative potential (H-) present in the on-board electrical system (1) or in a component of the on-board electrical system (1) is connected to the vehicle ground (PA) via an ohmic coupling resistance (R K ).