This invention discloses a low-
voltage lithium battery charging and discharging control method, device, and vehicle, comprising: real-time acquisition of the internal parameters, SOC
error band, charging and discharging efficiency of the low-
voltage lithium battery, as well as vehicle operating condition data,
environmental data, and user behavior data; determining the vehicle's current
scenario based on the vehicle operating condition data,
environmental data, and user behavior data; in the default
scenario, first acquiring the capacity decay rate and health status of the low-
voltage lithium battery, correcting the
internal resistance of the low-voltage
lithium battery, and using the capacity decay rate as the SOH decay gradient; then, based on the SOC
error band, vehicle operating condition data,
environmental data, SOH decay gradient, and corrected
internal resistance, performing
reinforcement learning to output a charging and discharging control strategy; finally, executing the strategy. The capacity decay rate and health status are obtained through prediction; the reward function is determined based on the charging and discharging efficiency, health status, and reward function weights. This invention enables high-efficiency and long-life operation of low-voltage lithium batteries.