The invention provides a preparation method of large-mixing-amount fly ash non-autoclaved ultra-light foamed concrete. The preparation method comprises the steps of preparing the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 25-35% of cement, 25-47% of fly ash, 0-5% of silica fume, 0-2% of attapulgite clay, 1-5% of a chemical foaming agent, 0.03-2% of a foam stabilizer, 0-4% of fibers, 0.5-3% of a waterproof agent, 0-2% of a reinforcing agent, 0-4% of an accelerator, 0.1-0.4% of a water reducing agent, 0.1-4% of an expansion agent, 0-3% of quicklime and 22-30% of water, and then mixing, stirring and foaming the raw materials. The main properties of the foamed concrete prepared by the preparation method are superior to those of commonly used foamed concrete, the apparent density of the foamed concrete is 160-280kg/m<3>, the thermal conductivity is lower than 0.06W/(m.K), and the specific absorption of volume is not more than 10%; besides, the ratio of fly ash doped in the foamed concrete reaches 47%, the preparation method is good in process stability and high in finished product ratio, and the foamed concrete is suitable for large-scale production and can be used for outer wall external insulation works, roof insulation works, floor heating engineering, energy-saving composite materials and the like.