18006 results about "Carbonization" patented technology

The invention relates to a method for preparing a carbon material with rich mesopores and macropores. Inorganic nano-particles are used as pore-forming template agent to be uniformly distributed in a carbon-contained organic precursor and then the carbon-contained organic precursor carries out high-temperature carbonization, template agent washing-out and drying to obtain a porous carbon material. The carbon material prepared by the method has the specific surface area of 50-1,900 m/g and a pore diameter mainly between 2-900 nm, can be conveniently adjusted by the size control of the selected nano-particles, removes a template without using high corrosive HF and has the advantages of simple method, convenient operation, free pore diameter adjustment and control in a mesopore and macropore range, and the like. The carbon material has a wide application prospect in fields of electrochemical energy accumulation, macromolecular adsorption, catalyst carriers, composite materials, and the like.

A process for preparing a patterned layer of aligned carbon nanotubes on a substrate including: applying a pattern of polymeric material to the surface of a substrate capable of supporting nanotube growth using a soft-lithographic technique; subjecting said polymeric material to carbonization to form a patterned layer of carbonized polymer on the surface of the substrate; synthesising a layer of aligned carbon nanotubes on regions of said substrate to which carbonized polymer is not attached to provide a patterned layer of aligned carbon nanotubes on said substrate.

The present invention relates to methods for producing carbon-based molded bodies. In particular, the present invention relates to methods for producing porous carbon-based molded bodies by carbonizing organic polymer materials mixed with non-polymeric fillers and subsequently dissolving the fillers out from the carbonized molded bodies. The present invention further relates to methods for producing porous carbon-based molded bodies by carbonizing organic polymer materials mixed with non-polymeric fillers which are substantially completely decomposed during the carbonization. The present invention also relates to a method for producing porous carbon-based molded bodies by carbonizing organic polymer materials, the carbon-based molded bodies being partially oxidized following carbonization so as to produce pores. In addition, the present invention relates to porous molded bodies produced according to one of said methods and the use thereof, especially as cell culture carriers and/or culture systems.

The invention relates to a method for preparing a C/SiC composite material through a low-cost fused silicon impregnation method, which comprises the following steps: performing calcining pretreatment on a carbon felt or graphite felt at 400-600 temperature; immersing the pretreated carbon felt or graphite felt in a melamine and boric acid solution, thus coating a boron nitride protective layer; immersing in a carbon/silicon carbide slurry water solution, performing impregnation to ensure that pores of the carbon felt or graphite felt are fully filled with carbon/silicon carbide, placing in a sintering furnace, and performing primary fused silicon impregnation treatment at 1600-1800 DEG C; immersing in liquid phenolic resin, and performing carbonization treatment under the protection of an inert atmosphere at 800-1000 DEG C to ensure that all the resin is carbonized; and finally, performing secondary fused silicon impregnation treatment to ensure that carbon produced by carbonization of the resin totally reacts with silicon to generate silicon carbide, thus obtaining the C/SiC composite material. The obtained C/SiC composite material is high in density, low in air pore and free silicon content, and favorable in material strength, toughness and frictional wear performance, and can be used for manufacturing of brake pads.

Provided is a waterborne ultra-thin steel structure fire retardant coating and a preparation method thereof. The raw material ratio of the coating includes 15-50% by weight of polymer latex, 15-30% by weight of ammonium polyphosphate, 5-15% by weight of pentaerythritol, 3-10% by weight of cyanurtriamide, 5-12% by weight of titanium dioxide, 2-13% inorganic filler, 0-5% by weight of expansiveness graphite, 1-10% by weight of plasticizer, 0.4-1.5% by weight of wetting dispersant, 0.2-0.5% by weight of defoamer, 1-6% by weight of coalescing agents and 5-15% by weight of water, and total raw material ratio is 100%. A high-speed dispersion method or a grinding dispersion method is adopted in preparation of the coating. A coating layer of the fire retardant coating can form a carbonization layer which is good in foaming effect, small and uniform in air holes and high in expansion times when in heating. The final fire retardant performance of the coating is far higher than technical requirements of a national standard. The waterborne ultra-thin steel structure fire retardant coating is a waterborne coating product, is non-poisonous and odorless and environment-friendly, and can be coated in a mode of brushing or spraying or roller coating.

The invention discloses a coking furnace capable of recycling heat energy, and the coking furnace comprises a furnace body, an exhaust gas recycling system and a raw coal gas treatment system, wherein the furnace body sequentially comprises a coal feeding segment, a rapid coal heating segment, a raw coal gas leading-out segment, a coal carbonization coking segment, a coke quenching and tempering segment, a dry coke quenching segment and a coke discharging segment from top to bottom; the exhaust gas recycling system comprises an exhaust gas leading-out unit, an exhaust gas heat exchanger, a commutator and the like; and the raw coal gas treatment system comprises a raw coal gas leading-out unit. By using the coking furnace disclosed by the invention, continuous coal carbonization coking canbe achieved and the exhaust gas after combustion is used for dry coke quenching in the furnace; pre-dried coal can be quickly heated to 300 DEG C during entering the furnace, the coal is carbonized and coked in the furnace body, and the exhaust gas generated by self-combustion is used for dry coke quenching at the furnace bottom after the exhaust gas is cooled by heat exchange with air, thus continuously producing coke; the pollution is less in the production process; the coal industrial chain is extended, the coking cost is lowered, the coking coal types are broadened, and the product quality is improved; the profit margins are expanded in a large extent; and the maintenance cost is low.

The invention provides a method for preparing a porous silicon/carbon composite material by using diatomite as the raw material, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of: with the diatomite as the raw material, performing simple refinement and purification processing to obtain silicon with a porous structure by means of metallothermic reduction; performing mechanical ball-milling with the carbon materials and/or precursors of carbon, hydro-thermal carbonization, pyrolytic carbonization or chemical vapor deposition to prepare the porous silicon/carbon composite material. Thecomposite material can be directly used as the cathode of the lithium ion battery, or can be mixed with other cathode materials to be used as the cathode materials of the lithium ion battery. Compared with a pure silicon material as the cathode material of the lithium ion battery, the porous silicon/carbon composite material has the advantages that the first reversible capacity and the circulation stability of the material are greatly improved. In the method, the inexpensive and accessible natural minerals are used as the raw materials, thus the cost is low and the preparation method is simple.

The invention discloses a PVC foaming wood plastic composite material which is produced by processing the raw materials based on the parts by weight: 100 parts of polyvinyl chloride (PVC), 40-50 parts of lignified plant fiber, 10-20 parts of active light calcium, 3-6 parts of calcium zinc complex stabilizer, 1-3 parts of compound-type foaming agent, 0.5-1.5 parts of lubricating agent OPE wax, 0.5-1 part of compound lubricating agent and 3-8 parts of foaming conditioning agent; the raw materials are evenly mixed by a mixing machine and then are directly put into a screw extruder to be extruded and molded at the temperature of 160-170 DEG C. The PVC foaming wood plastic composite material is added with full dose of heat stabilizer in the process of blending and processing, so that the degradation temperature of plastics can be increased, thermal degradation of the plastics and carbonization of wood powder in the process of mixing and forming can be prevented, and the operation of extruding and molding can be completed in one step, thus greatly simplifying the production technique and reducing the production cost.

The invention relates to a method for preparing polyacrylonitrile-based carbon fiber with reinforced carbon nanometer tubes, which comprises the following steps: respectively dispersing and dissolving carbon nanometer tubes (CNT) and polyacrylonitrile (PAN) in dissolvent, obtaining PAN/CNT spinning solution through mixing the solution, obtaining PAN/CNT fiber through carrying out the wet-spinning method to the solution, then carrying out pre-oxidation and carbonization to the wet-spinning fiber to prepare the carbon fiber with reinforced carbon nanometer tubes. The mechanical property of the carbon fiber which is prepared by the method of the invention is obviously improved, and the prepared carbon fiber can be applied to the fields of reinforcing materials, conducting, electrostatic resistance, heat conducting and the like.

The invention discloses a method for preparing fewer-layer graphene on the basis of biomass waste, which comprises the following steps: carrying out hydrothermal treatment on the biomass waste, and carrying out carbonization by heating and calcination, thereby obtaining a carbonization material; immersing the carbonization material in an acid solution to remove impurities, thereby obtaining biomass carbon; and quickly heating the biomass carbon in an argon atmosphere, and carrying out high-temperature graphitization to obtain the biomass fewer-layer graphene. The hydrothermal process is combined with the high-temperature graphitization to directly strip the biomass waste, and the carbonization and high-temperature graphitization are carried out. Thus, the prepared biomass fewer-layer graphene has the advantages of fewer layers (2-10 layers), fewer defects, fewer oxy groups, high electric conductivity and small carbon layer interval. The method is simple to operate, has the advantages of low cost and high graphene yield, and can easily implement industrialized large-scale production. The prepared biomass fewer-layer graphene can be used in the fields of lithium ion batteries, supercapacitors and the like, is beneficial to green production of battery industry, and has important practical value and favorable application prospects.

The invention discloses a method for manufacturing a high thermal conductivity graphite film, which adopts polyimide films as raw materials and is formed through two processes of carbonization and graphitization. The technological processes of the high thermal conductivity graphite film comprise the steps as follows: a, the polyimide films are selected as the raw materials, and a piece of graphite paper is clamped between each layer of the polyimide films; b, the polyimide films which are provided with the graphite paper at intervals, crossed and stacked are placed into a carbonization furnace to be carbonized in an environment of nitrogen or argon, the carbonized temperature ranges from 1000 DEG C to 1400 DEG C, and the time is controlled from 1 hour to 6 hours; and c, after the carbonization, the graphitization is performed also in the environment of nitrogen or argon, the temperature is controlled in a range from about 2500 DEG C to 3000 DEG C, and the time is controlled within 12 hours. The method for manufacturing the high thermal conductivity graphite film has a simple manufacturing process, the high heat dissipation capacity of the graphite film is guaranteed, the bending-resistant performance is enhanced, and a requirement for a thin and light electronic product of a consumer is met to a certain extent.

A carbonization process for increasing the quality of wood by continuous gradient heating method includes such steps as heating to 120-140 deg.C, eating to 160-240 deg.C, spraying atomized water for slowly cooling to 100 deg.C, filling the saturated steam at 100 deg.C to return the water content back to 4-6%, and cooling to 15-30 deg.C.

A process for preparing the amorphous Si-Al material by the carbonizing method includes such steps as adding part of sodium silicate solution to sodium aluminate solution, introducing CO2 gas to it for a certain time, adding the rest of sodium silicate solution while reacting, stabilizing, filtering, washing and drying. It can be used as the carrier of catalyst.

The invention discloses technology for producing compressed and carbonized poplar three-layer solid wood composite floor fully through utilization of a fast-growing material of poplar. A poplar sheet obtained by a special densification process is used as a surface layer; a common poplar core veneer is used as a core layer; a poplar veneer is used as a bottom layer to manufacture three-layer solid wood composite floor; each performance reaches the requirement of national standard GB/T 18103-2000 on the solid wood composite floor; the technology totally adopts the fast-growing material of the poplar as a raw material, does not add any chemical reagent in the special densification process of the poplar sheet, and does not cause any pollution to environment; after the poplar sheet is subjected to compaction treatment, the density and the hard sense of the wood are strengthened; the late high-temperature carbonization treatment solves the problem of rebounding after the poplar is compressed, changes luster of the wood, and strengthens high grade; and the technology is simple and feasible and has low manufacturing cost.

The invention provides a silicon-carbon composite cathode material for preparing a lithium-ion battery at the room temperature and a preparation method thereof. The composite cathode material is a material with a nuclear shell structure and comprises the following proportional elements: 0.01-10% of simple substance silicon and 90-99.9% of carbon. With regard to the preparation method, silicon powder and graphite are mixed for ball grinding and then added with bitumen or polymer cladding material for ball grinding again, after the treatment of carbonization, the mixture is crushed and sieved to obtain the material containing 0.01-10wt% of silicon and 10-99.9% of carbon. The capacity of the material is more than 350mAh/g, the cycle efficiency of the material is larger than 90% for the first time, and keeps larger than 80% after 200 cycles, and the material has good charging and discharging property.

A method of forming a pyrolysed biocarbon from a pyrolyzable organic material is delineated. The method involves the conversion of pyrolyzable organic materials to biocarbon for subsequent use. A carbonization circuit is employed with individual feedstock segments being advanced through the circuit. The method facilitates user manipulation of rate of advancement of the feedstock through the circuit, selective collation of volatiles from pyrolyzing feedstock, selective exposure of predetermined feedstock segments to collated volatiles as well as thermal recovery and redistribution as desired by the user. This results in the capacity for a customizable biocarbon product, the latter being an auxiliary feature of the methodology.

A carbonization catalyst for forming graphene may be exfoliated from a graphene sheet by etching. A binder layer may be formed on the graphene sheet on which a carbonization catalyst is formed, to support and fix all or part of the graphene sheet. Further, the graphene sheet from which the carbonization catalyst is exfoliated may be transferred to a device. When exfoliating the carbonization catalyst from the graphene sheet, an acid may be used together with a wetting agent.

The invention discloses a refractory high-entropy alloy/titanium carbide composite. A refractory high-entropy alloy serves as a matrix phase, and titanium carbide serves as a wild phase; and elements in the refractory high-entropy alloy are selected from at least four kinds of elements of W, Mo, Ta, Nb, V, Ti, Zr, Hf and Cr. A preparation method of the refractory high-entropy alloy/titanium carbide composite comprises the steps that at least four kinds of carbonization metal powder in tungsten carbide, molybdenum carbide, tantalum carbide, niobium carbide, vanadium carbide, the titanium carbide, hafnium carbide, zirconium carbide and chromium carbide are selected and mixed according to the equal molar ratio or the ratio close to the equal molar ratio to form high-entropy matrix powder; and after the high-entropy matrix powder and titanium powder are mixed, alloy mechanization is carried out, then spark plasma sintering or hot-press sintering is carried out, and the refractory high-entropy alloy/titanium carbide composite is obtained. The density and cost of the composite are reduced while the hardness of the composite is improved, excellent high-temperature performance is achieved, and the requirement for manufacturing a high-temperature structural component is met.

The invention provides a densification method for a carbon fiber reinforced silicon carbonitride ceramic composite material. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, preparing a C/SiC ceramic composite material by using CVI or PIP; performing CVI on the C/SiC ceramic composite material to carbonize silicon, and as the cross gap between fiber bundles is large, prolonging the CVI time to 20-30 hours ; when the silicon being subjected to carbonization is densified to 80-90% by CVI, brushing silicon powder on the C/SiC surface, and filling large holes particularly; performing nitridation processing after drying; after completion of the nitridation, preparing an SiC coating on the CMC surface through CVD for 20-30 hours to complete the densification of the carbon fiber reinforced silicon carbonitride ceramic composite material. Through the adoption of the densification method, the CMC preparation efficiency is improved, the coefficients of thermal expansion of matrixes are reduced, and the thermal shock resistance of CMC is improved.

The invention discloses a method for preparing charcoal activated carbon flammable gas biological oil by utilizing crop straws. In the method, a co-production process technique integrated with comprehensive processing of multiple varieties is adopted. The method comprises the following steps: smashing the collected crop straws by a smash machine so as to form straw powder with the particle size of 8-30 meshes; pressing and forming the straw powder material for pyrolysis; and in the process of pyrolysis, preparing straw charcoal and activated carbon on one production line through carbonization and activation processes, and simultaneously, recovering flammable gas and extracting biological oil. By using the method, fixed investment is greatly reduced, economic and social benefits are effectively increased, the problems of stack and incineration of the straws are solved, waste straw resources are further developed and utilized, and the blank in the same industry in China is filled.

The invention discloses a method for preparing 5-hydroxymethylfurfural by solid acid catalysis. The method comprises the following steps of taking lignin residue hydrolyzed by biomass as carrier raw material of solid acid; synthesizing the raw material into solid acid through a two-step way of carbonization and sulfonation, so that the waste material is recycled and the problem of disposal of pollutants is solved. In the dehydration reaction of lignin-based solid acid catalyzed fructose and glucose, the yield of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural can be respectively 84% and 68%; after the dehydration reaction, the lignin-based solid acid is easy to separate and reusable, the acid density of the solid acid can be reduced after being reused five times, and the yield of the 5-hydroxymethylfurfural is still higher than 75%. The method provided by the invention can be used for realizing emission without pollution, and is helpful for realizing environment-friendly producing process of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural.