1485 results about "Reference sample" patented technology

A method is provided for building improved calibration models or for improving modifications to these models or validation of the models used in the non-invasive spectroscopic measurement of an analyte or attribute of tissue. The method uses a matched reference sample and measurement of that sample to ensure that the correct relationship between the spectra and analyte is made during the model building, modification or calibration process. A matched reference sample is one in which the analyte of interest or attribute of interest in the reference sample is representative of the analyte or attribute at the site being non-invasively sampled or the agreement between the reference concentration and the non-invasively sampled concentration is clinically significant.

New intra angular prediction modes and methods for decoding are offered for providing greater accuracy when processing predictions of digital video data blocks. One new method considers predicting a current prediction sample by taking the linear interpolation of two previously reconstructed reference samples that lay along a common angular line. Another new method offers a method for making previously unavailable samples from a neighboring block available as reference samples when predicting a current prediction sample. Another new method considers a new combined intra prediction mode that utilizes a local mean to predict a current prediction sample. And a new decoding method offers to rearrange the order in which video data blocks are predicted based on the intra prediction mode used for predicting the video data blocks.

An apparatus and method for obtaining facies of geological formations for identifying mineral deposits is disclosed. Logging instruments are moved in a bore hole to produce log measurements at successive levels of the bore hole. The set of measurements at each such level of the bore hole interval is associated with reference sample points within a multidimensional space. The multidimensional scatter of sample points thus obtained is analyzed to determine a set of characteristic modes. The sample points associated with characteristic modes are grouped to identify clusters. A facies is designated for each of the clusters and a graphic representation of the succession of facies as a function of the depth is thus obtained. To identify the clusters, a "neighboring index" of each log measurement point in the data set is calculated. Next, small natural groups of points are formed based on the use of the neighboring index to determine a K-Nearest-Neighbor (KNN) attraction for each point. Independently of the natural group formation, an optimal number of clusters is calculated based on a Kernel Representative Index (KRI) and based on a user-specified resolution. Lastly, based on the data calculated from the prior steps, final clusters are formed by merging the smaller clusters.

A moving picture decoding method according to the present invention includes: performing intra prediction on a target block to calculate values of predicted samples of the target block; and calculating reconstructed samples of the target block by adding difference data and the values of the predicted samples of the target block, wherein in the performing of intra prediction, validity of each of reference samples that are located one of immediately above and immediately to the left of the target block is determined, and when the reference samples include both a valid reference sample and an invalid reference sample, the intra prediction is performed using the valid reference sample, and an intra-predicted reference sample is determined as a valid reference sample, and an inter-predicted reference sample is determined as an invalid reference sample.

The subject invention relates to a wafer stage, such as may be used in optical wafer metrology instruments. The stage contains a wafer-chuck that can be connected to translation stages for the purpose of clamping and translating the wafer so that a plurality of sites on the wafer surface may be measured. The chuck includes a holder for mounting a reference sample. The holder is movable between a retracted position where the reference sample is held below the chuck surface and an extended position, such as where the surface of the reference sample is co-planar with the wafer surface. Therefore the holder may be installed within the area of the chuck that is utilized for wafer clamping. By this arrangement, the size of the wafer translation system can be reduced minimizing the stage travel and enabling increased spatial resolution, increased wafer throughput and reduced capital equipment and operating costs.

Systems and methods are provided for video encoding and decoding using intra-block copy mode when constrained intra-prediction is enabled. In various implementations, a video encoding device can determine a current coding unit for a picture from a plurality of pictures. The video encoding device can further determine that constrained intra-prediction mode is enabled. The video encoding device can further encode the current coding unit using one or more reference samples. The one or more reference samples are determined based on whether a reference sample has been predicted using intra-block copy mode prediction without using any inter-predicted samples. When the reference sample is predicted using intra-block copy mode without using any inter-predicted samples, the reference sample is available for predicting the current coding unit. When the reference sample is predicted using intra-block copy mode using at least one inter-predicted sample, the reference sample is not available for predicting the coding unit.

An integrated device for non-invasive analyte measurement is described herein. In typical operation, the glucose measurement device is self-normalizing in that it does not employ an independent reference sample in its operation. The device uses attenuated total reflection (ATR) infrared spectroscopy for glucose measurement from the user's skin surface. The device also includes a pressure and/or user identification sensor(s) to ensure that an authorized user is utilizing the device. The identification sensor may utilize capacitive or infrared detection of biometric identification features, such as fingerprints, for comparison to a stored value indicative of an authorized user. The device may be configured such that verification of a user's identity may be a prerequisite to use and/or activation of the device.

The present invention relates to an image encoding/decoding method and apparatus. An image decoding method performing intra prediction according to the present invention may comprise dividing a current block into at least one sub-block; deriving an intra prediction mode for the at least one sub-block; constructing a reference sample for the intra prediction; and performing intra prediction for the at least one sub-block based on the derived intra prediction mode.

A computerized method, software, and system for recognizing emotions from a speech signal, wherein statistical and MFCC features are extracted from the speech signal, the MFCC features are sorted to provide a basis for comparison between the speech signal and reference samples, the statistical and MFCC features are compared between the speech signal and reference samples, a scoring system is used to compare relative correlation to different emotions, a probable emotional state is assigned to the speech signal based on the scoring system, and the probable emotional state is communicated to a user.

A method of receiving an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signal. The method includes receiving sample signals from the OFDM signal, providing reference sample signals, calculating a first value representing a first correlation between the sample signals and different sample signals, calculating a second value representing a second correlation between the reference sample signals and different reference sample signals, the reference sample signals and the different reference sample signals corresponding to the sample signals and the different sample signals, calculating a third value from the first value and the second value, and detecting the OFDM signal in response to the third value.

Innovations in intra block copy ('BC') prediction facilitate handling of special cases when chroma blocks are merged for purposes of the intra BC prediction. For example, encoding includes intra BC prediction for a set of adjacent units (e.g., prediction units of a coding unit). An encoder derives a block vector ('BV') value for secondary component blocks (e.g., chroma blocks) of the set of adjacent units using one or more of the BV values associated with the adjacent units. The encoding includes special case handling for any derived BV value referencing sample values outside a boundary (e.g., picture boundary, slice boundary, tile boundary). The special case handling can use constraints on values of the BVs, clipping of the derived BV value, or padding of sample values at the boundary. In some implementations, corresponding decoding includes special case handling.

An apparatus having a first circuit and a second circuit is disclosed. The first circuit may be configured to (i) fetch a plurality of reference samples from a memory to a plurality of slots in a buffer and (ii) motion estimate a plurality of current sample units of a current picture to generate a plurality of motion vectors. The motion vectors may be stored in a plurality of lines of a table. Each line generally identifies a corresponding slot in the buffer. Duplicates among the lines may be consolidated. The second circuit may be configured to evaluate the reference samples in the buffer based on the motion vectors to select a prediction sample unit.

Methods are disclosed that provide for structures and techniques for the fabrication of ordered arrangements of crystallographically determined nanometer scale steps on single crystal substrates, particularly SiC. The ordered nanometer scale step structures are produced on the top surfaces of mesas by a combination of growth and etching processes. These structures, sometimes referred to herein as artifacts, are to enable step-height calibration, particularly suitable for scanning probe microscopes and profilometers, from less than one nanometer (nm) to greater than 10 nm, with substantially no atomic scale roughness of the plateaus on either side of each step.

The invention discloses a method for testing the shielding effectiveness of an electromagnetic shielding material in the technical field of electromagnetic shielding. The method comprises the following steps that a reference sample with known electromagnetic parameters and different electromagnetic frequencies are selected, and the electromagnetic transmission intensity of an electromagnetic transmitter is set; a testing window is sealed by the reference sample, and the electric field intensity received by electromagnetic receivers which correspond to different electromagnetic frequencies is measured; the testing window is tested by a material to be tested, and the electric field intensity received by the electromagnetic receivers which correspond to different electromagnetic frequencies is measured; and the shielding effectiveness of materials to be tested corresponding to different frequencies relative to the reference sample is calculated and the conductivity of the materials to be tested is estimated. The testing method is not affected by the size of a shielding room (box), the size of the window, the resonance of the shielding room and other factors, and overcomes the defect that the testing results of a traditional shielding room method are not portable among different configuration.

The invention discloses a method and a device for intra-frame prediction and an intra-frame prediction-based encoding/decoding method and an intra-frame prediction-based encoding/decoding system. The prediction method comprises the following steps of: determining adjacent blocks of M*N blocks to be predicted, and selecting corresponding Ki reference sample points from the adjacent blocks according to the length Ki (i is equal to 0, 1, 2,...,(M*N-1)) of a filter at each position i in the blocks to be predicted to form a sample point set for the intra-frame prediction, wherein ki is equal to 0, 1, 2,..., Ki-1, Ki is a natural number and is more than 1, and M and N are natural numbers; selecting a prediction direction m, and determining the prediction weighting coefficient Wi (m, k) of each sample point Ci to be predicted in the blocks to be predicted respectively, wherein i is equal to 0, 1, 2,...,(M*N-1); and calculating prediction values of current sample points to be encoded according to the prediction weighting coefficients Wi (m, k) and the sample point set for the intra-frame prediction. The prediction method improves the prediction precision of an intra-frame prediction mode, so that the integral encoding performance is improved.

A high speed, highly sensitive optical sensing platform and a method for detecting and/or measuring characteristics of a substance in a measurement sample are disclosed. The platform includes at least one pair of optical paths formed in a waveguide, a light source for injecting optical beams along the optical paths, a light modulator for enabling the excitement of a transverse electric and a transverse magnetic guide modes, and a phase detector for detecting phase differences between the beams propagating along the optical paths. One of the optical paths has a target analyte of unknown concentration with a measurement sample bound to its upper surface, while the second optical path has a reference sample containing a known concentration of the target analyte bound to its upper surface. A guided mode modulator causes an optical beam to propagate through the waveguide sequentially as two polarized modes. The highly sensitive platform is especially useful for directly detecting and/or measuring very small numbers of small molecules, bio-molecules, microorganisms in a liquid or gaseous test sample.

A method for decoding a video according to the present invention may comprise: deriving a plurality of reference sample lines for a current block, selecting at least one among the plurality of reference sample lines, determining whether to apply an intra filter to a reference sample included in the selected reference sample line, selectively applying the intra filter to the reference sample according to the determination, and performing intra prediction for the current block using the reference sample.

A calibration technique is provided that utilizes a standard sample that allows for calibration in the wavelengths of interest even when the standard sample may exhibit significant reflectance variations at those wavelengths for subtle variations in the properties of the standard sample. A second sample, a reference sample may have a relatively featureless reflectance spectrum over the same spectral region and is used in combination with the calibration sample to achieve the calibration. In one embodiment the spectral region may include the VUV spectral region.

An image decoding method, which is performed by a decoding device according to the present invention, comprises the steps of: acquiring the information on an intra-prediction mode of a current block from a received bit stream; deriving neighboring reference samples of the current block; deriving a first prediction value for a current sample of the current block on the basis of the intra-prediction mode and the neighboring reference samples; deriving a second prediction value for the current sample on the basis of adjacent samples of the current sample; and deriving a prediction value for the current sample on the basis of the first prediction value and the second prediction value. According to the present invention, the intra-prediction value can be derived on the basis of the adjacent samples of the current sample within the present block, and the intra-prediction accuracy can be improved therethrough.