931 results about "Electrode potential" patented technology

A high capacity, high charge rate lithium secondary cell includes a high capacity lithium-containing positive electrode in electronic contact with a positive electrode current collector, said current collector in electrical connection with an external circuit, a high capacity negative electrode in electronic contact with a negative electrode current collector, said current collector in electrical connection with an external circuit, a separator positioned between and in ionic contact with the cathode and the anode, and an electrolyte in ionic contact with the positive and negative electrodes, wherein the total area specific impedance for the cell and the relative area specific impedances for the positive and negative electrodes are such that, during charging at greater than or equal to 4C, the negative electrode potential is above the potential of metallic lithium. The current capacity per unit area of the positive and negative electrodes each are at least 3 mA-h / cm2, the total area specific impedance for the cell is less than about 20 Ω-cm2, and the positive electrode has an area specific impedance r1 and the negative electrode has an area specific impedance r2, and wherein the ratio of r1 to r2 is at least about 10.

An electrical storage device of the present invention is characterized in that a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a lithium electrode, and an electrolyte capable of transferring lithium ion is included, the lithium electrode is arranged to be out of direct contact with the negative electrode, and lithium ion can be supplied to the negative electrode by flowing a current between the lithium electrode and the negative electrode through an external circuit. With the above characteristic, problems such as non-uniform carrying of lithium ion to the negative electrode, shape-change of a cell, and temperature increase of an electrolytic solution under incomplete sealing of a cell and the like can be easily solved. A using method of the electrical storage device is characterized in that, by using the lithium electrode as a reference electrode, the positive electrode potential and negative electrode potential can be measured, and the potential of the positive or negative electrode can be controlled when the electrical storage device is charged or discharged. Therefore, the potentials of the positive electrode and negative electrode can be monitored, thereby it can be easily determined whether deterioration of the electrical storage device is caused by the positive electrode or the negative electrode. Also, it is possible to control the device with the potential difference between the negative electrode and reference electrode, that is, the negative potential. In addition, when characteristics deteriorate such as the internal resistance increase, an appropriate amount of lithium ion can be supplied to the negative electrode and / or positive electrode by the lithium electrode.

A battery of series-connected rechargeable lithium ion cells each of which contains a negative electrode; a negative electrode current collector; a positive electrode; a positive electrode current collector; and an electrolyte comprising charge carrying medium, lithium salt and cyclable redox chemical shuttle. The negative electrode has a larger irreversible first cycle capacity loss than that of the positive electrode, and is driven to a potential above that of the positive electrode if the cell is discharged to a state of cell reversal. The shuttle has an electrochemical potential above the positive electrode maximum normal operating potential, and prevents the negative electrode potential from reaching even higher and more destructive positive values during overdischarge. The current collector has a lithium alloying potential below the negative electrode minimum normal operating potential. The battery chemically limits or eliminates cell damage due to repeated overdischarge, and may operate without electronic overdischarge protection circuitry.

The invention discloses a sintered Nd-Fe-B magnet with high corrosion resistance and the grain boundary reconstruction and a preparation method thereof. The composition of the invention is that: NdeFe100-e-f-gBfMg, wherein, e is greater than or equal to 6 and equal to or less than 24, f is greater than or equal to 5. 6 and equal to or less than 7, g is greater than or equal to 0.03 and equal to or less than 8, M is one or some of elements Dy, Tb, Pr, Sm, Yb, La, Co, Ni, Cr, Nb, Ta, Zr, Si, Ti, Mo, W, V, Ca, Mg, Cu, Al, Zn, Ga, Bi, Sn and In; The method is that: main phrase alloy and reconstructed grain boundary phase alloy are respectively pulverized and mixed uniformly; the powder mixture is pressed to a mould in the magnetic field, and fabricated into a sintering magnet in a high vacuum sintering furnace. By the reconstruction of the grain boundary phase composition, the invention can obtain the grain boundary phase alloy with low melting point and high electrode potential, decrease the potential difference between the main phase and the grain boundary phase on the basis of ensuring the magnetic properties, promote the intrinsic corrosion resistance of magnet, and has the advantages of simple process, low cost and being suitable for the batch production. Therefore, by combining the grain boundary reconstruction and double alloy method, the sintered Nd-Fe-B magnet with high intrinsic corrosion resistance can be prepared.

The liquid crystal display apparatus is provided with a display unit, a video signal driving circuit, a scanning signal driving circuit, a common electrode potential controlling circuit, and a synchronizing circuit. The display unit has a scanning electrode, a video signal electrode, a plurality of pixel electrodes arranged in matrix form, a plurality of switching elements which transmit video signals to the pixel electrodes, and a common electrode. After the scanning signal driving circuit scans the entire scanning electrodes and transmits video signals to the pixel electrodes, the common electrode potential controlling circuit changes the potential of the common electrode into a pulse shape, overdrives video signals, or increases a torque required to return to a state in which no voltage is applied.

A high capacity, high charge rate lithium secondary cell includes a high capacity lithium-containing positive electrode in electronic contact with a positive electrode current collector, said current collector in electrical connection with an external circuit, a high capacity negative electrode in electronic contact with a negative electrode current collector, said current collector in electrical connection with an external circuit, a separator positioned between and in ionic contact with the cathode and the anode, and an electrolyte in ionic contact with the positive and negative electrodes, wherein the total area specific impedance for the cell and the relative area specific impedances for the positive and negative electrodes are such that, during charging at greater than or equal to 4C, the negative electrode potential is above the potential of metallic lithium. The current capacity per unit area of the positive and negative electrodes each are at least 3 mA-h / cm2, the total area specific impedance for the cell is less than about 20 Ω-cm2, and the positive electrode has an area specific impedance r1 and the negative electrode has an area specific impedance r2, and wherein the ratio of r1 to r2 is at least about 10.

A nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery includes: an outer housing; a nonaqueous electrolyte filled in the outer housing, a positive electrode housed in the outer housing, a negative electrode housed in the outer housing and a separator disposed between the negative electrode and the positive electrode. The nonaqueous electrolyte comprises a nonaqueous solvent including diethyl carbonate and at least one of ethylene carbonate and propylene carbonate, and the nonaqueous electrolyte has a content of the diethyl carbonate of from 80 to 95% by volume. The positive electrode comprises a positive electrode active substance having a positive electrode potential in a full charged state of 4.4 V or higher with respect to a potential of metallic lithium. The negative electrode comprises a negative electrode active substance having a negative electrode potential in a full charged state of 1.0 V or higher with respect to a potential of metallic lithium.

Various embodiments of a planarization device and methods of using the same are provided. In one aspect, a device for planarizing a surface of a semiconductor workpiece is provided that includes a table for holding a quantity of an electrically conducting solution thereon. A member is included for holding the semiconductor workpiece such that the surface is in contact with the solution and operates as a working electrode. The member has a first conductor for establishing electrical connection with the semiconductor workpiece. A counter electrode is provided for making electrical connection with the solution and a reference electrode is provided for making electrical connection with the solution with a known electrode potential. A power source is operable to control the electric potential between the working electrode and the counter electrode. Slurry consumption may be dramatically reduced and static etch rate due to aborts may be virtually eliminated.

The invention relates to a water-soluble organic couple redox flow battery which comprises an anode, electrolyte thereof, a diaphragm thereof, a cathode and electrolyte thereof, wherein one of two active substances of the anode / cathode is a water-soluble organic couple, and the other one is an inorganic couple or organic couple; and the electrolyte of the anode / cathode is stored in an external storage tank, flows through the battery in a circulating way through a pump and undergoes oxidation / reduction reaction on the anode / cathode divided by the diaphragm to carry out the charging / discharging process. Organic couple materials are not limited by mining deposits, the charge capacity depends on the volume of the storage tank, the size of the battery can be singly designed according to the power requirement, and electrode potential and a reaction electron amount can be designed and controlled by organic molecules. Therefore, the redox flow battery has the advantages of rich raw materials, convenient preparation, high power conversion efficiency, environmental protection, safe use and the like and is suitable for scale electricity storage.

A high capacity, high charge rate lithium secondary cell includes a high capacity lithium-containing positive electrode in electronic contact with a positive electrode current collector, said current collector in electrical connection with an external circuit, a high capacity negative electrode in electronic contact with a negative electrode current collector, said current collector in electrical connection with an external circuit, a separator positioned between and in ionic contact with the cathode and the anode, and an electrolyte in ionic contact with the positive and negative electrodes, wherein the total area specific impedance for the cell and the relative area specific impedances for the positive and negative electrodes are such that, during charging at greater than or equal to 4C, the negative electrode potential is above the potential of metallic lithium. The current capacity per unit area of the positive and negative electrodes each are at least 3 mA-h / cm2, the total area specific impedance for the cell is less than about 20 Ω-cm2, and the positive electrode has an area specific impedance r1 and the negative electrode has an area specific impedance r2, and wherein the ratio of r1 to r2 is at least about 10.

The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a nano-structured metal oxide electrode, and in particular, to a method for manufacturing a metal oxide electrode having a few tens or hundreds of nanometers in diameter that is well adapted to an electrode of a supercapacitor using an alumina or polymer membrane having nano-sized pores as a template. Preferred methods for manufacturing a nano-structured metal oxide electrode comprises steps of preparing an alumina or polymer template having a plurality of nano-sized pores; sputtering a metal acting as a current collector with a few tens of μm of thickness in one surface of the alumina template; charging the template, after the sputtering step, by submerging it into a precipitation solution having a metal salt dissolved therein, and applying a static current or electrode electric potential thereby electrochemically precipitating a metal oxide in the nano-sized pores of the template; a step in which the composite of the alumina or polymer template and the metal oxide are contacted with a sodium hydroxide solution or other base to remove the alumina or polymer template; and an optional drying step to provide the nano-structured metal oxide electrode.

The invention relates to a modified activated carbon with high hydrogen evolution potential and a preparation method thereof as well as a lead-acid battery negative lead paste containing the modified activated carbon and relates to a modified activated carbon and a preparation method thereof as well as a lead-acid battery negative lead paste containing the modified activated carbon. According to the invention, the problem of the poor cycle life of the lead-acid battery caused by the unmatching between the added activated carbon and the lead electrode potential, the large hydrogen-evolution speed and the serious hydrogen evolution in the existing lead-acid battery negative electrode is solved. In the modified activated carbon provided by the invention, a hydrogen evolution inhibitor is loaded on the activated carbon, wherein the hydrogen evolution inhibitor is one or a mixture of more than one selected from In2O3, Ga2O3 and Bi2O3, or the hydrogen evolution inhibitor is In(OH)3, Ga(OH)3 or Bi(OH)3. The modified activated carbon is prepared by a ball-milling method or a solvent precipitation method. The hydrogen evolution overpotential of the modified activated carbon is improved obviously, the hydrogen evolution speed of the modified activated carbon is reduced and the hydrogen evolution potential of the modified activated carbon is matched with a Pb electrode potential; and meanwhile, the discharge specific capacity in a cyclic process can be obviously improved, the cycle performance can be obviously improved, and the specific capacity can still reach 90mAh.g<-1> after being cycled for 500 times.

The object is to provide a nonaqueous-electrolyte battery having high charge / discharge efficiency and excellent high-rate performance. This subject is accomplished by using a nonaqueous electrolyte which comprises an organic solvent and a lithium salt dissolved therein and is characterized by containing at least one quaternary ammonium salt in an amount of 0.06 mol / L or larger and 0.5 mol / L or smaller. This effect is thought to be attributable to the following mechanism: in a relatively early stage (stage in which the negative-electrode potential is relatively noble) in a first charge step, a satisfactory protective coating film is formed on the negative electrode by the action of the quaternary ammonium salt and, hence, the organic solvent employed in the nonaqueous electrolyte is inhibited from decomposing.

In a conventional plasma display panel drive method, making the sustaining discharge pulse bipolar with respect to the data electrode potential prevents stable discharge in the leading sustaining discharge pulse, thereby complicating continuation to second and subsequent sustaining discharges. The plasma display panel drive method of this invention makes the potential of the leading sustaining discharge pulse a negative polarity to the data electrode potential, and moreover, makes the high-potential side of second and subsequent sustaining discharge pulses positive polarity to the data electrode potential, and makes the low-potential side negative polarity with respect to the data electrode potential.

A high capacity lithium secondary battery includes a lithium manganese oxide having a layered structure exhibiting a great irreversible capacity in the event of overcharging at a high voltage and a spinel-based lithium manganese oxide. Because it is activated at a high voltage of 4.45 V or higher based on a positive electrode potential, additional lithium for utilizing a 3V range of the spinel-based lithium manganese oxide can be provided and an even profile in the entire SOC area can be obtained. Because the lithium secondary battery includes the mixed positive electrode active material including the spinel-based lithium manganese oxide and the lithium manganese oxide having a layered structure, and is charged at a high voltage, its stability can be improved. Also, the high capacity battery having a large available SOC area and improved stability without causing an output shortage due to a rapid voltage drop in the SOC area can be implemented.

A core-shell catalyst with controllable granularity and thickness of catalyzing layer and high active specific surface area and catalytic efficiency for fuel battery is prepared through preparing the nanoparticles of the metal with low standard electrode potential, and using it to displace out the metal with high standard electrode potential to cover on the surface of said nanoparticle.

In an in-plane switching (IPS) mode active matrix type liquid crystal display device, data lines 24 supplied with data signals, common electrode wiring portions 26a and 26b applied with a reference voltage, a common electrode 26, pixel electrodes corresponding to pixels to be displayed, scanning lines 28 supplied with scan signals and TFT's 50 are provided on an active element substrate 11. The common electrode wiring portions 26a and 26b are formed by using a first metal layer, extend in parallel to the scanning line and connected to a common electrode potential at a peripheral portion thereof. Protruded portions 299a and 299b are formed in at least one of the common electrode wiring portions 26a and 26b in such a way that the protruded portions are positioned on both sides of the data line 24 to be formed later. Unevenness of display of the display device is reduced and the aperture ratio thereof is improved.

Gas generation of a non-aqueous electrolyte battery having a negative active material that intercalates / deintercalates lithium ions at a potential not lower than 1.2 V relative to the potential of lithium as negative electrode is suppressed.A non-aqueous electrolyte battery comprising a non-aqueous electrolyte containing an electrolyte salt and a non-aqueous solvent, a positive electrode and a negative electrode is characterized in that the main active material of said negative electrode is an active material that intercalates / deintercalates lithium ions at a potential not lower than 1.2 V relative to the potential of lithium and the auxiliary active material of said negative electrode is an active material that at least intercalates lithium ions at a potential lower than 1.2 V relative to the potential of lithium and that there exists lithium showing a spin-lattice relaxation time (T1) of not less than 1 second as determined by a solid-state Li—NMR measurement in the main active material of said negative electrode. A method of manufacturing a non-aqueous electrolyte battery containing a non-aqueous electrolyte, a positive electrode and a negative electrode (a main active material and an auxiliary active material of the negative electrode) is characterized in that the negative electrode potential is lowered to not higher than 0.8 V relative to the potential of lithium at least once in the initial cycle.

An AC driven active matrix display device in which image display with enough brightness can be easily achieved while reducing an amplitude range of a pixel electrode potential. The display device 1, 100 or 110 according to the invention comprises two memory circuits (a first memory circuit 40 and a second memory circuit 41) which are connected in series between each pixel electrode 22 and a corresponding signal line 30. Data is written to the first memory circuit in a first period, then the data is transferred from the first memory circuit to the corresponding second memory circuit in a second period. The potential of a counter electrode 23 is switched in the second period between a first potential (VcomH) and a second potential (VcomL).

A system for obtaining improved resolution in room temperature semiconductor radiation detectors such as CdZnTe and Hgl2, which exhibit significant hole-trapping. A electrical reference plane is established about the perimeter of a semiconductor crystal and disposed intermediately between two oppositely biased end electrodes. The intermediate reference plane comprises a narrow strip of wire in electrical contact with the surface of the crystal, biased at a potential between the end electrode potentials and serving as an auxiliary electrical reference for a chosen electrode-typically the collector electrode for the more mobile charge carrier. This arrangement eliminates the interfering effects of the less mobile carriers as these are gathered by their electrode collector.

A liquid treatment chamber having an elongate housing through which liquid flows longitudinally from an inlet port to an outlet port thereof is disclosed. An elongate ultrasonic waveguide assembly extends within the housing and is operable at a predetermined ultrasonic frequency and a predetermined electrode potential to ultrasonically energize and electrolyze liquid within the housing. An elongate ultrasonic horn of the waveguide assembly is disposed at least in part intermediate the inlet and outlet ports, and has a plurality of discrete agitating members in contact with and extending transversely outward from the horn intermediate the inlet and outlet ports in longitudinally spaced relationship with each other. The horn and agitating members are constructed and arranged for dynamic motion of the agitating members relative to the horn at the predetermined frequency and to operate in an ultrasonic cavitation mode of the agitating members corresponding to the predetermined frequency and the liquid being treated in the chamber.

In an in-plane switching (IPS) mode active matrix type liquid crystal display device, data lines 24 supplied with data signals, common electrode wiring portions 26a and 26b applied with a reference voltage, a common electrode 26, pixel electrodes corresponding to pixels to be displayed, scanning lines 28 supplied with scan signals and TFT's 50 are provided on an active element substrate 11. The common electrode wiring portions 26a and 26b are formed by using a first metal layer, extend in parallel to the scanning line and connected to a common electrode potential at a peripheral portion thereof. Protruded portions 299a and 299b are formed in at least one of the common electrode wiring portions 26a and 26b in such a way that the protruded portions are positioned on both sides of the data line 24 to be formed later. Unevenness of display of the display device is reduced and the aperture ratio thereof is improved.

A semiconductor device having a configuration hardly generating variations in the current value due to a deteriorated EL element is to be provided. A capacitance element is disposed between the gate and the source of a driving TFT, video signals are inputted to the gate electrode, and then it is in the floating state. At this time, when the gate-source voltage of the driving TFT exceeds the threshold, the driving TFT is turned on. Suppose an EL element is deteriorated and the anode potential rises, that is, the source potential of the driving TFT rises, the potential of the gate electrode of the driving TFT, being in the floating state by coupling of the capacitance element, is to rise by the same amount. Accordingly, even when the anode potential rises due to the deteriorated EL element, the rise is added to the gate electrode potential as it is, and the gate-source voltage of the driving TFT is allowed to be constant.

This invention relates to lithium-ion batteries and cathode powders for making lithium-ion batteries where the cathode powder comprises a blend or mixture of at least one lithium transition metal poly-anion and with one or more lithium transition-metal oxide powders. A number of different lithium transition-metal oxides are suitable, especially formulations that include nickel, manganese and cobalt. The preferred lithium transition metal poly-anion is carbon-containing lithium vanadium phosphate. Batteries using the mixture or blend of these powders have been found to have high specific capacity, especially based on volume, high cycle life, substantially improved safety issues as compared to lithium transition-metal oxides, per se, and an attractive electrode potential profile.

A piezoelectric device includes a piezoelectric body layer, a first electrode layer at one face side of the piezoelectric body layer, and a second electrode layer at a side of a face of the same that is opposite to the side at which the first electrode layer is disposed. Higher potentials are applied to the first electrode layer and lower potentials are applied to the second electrode layer. The piezoelectric device features a metallic layer disposed in contact with a piezoelectric body layer surface at the side at which the first electrode layer is provided, and a metal oxide layer disposed in contact with a piezoelectric body layer surface at the side at which the second electrode layer is provided. The metallic layer is formed of a metallic material with a standard electrode potential greater than 0 V, and the metal oxide layer is formed of a metal oxide.

An active matrix type liquid crystal display device driving method for switching a partial display mode and a normal display mode. The respective data lines of the partial display area are scanned in a certain period defined as a frame period, “k” pieces (symbol “k” is integer larger than, or equal to 1) of the partial display areas are present within 1 screen, a common electrode potential is varied 2 k times within 1 frame period; a common electrode potential in a partially scanning period for scanning the partial display area is made as a constant potential against a reference of a driving circuit for driving the data lines; and within at least two continued frames, a common electrode potential of a blank period other than the partially scanning period is made as a constant potential which is different from the constant potential in the partially scanning period.

The invention provides an array substrate and a touch-control display device and a testing method thereof. The array substrate comprises a substrate base, a common electrode structure and an electric conduction testing structure, wherein the common electrode structure and the electric conduction testing structure are arranged on the same side of the substrate base, and the common electrode structure and the electric conduction testing structure are mutually insulated; the projection shadows of the common electrode structure and the electric conduction testing structure in the direction perpendicular to the substrate base have an overlapped area, and the overlapped area can be subjected to laser scorification to enable the electric conduction testing structure to be electrically connected with the common electrode structure. When the electric potential of a common electrode is needed to be tested, the laser scorification can be conducted on the overlapped area, the electric conduction testing structure is electrically connected with the common electrode structure, a probe is stabbed into the electric conduction testing structure, and therefore the difficulty of common electrode potential testing is lowered, in addition, the probe is not prone to making contact with other components around the common electrode structure, and the accuracy of the testing results is improved.

The polarity inversion cycle of a voltage applied to a liquid crystal layer is set to at least 2-frame cycle, or more preferably to as long as about 10 sec. Accordingly, a flicker that could not have been prevented at a polarity inversion cycle of about one frame can be prevented, and a longer inversion cycle can reduce power consumption. A material low in ion reactivity and small in residual polarization is used as a liquid crystal material or an orientation film material, thereby preventing the occurrence of a residual DC component in a liquid crystal layer and the deterioration of display quality despite a longer polarity inversion cycle. In the case of an LCD provided with a minimal transmittance with respect to an applied voltage, black can be accurately displayed by, for example, regulating a common electrode potential so that an applied voltage at which the transmittance of a liquid crystal shows a minimum value during an anodic application period is equal to that during a cathodic application period.