The invention belongs to the technical field of
aerogel preparation, and relates to a method for preparing ultrathin
aerogel by
supercritical drying of
carbon dioxide, which comprises the following steps: preparing a basic catalytic liquid, preparing silica
sol, forming and aging ultrathin wet gel, performing
surface modification, pretreating a
drying system, performing limited loading and sealing, performing flexible gradient replacement and
drying, and performing gradient depressurization and material taking. According to the method, limited loading is carried out by introducing a breathable constraint clamp, and a segmented gradient pressure increasing and decreasing
carbon dioxide supercritical drying process introduced at an initial
low speed is matched, so that macroscopic
curling deformation caused by
internal stress release of the ultrathin sample is forcibly eliminated; the mechanical damage of turbulent shearing to a fragile film skeleton is effectively avoided by utilizing fine
fluid control of slow starting and quick rising, and meanwhile, the preparation period is remarkably shortened by utilizing the quick
mass transfer characteristic of an ultrathin sample; the prepared
aerogel film is high in flatness, free of macroscopic curl, complete in structure and free of cracks, and is suitable for the fields of flexible heat insulation and precision
optics.