348 results about "Macropore" patented technology

The invention relates to a silicon-carbon composite material with a porous structure and a preparation method thereof, and the silicon-carbon composite material with the porous structure comprises an N / P co-doped porous carbon skeleton with micropore, mesopore and macropore channel networks, and amorphous or low-crystalline nanometer silicon particles which are uniformly loaded in the porous carbon skeleton and have the average particle size of 15-40nm, the mass percent of silicon in the composite material is 40-60%, and good interface bonding is formed between silicon and carbon. The preparation method mainly comprises the following steps: firstly, preparing an N / P co-doped porous carbon skeleton through a template method in combination with high-temperature carbonization and N / P source co-pyrolysis; and hydrolyzing an organic silicon source in the carbon skeleton to form silicon dioxide, and performing low-temperature metal thermal in-situ reduction to obtain the nano-silicon loaded composite material. Through a unique porous carbon skeleton design and a precise in-situ composite strategy of nano silicon, the prepared material shows high specific capacity, high initial coulombic efficiency and excellent cycling stability and rate capability when being used as a negative electrode of a lithium ion battery.

The invention belongs to the technical field of activated carbon preparation, and particularly discloses a preparation device and method for increasing the micropore proportion of activated carbon through segmented activation. A steam activation section and a carbon dioxide activation section are arranged in an activation furnace of the device, and a material channel penetrates through the steam activation section and the carbon dioxide activation section; and a through hole penetrating through the wall thickness is formed in the side wall of the material channel. Materials are subjected to primary activation through the steam activation section, so that more mesopores and macropores are quickly formed in the materials, and then the materials are subjected to secondary activation through the carbon dioxide activation section, so that micropores are further formed in the materials, the number and proportion of the micropores are increased, and the desulfurization performance of activated carbon is improved. According to the technical scheme, the pore structure of the activated carbon is regulated and controlled in a segmented activation mode, the micropore proportion is increased, and therefore the desulfurization performance of the activated carbon is improved, the technological process is simple, meanwhile, waste heat of flue gas obtained after incineration and purification can be recycled, energy is saved, efficiency is high, and industrial application is easy.

The invention relates to the technical field of preparation of nano catalytic materials, in particular to a preparation method of hierarchical pore channel mesoporous carbon loaded metal nanoparticles. According to the invention, biomass diatomite is used as a template to construct a vertically through macroporous channel, a block copolymer is introduced to form an ordered mesoporous structure, and a pore-foaming agent is added to generate a macro-pore network in a pyrolysis process, so that a macro-pore-mesoporous-micropore three-level communicated carbon-based skeleton is realized; and a bimetallic component is loaded on the hierarchical porous mesoporous carbon in a gradient confinement manner. The material disclosed by the invention has the advantages of fast mass transfer of macropores, stable nanoparticles of mesoporous confinement and efficient catalysis of monatomic sites, and can efficiently catalyze and degrade various wastewater organic pollutants in a wide pH range.

The invention belongs to the technical field of solid waste recycling and porous carbon material synthesis, and particularly relates to abandoned wind turbine blade-based porous carbon as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The method comprises the following steps: carbonizing waste wind turbine blade powder in first protective gas, etching, mixing the obtained primary porous carbon material with an activator, and carrying out pyrolysis activation in second protective gas to obtain the waste wind turbine blade-based porous carbon. According to the method, the waste wind turbine blade is converted into the graded porous carbon material with micropores, mesopores and macropores, the diffusion performance of gas in the pore channels is greatly improved through the synergistic effect of the graded porous structure, the performance advantages of high capacity, fast mass transfer and high adaptability are shown, a way is provided for high-value recycling of the waste blade, and the method is suitable for industrial production. And a low-cost material is provided for the fields of energy storage and conversion, environmental governance, catalysis, adsorption and separation and the like, and the material has remarkable economic and environmental benefits and a wide commercial prospect.

The invention discloses a tubular dynamic membrane sulfur autotrophic denitrification device and method, the device comprises: a housing, which is composed of a middle cylindrical structure and two end hemispherical structures, the upper part of the cylindrical structure is provided with a purified water outlet, the lower part is provided with a backwashing port, and the top end of the hemispherical structure is respectively provided with a sewage inlet and a concentrated liquid outlet; the plurality of supporting bodies are arranged in parallel, each supporting body is composed of two layers of honeycomb-shaped PVC grids and a layer of polypropylene net, and the polypropylene net is clamped between the two layers of honeycomb-shaped PVC grids; the two splitter plates are fixed to the two ends of the supporting body respectively, and splitter holes corresponding to the supporting body are formed in the splitter plates; a large-aperture polypropylene net is used as a filtering support body, and powdered sulfur is used as a precoating agent, so that the problems of difficulty in powdered sulfur recovery and serious loss in the traditional sulfur autotrophic process are solved; meanwhile, sulfur powder with a certain particle size is used as a dynamic membrane reactor of a precoating agent, nitrate nitrogen can be efficiently removed, the effluent quality is improved, and meanwhile the dynamic membrane reactor has the advantages of being resistant to pollution and easy to clean.

The preparation method comprises the following steps: S1, adding silicon powder, graphite, a carbon source and a pore-forming agent into a solvent to obtain slurry; the pore-forming agent comprises ammonium citrate and polylactic acid; s2, performing spray drying on the slurry to obtain precursor microspheres; s3, the precursor microspheres are subjected to first-stage low-temperature oxidation to form macropores, second-stage medium-temperature melting to form mesopores, third-stage high-temperature carbonization and cooling shaping, the heat preservation temperature of the first-stage low-temperature oxidation is 180-200 DEG C, the heat preservation temperature of the second-stage medium-temperature melting is 340-360 DEG C, the heat preservation temperature of the third-stage high-temperature carbonization is 800-900 DEG C, and the gradient pyrolysis dual-pore-forming silicon-carbon negative electrode material is obtained. Through combined use of ammonium citrate and polylactic acid and control of gradient pyrolysis conditions, synergistic distribution of double-peak gradient pores is formed, and effective improvement of the first effect and the cycle performance can be realized.

The present application relates to the technical field of nano-catalytic material preparation, in particular to a preparation method of multi-stage pore mesoporous carbon loaded metal nanoparticles, which constructs vertical and through macroporous channels by taking biomass diatomite as a template, forms ordered mesoporous structure by introducing block copolymer, and realizes macro-pore-mesopore-micropore three-stage communication of carbon-based skeleton by adding porogen to produce macro-porous network in the pyrolysis process, and gradientally limits and loads bimetallic components on the multi-stage pore mesoporous carbon. The material has the advantages of macroporous rapid mass transfer, mesoporous limited stable nanoparticles and single-atom site efficient catalysis, and can efficiently catalyze and degrade various wastewater organic pollutants in a wide pH range.

The invention discloses microporous layer slurry, a microporous layer and a fuel cell, the microporous layer slurry comprises first carbon powder, second carbon powder and a mixed solvent, the mass ratio of the first carbon powder in the microporous layer slurry is 4-10%, the mass ratio of the second carbon powder in the microporous layer slurry is 2-6%, and the particle size of the first carbon powder is smaller than that of the second carbon powder; the microporous layer slurry is used for being coated on the surface of a substrate layer of the gas diffusion layer to form a microporous layer. Two kinds of carbon powder with different particle sizes are adopted, macropores can be effectively formed in the microporous layer in the process of coating the surface of the substrate layer, effective water and gas channels are established, water and gas transmission balance in the operation process of the fuel cell can be conveniently controlled, a large amount of water generated by the cathode under high power can be efficiently discharged out of the fuel cell, and the fuel cell efficiency is improved. The cathode flooding phenomenon and the anode antipole phenomenon caused by excessive water are avoided to a great extent, and the performance of the fuel cell under high current density can be improved.

The invention provides a porous carbon material for a silicon-carbon negative electrode. The porous carbon material comprises a porous carbon skeleton with a graded pore structure; the silicon-based active units are uniformly dispersed in mesopores and macropores of the porous carbon skeleton, and each silicon-based active unit is composed of a nanometer silicon particle inner core and a silicon monoxide layer coating the surface of the nanometer silicon particle inner core; and the conductive reinforced shell is a gas-phase cracking carbon layer which is completely coated on the outer surface of the complex of the porous carbon skeleton and the silicon-based active unit. The preparation method of the porous carbon material comprises the following steps: preparing a porous carbon skeleton precursor, carrying out graded pore-forming treatment, carrying out surface functionalization treatment, compounding the silicon-based active units, constructing a conductive reinforced shell, carrying out element doping treatment and functionalizing pore channels. The cycle stability and environmental protection property of the silicon-carbon negative electrode are synergistically improved through graded pore constrained expansion, carboxyl bonding stable interface and vapor deposition carbon layer optimized conductivity.

The invention belongs to the technical field of fishpond filtering materials, and discloses a preparation method of a fishpond filtering composite carbon material and the fishpond filtering composite carbon material. The preparation method of the fishpond filtering composite carbon material comprises the following steps: 1) performing kneading and extrusion molding treatment on mixed powder comprising modified bentonite, biomass powder, diatomite, a pore forming agent and a photocatalyst and a binder solution to obtain a green body; 2) drying the green body, performing multi-section programmed heating carbonization in an inert atmosphere, and cooling to obtain a porous carbon ceramic framework loaded with a photocatalyst; 3, the porous carbon ceramic framework is soaked in the graphene oxide dispersion liquid, and the fishpond filtering composite carbon material.The fishpond filtering composite carbon material is obtained.The preparation temperature is relatively low, the fishpond filtering composite carbon material has a developed macropore-mesopore-micropore graded pore structure, and efficient physical adsorption, photocatalytic degradation and microbial biofilm culturing functions can be achieved at the same time.

The invention relates to the technical field of environmental waste treatment, and discloses a preparation method of modified household garbage incineration fly ash, the modified household garbage incineration fly ash comprises the following components by mass: 90-99 parts of a fly ash matrix; 0.1 to 2 parts of a plasma activation layer; 0.5 to 8 parts of a silicon oxide coating layer; the preparation method comprises the following steps: pretreating the fly ash; performing plasma activation; preparing a mineralizing solution; performing biomimetic mineralization; and calcining at low temperature. The plasma activation layer is introduced, the silicon oxide coating layer is constructed, and the phosphorus oxide or the boron oxide is cooperatively introduced, so that the microstructure and the surface chemical property of the material are effectively optimized, the specific surface area and the pore volume of the material are increased, and a microporous, mesoporous and macropore synergistic multistage pore channel structure is constructed; the adsorption capacity and the adsorption rate of various waste gas pollutants are improved.

The invention discloses a method for preparing an adsorption material for simultaneously extracting rubidium and cesium by using soft / hard template co-assembly and application, and belongs to the technical field of adsorption material preparation. The invention aims to solve the problems that a traditional adsorbent is poor in selectivity to similar alkali metal ions, slow in mass transfer rate, insufficient in acid environment stability and lack of an adsorption material for specific recognition of rubidium and cesium ions. The method comprises the following steps: 1, preparing cesium-imprinted hierarchical-pore mesoporous silica; 2, Cs / Rb-HMS is prepared; according to the invention, a macroporous-mesoporous channel is constructed; wherein a large hole (PS template) provides a rapid mass transmission channel, and an ion diffusion path is remarkably shortened, so that target ions can rapidly reach adsorption sites in the material; mesopores (Pluronic F127 template) provide a huge specific surface area and load a large number of Cs < + > imprinting sites and Rb < + > imprinting polymer layers, so that high adsorption capacity to Cs < + > and Rb < + > is ensured.

The invention provides a method for determining the pore diameter lower limit and the effective pore volume ratio of movable fluid. The method comprises the steps that the temperature of each sample under the stratum in-situ condition is calculated according to the ground temperature gradient and the burial depth; correcting the surface tension coefficient of the water by using the calculated temperature; determining an average contact angle of water and shale; calculating capillary force, enabling the capillary force to be equal to reservoir fluid pressure, and calculating the lower limit of the aperture of the movable water; carrying out carbon dioxide adsorption, liquid nitrogen adsorption and mercury injection experiments on the sample to obtain connectivity pore volume-pore size distribution, and calculating effective pore volume in combination with a movable water pore size lower limit; carrying out a low-field nuclear magnetic resonance experiment, calculating the total pore volume of macropores, obtaining the total pore volume of small pores in combination with a carbon dioxide experiment, and finally calculating the total pore volume; and calculating the pore volume ratio of the effective pores by using the pore volume of the effective pores and the total pore volume. According to the method, the evaluation precision of the lower limit of the pore diameter of the shale reservoir movable fluid and the pore volume ratio of the effective pores is effectively improved, and the test cost is reduced.

The invention discloses a preparation method and application of doped hierarchical porous manganese dioxide, and belongs to the field of catalyst preparation and air purification. According to the invention, potassium permanganate is used as a manganese source and an oxidizing agent, a modified reducing agent is added, mixing and stirring reaction are carried out at room temperature, and the doped hierarchical porous manganese dioxide catalyst is synthesized after washing, drying and high-temperature treatment. The preparation method is simple in preparation process and high in repeatability; the prepared manganese dioxide realizes doping of potassium ions and formation of oxygen vacancies, and the catalytic activity of the manganese dioxide is improved; the doped manganese dioxide catalyst has a multi-stage structure of micropores, mesopores and macropores, the multi-stage pore structure endows the doped manganese dioxide catalyst with a relatively large specific surface area, the physical adsorption capacity of the doped manganese dioxide catalyst can be improved, and meanwhile, more active sites are exposed, so that the doped manganese dioxide catalyst shows relatively high activity and stability in a reaction for catalytically oxidizing gaseous pollutant formaldehyde at room temperature.

The present invention relates to a bio-aggregate based building product comprising a macroporous element formed from a mixture of: a calcium carbonate derived binder and a lignocellulosic bio-aggregate. The macroporous element has an air and / or vapour and / or water open matrix with a microcapillary structure formed by the lignocellulosic bio-aggregate. The porosity of the macroporous element is at least 50% of the bulk volume of the building product. Between 40% and 80% by weight of bio-aggregate granulates forming the lignocellulosic bio-aggregate have a maximum particle size falling within the lower 50% of the particle size range. No more than 5% by weight of bio-aggregate granulates forming the lignocellulosic bio-aggregate have a maximum particle size falling within the upper 20% of the particle size range.

The invention relates to a calcium-based desulfurizer and a preparation method and application thereof, and relates to the technical field of desulfurizers, the calcium-based desulfurizer comprises a calcium-based carrier with a micropore-mesopore-macropore three-level pore structure, and a gamma-aminopropyltriethoxysilane modifier dispersed in pore channels, the molecular imprinting layer is modified by an inactive region on the inner wall of the mesoporous; the preparation method comprises the steps of calcium-based carrier pretreatment, composite pore forming, pre-roasting, hydroxyl strengthening and the like. The efficient mass transfer system is constructed through a three-stage pore structure, the modifier and the molecular imprinting layer synergistically improve the structural stability and the sulfur dioxide adsorption selectivity, the calcium base utilization rate and the desulfurization efficiency are improved, and the industrial flue gas desulfurization requirement is met.

The invention relates to the technical field of proportioning control, and discloses an intelligent proportioning control method for activated carbon and a deodorant in an air purification system, which comprises the following steps of: dividing the pore size distribution of the activated carbon into three types of micropores, mesopores and macropores, and obtaining pollutant response vectors of various typical pollutants and consumption weight vectors of the pollutants to the three types of pore sizes; constructing an agent mapping knowledge base; environmental pollutants are monitored in real time, a current pollutant response vector is obtained, and an activated carbon dynamic ability portrait is generated by matching a knowledge base; identifying a new pollutant event, acquiring a response vector and an aperture consumption weight of the new pollutant event, performing efficiency prediction calculation with the dynamic capability portrait, executing three-section decision logic according to a prediction result, and outputting dynamic ratio data of the activated carbon and the deodorant; accurate prediction of functional saturation of the activated carbon is realized through multi-dimensional capability characterization, purification efficiency reduction caused by'saturation illusion 'is effectively avoided, and the comprehensive purification efficiency of an air purification system is remarkably improved.

The invention discloses a hierarchical porous Ti-MOR molecular sieve as well as a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of molecular sieves. The preparation method comprises the following steps: at room temperature, mixing a silicon source, an aluminum source, an alkali source, a seed crystal, a pore-enlarging agent and water to obtain a gel precursor for synthesizing the molecular sieve, carrying out hydrothermal crystallization and alkali treatment to obtain a hierarchical pore structure MOR molecular sieve with mesopores and macropores, carrying out acid pickling, and carrying out gas-solid phase same crystal substitution on the molecular sieve and titanium tetrachloride to finally prepare the hierarchical pore Ti-MOR molecular sieve. According to the hierarchical porous Ti-MOR molecular sieve disclosed by the invention, reactant molecules with relatively large dynamic diameters can effectively enter and exit zeolite pore channels, and the hierarchical porous Ti-MOR molecular sieve shows excellent catalytic performance in a cyclohexanone oximation reaction.

The invention discloses a method for improving backboard PTH macropore explosion, which comprises the following steps: a production board is provided, an inner circuit of the production board comprises at least one thick circuit layer with the thickness of 2oz, and the rest inner circuit layers are thin circuit layers with the thickness of 1oz; a drilling position with the outer diameter of 4.5 mm is arranged on the production plate; a copper disc with the outer diameter larger than 4.5 mm is arranged at the position, corresponding to the drilling position, in the thick circuit layer, and a circle of copper-free first isolating ring is formed between the periphery of the copper disc and the surrounding copper face. Large holes are drilled in the corresponding drilling positions, so that the holes are metalized; filling resin in the large holes, curing, and removing the resin protruding out of the plate surface through a grinding plate; an outer layer circuit is manufactured on the production board, a hole ring is manufactured around the large hole, a copper-free second isolating ring is formed between the periphery of the hole ring and the peripheral copper surface, and at least one connecting rib for connecting the hole ring and the peripheral copper surface is arranged between the hole ring and the peripheral copper surface. The method provided by the invention solves the problems that the substrate is leaked from the orifice after board grinding and the board is exploded after reflow soldering.

The invention discloses a high-internal-phase emulsion and a graded porous material prepared from the high-internal-phase emulsion, the high-internal-phase emulsion comprises an oil phase and a water phase, the oil phase comprises a polymeric monomer, a crosslinking monomer, a foaming pore-forming auxiliary agent, an emulsifier and an initiator; according to the invention, the foaming pore-forming auxiliary agent is introduced into the high internal phase emulsion with a water-in-oil (W / O) structure, and the foaming pore-forming auxiliary agent is uniformly dispersed in an oil phase, so that the emulsification of the high internal phase emulsion is not influenced, and the integrity of a first-level foam skeleton structure formed after curing is not influenced; meanwhile, the foaming pore-forming auxiliary agent can be decomposed or volatilized at the polymerization temperature, gas is formed, pores are formed, and a large number of communicated micropores are formed in the continuous support, so that the obtained porous material has a first-stage macroporous structure and a second-stage microporous structure at the same time.

The invention relates to the technical field of synthesis of inorganic porous materials, in particular to a hierarchical pore ZSM-5 molecular sieve and a synthesis method thereof.The method comprises the steps that an aqueous solution of a guiding agent serves as a solvent, an aluminum source is dissolved in the solvent to form a mixed solution, a chelating agent and a silicon source are added into the mixed solution, the chelating agent and the silicon source react to form a chelate, seed crystals are added, and the hierarchical pore ZSM-5 molecular sieve is obtained. According to the present invention, the guiding agent can be adsorbed on the surface of the seed crystal to obtain the mixed gel, and the hierarchical pore ZSM-5 molecular sieve is obtained after the hydrothermal reaction of the mixed gel, and the synthesized hierarchical pore ZSM-5 molecular sieve has the typical MFI type micropore channel, the micropore-mesopore-macropore combined hierarchical pore structure and the ultra-large particle size of 10-35 [mu] m, the method has a huge application prospect in the chemical fields of macromolecular catalysis, adsorption and the like.

The invention provides a nitrogen-doped hierarchical pore carbon material as well as a preparation method and application thereof, and the preparation method comprises the following steps: sequentially dissolving urea, alkali metal hydroxide and / or a pore-forming agent in water to obtain a mixed solution, cooling the mixed solution, adding cellulose-based biomass, and dissolving the cellulose-based biomass to obtain transparent sol; freezing the transparent sol into a solid, and performing vacuum freeze drying to obtain a white loose solid; mixing and grinding the liquid polymeric monomer and the white loose solid, and performing heat treatment to obtain a solid product; and carbonizing the solid product in an inert atmosphere, and then pickling and washing the carbonized product. According to the preparation method, chain-shaped arrangement in cellulose-based biomass molecules is converted into three-dimensional net-shaped arrangement through dissolution, macropores are formed, a macropore framework is kept stable and does not collapse in the carbonization process through polymerization reaction, and the formed hierarchical pore carbon material has a micropore / mesopore / macropore coexisting three-dimensional structure and controllable specific surface area and pore size distribution; meanwhile, in-situ nitrogen doping can also be realized.

The application relates to the technical field of waste gas treatment, and discloses an activated carbon material, a preparation method and application thereof, and a method for removing and recycling sulfur dioxide in sulfur-containing waste gas. The CO2-TPD test spectrum of the activated carbon material simultaneously contains weak alkaline centers in the range of 80-120 DEG C and medium-strong alkaline centers in the range of 180-260 DEG C, the maximum peak height in the range of 180-260 DEG C is greater than 2000 muV; the activated carbon material has a pore volume ratio of macropores (greater than 100 nm) of more than 70%, an ash content of less than 2%, a high desulfurization rate, good regeneration performance, a SO2 removal rate of more than 99.5%, and an activity stability of more than 99% in 1000 hours.

The invention provides a fuel cell ORR catalyst and a preparation method and application thereof. The fuel cell ORR catalyst comprises a nitrogen-doped porous carbon core, a nitrogen-doped porous carbon coating layer arranged on the surface of the nitrogen-doped porous carbon core, and doped metal simple substances distributed in pore channels of the nitrogen-doped porous carbon core and the nitrogen-doped porous carbon coating layer, the ratio of micropores in the nitrogen-doped porous carbon core is gt; the total proportion of mesopores and macropores in the nitrogen-doped porous carbon core; the ratio of micropores in the nitrogen-doped porous carbon coating layer is lt; the total ratio of mesopores to macropores in the nitrogen-doped porous carbon coating layer is 1: 1. The nitrogen-doped porous carbon structure monatomic catalyst with multiple micropores inside and multiple mesopores / macropores outside is obtained through gradient pore channel design in space in combination with a CVD coating technology, and dissolution and loss of metal elementary substances are greatly inhibited while the catalytic activity of the catalyst is guaranteed, so that the service life of the catalyst is prolonged.

The application belongs to the technical field of inorganic nanometer material preparation, and particularly relates to a hollow manganese dioxide / cobalt manganate loaded nitrogen-doped carbon hybrid material and a preparation method thereof. The steps of the application are as follows: S1, dispersing manganese source material in N,N-dimethylformamide to form a uniform solution; S2, adding an organic ligand to the solution obtained in step S1 and continuously stirring to obtain a mixed solution, and then transferring the mixed solution to a reaction kettle for a solvothermal reaction; S3, sequentially washing and drying the product obtained through the solvothermal reaction, and then grinding the product and a cobalt salt to form a mixture powder; and S4, performing a high-temperature pyrolysis reaction on the mixture powder, and obtaining the hollow manganese dioxide / cobalt manganate loaded nitrogen-doped carbon hybrid material rich in mesopores and macropores after the reaction stops. The application has a large specific surface area and a multi-pore structure, slows down the migration and aggregation of metal particles and the loss of pyrolysis intermediates in the heat treatment process, and improves the electrochemical activity and stability of the transition metal / nitrogen-doped carbon electrocatalyst.

The invention belongs to the field of geological monitoring, and discloses a loess macropore seepage observation device and method based on a loess digital reconstruction body, and the loess macropore seepage observation device comprises the loess digital reconstruction body, a coloring agent container and a water discharging bottle; the bottom of the loess digital reconstruction body is provided with a permeable stone layer, and the top is provided with a hermetically connected top cover; a plurality of image acquisition devices are arranged around the loess digital reconstruction body; one sides of the drainage bottle and the permeable stone layer are communicated with the bottom of the coloring agent container; the first end of the three-way pipe is communicated with the interior of the top cover, the second end of the three-way pipe is provided with a pressure meter, and the third end of the three-way pipe is communicated with the atmosphere. The loess digital reconstruction body duplicates the macropore structure of the loess sample, the water flow migration process in the macropores of the loess digital reconstruction body can be rapidly observed, the water-driven gas process in the macropores of the loess digital reconstruction body can be rapidly determined, the working efficiency is high, the device is flexible and detachable, and the cost is low. The problem that the three-dimensional migration process of the water flow in the unsaturated loess macropores is difficult to accurately capture at present can be effectively solved.

The invention provides an iron-carbon composite material and a preparation method and application thereof.The iron-carbon composite material is of a porous structure and is composed of micropores and / or mesopores with the pore diameter ranging from 1 nm to 5 nm and macropores with the pore diameter ranging from 100 nm to 10 [mu] m, or composed of mesopores with the average pore diameter ranging from 2 nm to 4 nm and macropores with the pore diameter ranging from 100 nm to 10 [mu] m, the specific surface area of the iron-carbon composite material is 200m < 2 > / g-300m < 2 > / g, and the existence forms of the iron element comprise FeO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4, Fe3C and Fe2C. The iron-carbon composite material prepared by the invention has both chemical adsorption and physical adsorption, and has high adsorption efficiency on sulfur-containing compounds in water. The iron-carbon composite material is wide in material source, simple in preparation process and low in development cost, large-scale production is easy to realize, and the iron-carbon composite material has great application potential in refining and chemical wastewater treatment.

This application proposes a method for preparing gradient-pore structured biochar for soil remediation microbial loading, relating to the field of biomass resource utilization technology. The preparation method includes: pyrolyzing biomass raw materials at high temperature and then cooling to obtain biochar embryos; dissolving surfactants in water to prepare an impregnation solution; impregnating the biochar embryos in the impregnation solution and drying to obtain a mesoporous template; dispersing starch in water, heating, and adding the mesoporous template while stirring, reacting, and then cooling, settling, and drying to obtain a macroporous template; and calcining the macroporous template under an inert atmosphere using a gradient heating process to obtain biochar with a gradient-pore structure. This application, through synergistic regulation of raw material composition, pretreatment process, and programmed pyrolysis activation process, achieves for the first time a continuous gradient distribution of pore size from the outside to the inside ("macropore → mesopore → micropore") within a single biochar particle, significantly improving its performance as a microbial carrier.

The invention relates to a preparation method of a three-dimensional graded porous carbon material, and belongs to the technical field of porous carbon materials. The preparation method comprises the following steps: mixing polyether polyol (R2305) and polymethylene polyphenyl isocyanate (PM200) according to a ratio, heating in a water bath kettle at a constant temperature to form a polyurethane mixed precursor, adding mixed powder of silicone oil, an activating agent and glucose into the precursor, uniformly mixing by mechanical stirring, then adding a catalyst, continuously uniformly stirring, and carrying out vacuum drying to obtain the polyurethane composite material. And finally, adding a certain amount of water as a foaming agent, stirring and standing to form a hardened blank, and carbonizing, activating, pickling and drying to obtain the three-dimensional graded porous carbon. The porous carbon material with the three-dimensional interconnected graded pore structure is prepared by adopting a carbonization-activation one-step method, the pore size and porosity of macropores can be regulated and controlled, the strength of a green body and a carbonized sample is effectively improved, the specific surface area of porous carbon is remarkably increased, the process is simpler, and the efficiency is higher.

The invention discloses a biomass-based graded porous thin-layer graphite material and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of porous thin-layer graphite materials. The preparation method comprises the following steps: obtaining a eutectic solution containing a biomass raw material, alkali and / or alkaline salt and water, and reacting at normal temperature to 250 DEG C to obtain a biomass extract; carrying out sintering treatment on the crushed biomass extract in an inert atmosphere at the temperature of 600-1200 DEG C to obtain carbide; and cleaning the carbide to obtain the biomass-based graded porous thin-layer graphite carbon material. According to the method, biomass raw materials can be efficiently and comprehensively utilized, the thin-layer graphene material with the micropore-mesopore-macropore hierarchical porous structure is obtained, meanwhile, the preparation temperature is low, the preparation process is simple, the resource utilization rate is high, the preparation cost is low, and the obtained material is excellent in performance.