324 results about "Chemical reduction" patented technology

The invention discloses silver-coated copper powder and a preparation method thereof, and creatively provides a technology for preparing the silver-coated copper powder by combining a chemical reduction method and a replacement method through process innovation and optimization aiming at the defects in the prior art, namely, copper powder is pretreated by acid and ammonia water and then is mixed with a reducing agent; and then the reducing agent is adsorbed on the surface of the copper powder, so that the reduction reaction is limited on the surface of the copper powder, and a uniformly-coated compact silver layer is formed on the surface of the copper powder. And in the replacement and reduction process, the organic solvent is used as a medium for dispersing the copper powder, the situation that a large amount of reducing agent exists in a dispersion medium can be effectively avoided, and then the phenomenon that pure silver powder particles are formed due to independent nucleation of the silver powder is well avoided. The technological process is simple and easy to operate, and the comprehensive performance of the prepared silver-coated copper powder is basically equivalent to that of pure silver powder conductive silver paste.

The invention relates to the technical field of nano silver powder preparation, in particular to a preparation method of high-tap-density and high-purity silver powder. The problems that in the prior art, silver powder is insufficient in purity and low in tap density are solved. The method comprises the following steps: preparing silver nitrate into a solution, carrying out electrolytic pretreatment, and carrying out chemical reduction, coprecipitation and dissolution reduction to obtain a silver powder suspension; the silver powder suspension is subjected to physical vapor deposition, silver vapor is deposited on the surface of the silver powder under the action of argon, and silver powder particles are tightly arranged; preparing an electrolyte from silver nitrate and bismuth nitrate, and carrying out electrolytic refining; and finally, the high-tap-density high-purity silver powder is obtained through ultrasonic dispersion and supercritical fluid drying treatment. By strictly controlling the process sequence and parameters and utilizing the synergistic effect among the processes, impurities are effectively removed, the particle size distribution of nano silver powder particles is optimized, the purity and tap density of the nano silver powder are improved, and the application of the silver powder in conductive materials is optimized.

The invention discloses a microwave-assisted green micro-nano platinum powder preparation method and application thereof. The method comprises the following steps: a) preparing a platinum ion solution; b) adding a dispersing agent and a surfactant; c) adding a reducing agent; d) microwave heating reaction; e) separating and purifying a product; and f) drying: drying the product at low temperature to obtain the micro-nano platinum powder. Through microwave field enhanced mass transfer and nucleation kinetics, compared with a traditional chemical reduction method, the reaction efficiency is improved by 80% or above, high-temperature and high-pressure conditions are not needed, and the process energy consumption is reduced by about 60%. The obtained platinum nano-powder is excellent in dispersity, the specific surface area reaches 20-50 m < 2 > / g, and the platinum nano-powder shows high activity in a proton exchange membrane fuel cell catalyst. The method is suitable for continuous production, and an efficient solution is provided for application of the high-performance platinum-based material in the fields of catalysis, new energy and electronic devices.

The experimental equipment for chemical reduction of nitrate in seawater comprises a storage container, a quantitative disc, a reaction bottle, a stirring mechanism, a sealing opening and closing mechanism and a power pump, according to the experimental equipment, zinc particles stored in the storage container can be quantitatively added into the reaction bottle through the quantitative disc, and seawater is quantitatively injected into the reaction bottle through the power pump; the method comprises the following steps of: adding zinc particles into seawater, stirring the seawater and the zinc particles by using a stirring rod, quantitatively extracting a sample solution obtained after reaction by using a power pump, and automatically cleaning a reaction bottle by using the stirring rod, so that full-automatic operation of the reduction process of the nitrate in the seawater can be realized, the extraction efficiency of chemical reduction of the nitrate in the seawater can be improved, and the operation is simple and convenient. And the consistency of the data after multiple times of extraction is ensured.

Method of reducing carbon dioxide to form one or more hydrocarbon products, the method comprising: providing an electrochemical cell comprising: a working electrode comprising a copper composite comprising a copper nanosheet array comprising a plurality of copper nanosheets, wherein the plurality of copper nanosheets comprise copper(100) facets; a counter electrode; optionally a reference electrode; and an electrolyte solution comprising an electrolyte and CO2, wherein the electrolyte solution is between and in contact with the working electrode, the counter electrode, and optionally the reference electrode; and applying an electric current between the working electrode and the counter electrode resulting in electrolytic reduction of the CO2 thereby forming the one or more hydrocarbon products.

The invention discloses composite silver powder with a surface nano-coating structure and a preparation method of the composite silver powder. The composite silver powder comprises a micron-sized spherical silver powder core and a nano-silver shell layer coating the surface of the core, and the nano-silver shell layer comprises nano-silver particles making contact with one another; the D50 particle size of the core body is 1-2 microns, and the particle size D50 of the nano-silver particles is 10-100 nm; the composite spherical silver powder with micron-sized silver coated with nano-silver is prepared through a liquid phase chemical reduction method, the D50 particle size of the composite spherical silver powder is 1.67-1.70 microns, the tap density can reach 5.94 g / cm < 3 >, the specific surface area can reach 0.47 m < 2 > / g, and compared with micron-sized spherical silver powder of a single structure, the conductive performance of the silver powder can be improved by 32%, and the sintering activity is higher.

The invention relates to the technical field of molybdenum slag resource recycling, in particular to a molybdenum slag resource recycling method which comprises the following steps: performing crushing, washing and drying pretreatment on molybdenum slag; naCl, KCl and NaF serve as fused salt, the fused salt, the cathode and the anode form a fused salt electrochemical system, the pretreated molybdenum slag is added into the fused salt for an electrochemical reduction reaction, and molybdenum in the molybdenum slag is reduced and separated out at the cathode; washing the precipitated metal molybdenum, and drying to obtain Mo powder. Resourceful treatment of the molybdenum-containing solid waste residues is achieved by adopting a molten salt electrochemical reduction recovery mode, and molybdenum elements are efficiently recovered into a metal state from complex molybdenum residues through electrochemical selective reduction in a molten salt system.

The present invention provides a method for preparing silver-coated copper powder, which relates to the technical field of metal powder preparation. This preparation method directly prepares a copper core by chemical reduction method, then uses electroless plating method to grow a silver layer on its surface, and finally uses jet milling to improve the density of the powder. In the present invention, reducing agents with different reduction effects are added twice to reduce copper sulfate, which reduces the initial reaction rate, makes the whole reaction stable, and improves the sphericity of copper crystal nuclei. At the same time, sulfate radicals in the reaction system can form silver sulfate precipitation with silver ions in the subsequent reaction, further slowing down the reduction rate of silver ammonia complex ions and enabling the dense growth of the silver layer. At the same time, the unreacted completely glucose remaining in the reaction system can continue to reduce silver ammonia complex ions when silver ammonia solution is added dropwise later. By strictly controlling the growth rate of silver powder from crystal seeds to particles, the present invention reduces the structural defects caused by rapid growth and improves the performance of the final product.

In the present method and device for producing metal powders, an electrolyte solution is exposed to an electrochemical potential and ultrasonic vibrations in a thin-layer sonoelectrochemical cell with a sacrificial anode, and powder particle sizes are controlled by controlled limitation of the dwell time of electrolyte solution containing already-formed particles in the thin-layer sonoelectrochemical cell. Limitation of the dwell time within the thin-layer sonoelectrochemical cell is achieved by the continuous controlled circulation of electrolyte solution from a settling cell through the thin-layer sonoelectrochemical cell, in the process of which formed particles with predetermined sizes settle to the bottom of the settling cell. The powder production rate is 400 g / h or more. The production cost of the powder is of an order less than that of similar powders produced by chemical reduction, which is the most widely used technique to date, while production waste is several orders less.

The invention discloses an electrochemical decoupling type hydrogen sulfide waste gas treatment electrolytic hydrogen production method and system, and belongs to the field of electrolytic hydrogen production. Organic electrochemical proton coupled electron transfer (PCET) reaction is introduced into the decoupling type hydrogen sulfide assisted electrolytic hydrogen production process, and organic matter electric coupling agent molecules are used as carriers to promote proton-electron synergistic transfer; efficient H2S oxidation is realized; wherein the organic matter electric coupling agent which is subjected to electrochemical oxidation is cyclically transported into an external reactor and is subjected to chemical reduction regeneration with H2S in the sulfur-containing waste gas on the surface of a catalyst, so that reversible circulation of a PCET reactant is realized, and meanwhile, H2S is oxidized in the process to generate sulfur. The invention constructs a low-energy-consumption, efficient and stable new process route for hydrogen production by H2S oxidation and electrolysis, which takes bionic proton coupled electron transfer reaction to drive H2S chemical oxidation to cooperate with electrolysis hydrogen production as a basic principle, and provides a new scheme for continuously producing sulfur and simultaneously producing hydrogen for the chemical industry.

The invention discloses a method for preparing nano copper powder based on a microwave-assisted reduction method and application. The method comprises the following steps: a) preparing a copper ion solution; b) adding a dispersing agent and a surfactant; c) adding a reducing agent; d) microwave heating reaction; e) separating and purifying a product; and f) drying. According to the method, directional reduction and morphology regulation and control of copper ions are achieved through the synergistic effect of a microwave field and chemical reduction, the specific surface area of the obtained product reaches 25-35 m < 2 > / g, the oxygen content is lower than 0.8 wt%, and excellent performance is shown in the fields of electronic packaging and conductive ink; the method has the characteristics of short reaction time (shortened by 90% compared with the traditional method), low energy consumption (less than 0.5 kWh / kg), no harmful by-product and the like, and meets the requirements of green chemical industrial production.

The invention relates to the technical field of water treatment, in particular to a method for treating degradation-resistant organic pollution underground water based on a micro-interface strengthening technology. According to the technical scheme, the method comprises the steps that an underground water sample is collected and subjected to pollution characteristic analysis, composite material slurry is injected into a water-containing layer to construct an interface-enhanced in-situ reaction system, and the slurry is composed of nanoscale iron-based metal particles, graphene oxide derivatives, modified biochar, a surfactant and the like; meanwhile, a low-pressure gas injection system is arranged to form a micro-aerobic environment so as to improve the interface reaction efficiency, dominant microbial communities are synchronously injected, a slow-release carbon source carrier is added so as to strengthen the biological synergistic degradation effect, and the operation state of the system is regulated and controlled through multi-parameter monitoring. According to the method, a micro-interface synergistic system integrating physical adsorption, chemical reduction and biological metabolism is constructed, refractory organic pollutants such as aryl halide and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon in underground water can be efficiently and stably removed, and the method has the advantages of being high in remediation efficiency, high in operation stability and wide in environmental adaptability.

The invention discloses a PtTe-Co (OH) 2 core-shell catalyst as well as a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of electrolyzed water catalysts. The morphology of the PtTe-coated Co (OH) 2 core-shell catalyst is in a sea cucumber-like shape, sea cucumber-like PtTe is used as a core, and amorphous Co (OH) 2 is used as a shell. The preparation method comprises the following steps: preparing sea cucumber-like PtTe by adopting a one-step wet chemical reduction method, and covering the surface of the PtTe with an amorphous Co (OH) 2 nano-sheet by adopting an in-situ growth method, so as to prepare the core-shell catalyst. The prepared PtTe-Co (OH) 2 core-shell catalyst has an excellent bifunctional characteristic, can drive an electrolyzed water reaction, and is simple in process, low in cost, safe in process, small in pollution and suitable for large-scale industrial production.

The invention discloses a high-dispersion rhodium-loaded defect-state black titanium dioxide photocatalyst, preparation and application thereof in preparation of propylene through photocatalytic methane conversion, and belongs to the technical field of methane photocatalytic conversion. The preparation method comprises the following steps: firstly, carrying out chemical reduction treatment on titanium dioxide, carrying out high-temperature calcination, and then washing, carrying out suction filtration and drying to obtain black titanium dioxide; carrying out hydrogen peroxide treatment on the titanium dioxide, and further modifying the surface structure of the titanium dioxide to obtain defect-state black titanium dioxide; and finally, mixing with a metal Rh precursor solution, and calcining to obtain the high-dispersion metal Rh loaded defect-state black titanium dioxide photocatalyst. The prepared catalyst has excellent light absorption capacity, energy from visible light to a near-infrared region (accounting for about 96% of solar energy) in sunlight can be fully utilized, efficient and selective conversion from methane to propylene is achieved under the conditions of low temperature and visible light irradiation, the propylene selectivity can reach 70% or above, and reaction activity far exceeding thermodynamic limitation is shown.

The invention provides a preparation method of silver-coated copper powder, and relates to the technical field of metal powder preparation. According to the preparation method, a copper core is directly prepared by adopting a chemical reduction method, then a silver layer is grown on the surface of the copper core by adopting a chemical plating method, and finally, the powder compactness is improved by adopting a jet mill polishing mode. The reducing agents with different reducing effects are added twice to reduce copper sulfate, so that the initial reaction rate is reduced, the whole reaction is stable, and the sphericity degree of copper crystal nucleus is improved; meanwhile, sulfate radicals in the reaction system and silver ions in the subsequent reaction can form silver sulfate precipitates, the reduction speed of silver-ammonia complex ions is further reduced, and the silver layer grows compactly; and meanwhile, the incompletely reacted glucose remained in the reaction system can be used for continuously reducing silver-ammonia complex ions when the silver-ammonia solution is subsequently dropwise added. By strictly controlling the growth speed of the silver powder from the seed crystal to the particles, the structure defects caused by rapid growth are reduced, and the performance of the final product is improved.

The invention discloses a preparation method of a high-elasticity low-thermal-impedance graphene thermal interface material, which comprises the following steps: vertically dripping graphene oxide slurry on a substrate to form a graphene oxide gel array with a pre-oriented structure, and finally depositing the graphene oxide slurry on the surface to obtain the high-elasticity low-thermal-impedance graphene thermal interface material. And drying to obtain a graphene oxide film with certain vertical orientation inside, and carrying out chemical reduction foaming and high-temperature graphitization to obtain the thermal interface material. In the foaming process, oxygen-containing functional groups on the surface of the graphene oxide are converted into gas, graphene sheets are expanded, physical crosslinking is formed at the edge lap joint positions of the graphene sheets due to the pi-pi conjugation effect, and a quadrilateral-like structure is formed. Compared with a horizontally formed graphene film, the material has the advantages that the proportion of the internal graphene sheets arranged along the vertical direction is higher, the horizontal heat conduction capability is improved, better compression resilience is provided, the thermal impedance is reduced, and the material has wide application potential in the field of thermal interface materials.

The present invention concerns a gas diffusion electrode for the electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide comprising an electrically conductive porous gas diffusion layer; at least one porous catalyst layer arranged adjacent to said gas diffusion layer, said at least one porous catalyst layer comprising a first porous catalyst layer comprising a copper-based first catalyst material, wherein said first porous catalyst layer comprises a mixture of said copper-based first catalyst material and a hydrophobic material, said porous catalyst layer being obtained from a precursor material which does not contain any ionomer; and an ionomer layer arranged adjacent to said at least one porous catalyst layer, said ionomer layer being obtained from a precursor material which does not contain any catalyst. The invention also concerns an electrochemical cell comprising such a gas diffusion electrode and a method for manufacturing such a gas diffusion electrode.

A system for deoxidizing metals that includes (a) a grinder configured to grind oxidized metallic material into an initial (preimpact) mixture of tiny oxidized metallic particles, suspended in water; (b) a preimpact separator configured to separate the particles into two groups based on their respective physical properties, one group being a preimpact mixture comprising the compound particles including oxidized metal; (c) a HIT-type kinetic impactor configured to generate a series of high voltage electrical discharges in water, thereby creating plasma explosions that both impact the particles suspended in water and, of those, electrochemically reduce the suspended oxidized metal particles into de-oxidized metallic particles; and (d) a postimpact separator configured to extract the reconstituted (deoxidized) metallic particles from the water solution.

The invention discloses a preparation method of a transition metal phosphide catalyst anchored by using a carbon-based material as a carrier and application of the transition metal phosphide catalyst in the field of formic acid hydrogen production, and belongs to the technical field of formic acid hydrogen production catalysis. Transition metal phosphide is anchored on a carbon-based material carrier in situ by adopting a chemical reduction method to obtain a precursor, and the precursor is roasted and pickled in a nitrogen atmosphere to obtain the novel carbon-based material loaded transition metal phosphide catalyst. The catalyst has the advantages of simple preparation method, high catalytic efficiency, cheap non-noble metal raw materials and the like, shows the formic acid conversion rate of 100% and the hydrogen selectivity of 99% or above in the catalytic gas-phase formic acid hydrogen production reaction, and also has good catalytic stability.

The invention provides a preparation method of a graphene aerogel composite electrode material for an energy storage capacitor. The preparation method comprises the following steps: preparing a graphene composite material; and putting the graphene composite material into a coaxial DBD reactor for treatment. Freeze-drying the wet gel, and reserving a pore structure to obtain the GA block material. GA is soaked in a manganous nitrate solution, and a metal oxide nanosheet grows in situ through a hydrothermal method. And cutting the GA block into sheets, directly pressing and attaching the sheets to a foamed nickel current collector, carrying out vacuum drying, and preparing an electrode plate by using a hydraulic machine. According to the method, rapid reduction, precise structure regulation and control and functional compounding of the graphene aerogel are realized, reduction of GO, three-dimensional crosslinking and in-situ loading of a functional material are synchronously completed under a vacuum condition by optimizing plasma energy input and a gas environment, pollution of a chemical reducing agent and energy consumption of high-temperature treatment are avoided, and the method is suitable for large-scale industrial production. And the porosity, the conductivity and the interface bonding strength of the GA can be accurately regulated and controlled.

The present invention discloses a method for an electrocatalytic production of formic acid in a single-chamber electrolysis system, belonging to the field of electrocatalysis. The cathode electrode and the anode electrode of the present invention are arranged in the single-chamber electrolysis system. The anode electrode is a self-supporting electrode loaded with a nickel-based layered double hydroxide catalyst, and the cathode electrode is a gas diffusion electrode sprayed with a copper-based, bismuth-based, tin-based or indium-based metal or alloy catalyst. In the examples provided by the present invention, a nickel foam electrode with electrochemically activated surface-grown NiV layered double hydroxide is used as the anode electrode for catalyzing the oxidation of glycerol to produce formic acid, and conductive carbon black loaded with Bi nanoparticles is sprayed onto the gas diffusion electrode as the cathode electrode for catalyzing the electrochemical reduction of CO2 to produce formic acid. The present invention realizes the simultaneous production of formic acid at the cathode and the anode in the single-chamber electrolysis system, greatly improves the energy efficiency of formic acid production, reduces the cost of the electrochemical reactor, and improves the stability of the reaction device. The scaled-up single-chamber electrolysis system provides a new idea for the industrial-scale production of formic acid.

The application discloses a copper-bismuth bimetallic catalyst and a preparation method and application thereof. The copper-bismuth bimetallic catalyst comprises a copper substrate and copper-bismuth nanowires grown on the copper substrate, the copper-bismuth nanowires comprise copper nanowires and a metal bismuth layer loaded on the copper nanowires, and the mass fraction of bismuth in the copper-bismuth nanowires is 40% to 60%. The preparation method of the catalyst comprises the following steps: after in-situ growth of copper hydroxide nanowires on the copper substrate, the copper-bismuth bimetallic catalyst is prepared through heat treatment, electrochemical reduction treatment and bismuth deposition. Meanwhile, the copper-bismuth bimetallic catalyst can not only make full use of the copper and bismuth bimetallic effect, effectively improve the activity, stability and selectivity of electrocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide, but also has the advantages of simple and controllable preparation, wide application potential window and wide application environment.

The invention discloses a carbon-deficient wastewater nitrate removal method based on water flow power, and belongs to the technical field of water treatment and environment restoration. According to the method, NO3-containing wastewater flows through a porous medium reactor at a certain flow speed, and contact between water flow and the surface of a filling material is utilized; the method comprises the following steps: by taking NO3 as a raw material, separating and inducing a contact electric effect, generating hydrogen free radicals with strong reducibility in situ, and realizing efficient non-biological reduction by utilizing a chemical reaction of the hydrogen free radicals and NO3 under the condition of not depending on an external carbon source or a chemical reducing agent. The method is mild in reaction condition, can be operated at normal temperature and normal pressure, has the advantages of simplicity and convenience in operation, low cost, no secondary pollution, wide medium source, reusability and the like, and is particularly suitable for NO3 pollution treatment in underground water, agricultural drainage and other carbon source lacking scenes.

The invention relates to the field of catalyst preparation, and discloses a supported MnCo-based catalyst and a preparation method thereof, and a purification method of hydrogen-containing gas. The invention relates to a preparation method of a supported MnCo-based catalyst, which comprises the following steps: (1) carrying out hydroxylation treatment on a carrier, and then carrying out first drying and first roasting to obtain a hydroxylated carrier; and (2) reacting the hydroxylated carrier with a manganese precursor and a cobalt precursor in the presence of a solvent, and then carrying out second drying and optional second roasting. According to the preparation method, hydroxylation treatment and a chemical reduction method are combined to prepare the catalyst, the utilization rate of an active center is increased, and the purification effect of hydrogen-containing gas is improved.

This invention belongs to the field of SERS detection technology and relates to the application of an Ag / Bi4O5Br2 / Ni-Fe double hydroxide composite SERS substrate in the detection of CV in wastewater. First, a Bi4O5Br2 / Ni-Fe double hydroxide is prepared, and silver nanoparticles are loaded onto its surface using a liquid-phase chemical reduction method. This material combines the LSPR effect of silver nanoparticles with the interfacial coupling and multiple active sites of the Ni-Fe double hydroxide, enabling the regulation of interfacial charge transfer and enhancing molecular adsorption. Utilizing the excellent adsorption and enrichment properties of Bi4O5Br2, a highly efficient charge transport system is synergistically constructed from multiple components, improving the SERS chemical enhancement effect and amplifying the CV Raman signal. This invention overcomes the shortcomings of weak signals and insufficient stability of single substrates, achieving sensitive detection of trace CV in water. The substrate preparation process is simple, environmentally friendly, and highly practical, showing broad application prospects in the field of trace CV analysis in aquatic environments.

The invention discloses a preparation method of a Pd / O-OMS-2 direct methanol fuel cell bifunctional catalyst with a Pd-O-Mn interface chemical bond and high Mn < 3 + > content. The Pd / O-OMS-2 bifunctional catalyst with high Mn < 3 + > content is prepared by constructing a Pd-O-Mn interface chemical bond on a Pd and OMS-2 oxygen-enriched oxide interface through a wet chemical reduction method on the basis of strong interaction of metal and a carrier. Due to introduction of a Pd-O-Mn interface chemical bond, redistribution of charges is effectively promoted, the electronic state of a noble metal Pd active site is adjusted, and the catalytic ability of the catalyst is improved. The prepared Pd / O-OMS-2 catalyst shows excellent catalytic performance, long-term stability and efficient four-electron path selectivity in oxygen reduction reaction and methanol oxidation reaction, and is suitable for direct methanol fuel cells. The catalyst is simple in preparation process and low in cost, and has a wide commercial prospect.

This invention provides a composite electrode for the comprehensive recovery of valuable metals, its preparation method, and its application. The composite electrode comprises a positive electrode active layer and a modified matrix layer. The modified matrix layer includes a tubular solid electrolyte body and a modified material layer disposed on the surface of the tubular solid electrolyte body; the modified material layer comprises a conductive polymer. The electrochemical lithium extraction combined with chemical reduction leaching of nickel, cobalt, and manganese using this composite electrode not only achieves high-efficiency recovery of valuable metals such as lithium, nickel, cobalt, and manganese, but also significantly reduces wastewater treatment costs and environmental risks.

This invention relates to the field of nano-silver powder preparation technology, specifically a method for preparing high-tap-density, high-purity silver powder. This invention overcomes the problems of insufficient purity and low tap density in existing silver powder technologies. The invention involves preparing a solution of silver nitrate, performing electrolytic pretreatment, and then obtaining a silver powder suspension through chemical reduction, co-precipitation, and dissolution-reduction processes. The silver powder suspension is then subjected to physical vapor deposition, where silver vapor is deposited onto the silver powder surface under the action of argon gas, resulting in a dense arrangement of silver powder particles. An electrolyte is then prepared using silver nitrate and bismuth nitrate for electrolytic refining. Finally, high-tap-density, high-purity silver powder is obtained through ultrasonic dispersion and supercritical fluid drying. By strictly controlling the process sequence and parameters, and utilizing the synergistic effect between each process, impurities are effectively removed, the particle size distribution of the nano-silver powder is optimized, and the purity and tap density of the nano-silver powder are improved, thus optimizing the application of silver powder in conductive materials.

Disclosed are devices, systems and methods for implantable biofuel cells. In some aspects, a biofuel cell device for extracting energy from a biological fluid includes a substrate including two compartments each with one or more openings; an anode assembly disposed in the substrate and including an anode electrode and functionalization material to facilitate an oxidative process that releases electrons captured at the anode electrode; and a cathode assembly disposed in the substrate separated from the anode assembly and including a catalytic material facilitate a chemical reduction process such that the biofuel cell device extracts electrical energy from the substance in the biological fluid.

This invention belongs to the field of composite material preparation technology, and provides an antibacterial activated carbon-silver ion composite photocatalyst and its preparation method. First, a nitrogen-doped titanium dioxide composite carbon dot core material is prepared using a hydrothermal method and high-temperature calcination, with titanium source, nitrogen source, and self-made carbon dots as raw materials. The core material is then surface-modified using a mercaptosilane coupling agent, and nano-silver is loaded in situ onto its surface via chemical reduction to obtain a multifunctional nanopowder. Simultaneously, activated carbon undergoes surface oxidation and amination treatment, and is grafted with the active ester polyethylene glycol maleimide, thereby constructing specific reaction sites on the activated carbon surface. Finally, the multifunctional nanopowder is covalently bonded to the activated carbon carrier surface using the Michael addition reaction between maleimide and mercapto groups. The resulting composite powder is then mixed with a dispersion medium and functional additives to obtain the antibacterial activated carbon-silver ion composite photocatalyst.