2482 results about "Raman scattering" patented technology

An organic or organoelement, linear or branched, monomeric or polymeric composition of matter having a Raman-active component in the form of particles. The particles having a maximum dimension of 50 mum. The Raman-active compound is applied to a substrate. When the Raman-active compound is exposed to a laser light wavelength which is batochromically well beyond a spectral region of maximum absorbance of said Raman-active compound, Raman scattering can be detected.

Methods and apparatus for in vitro detection of an analyte in a blood sample using low resolution Raman spectroscopy are disclosed. The blood analyzer includes a disposable strip for receiving a sample of blood on a target region, the target region including gold sol-gel to provide surface enhanced Raman scattering. A light source irradiates the target region to produce a Raman spectrum consisting of scattered electromagnetic radiation that is separated into different wavelength components by a dispersion element. A detection array detects a least some of the wavelength components of the scattered light and provides data to a processor for processing the data. The results of the processed data are displayed on a screen to inform a user about an analyte within the blood sample.

The present invention provides an down hole apparatus and method for ultrahigh resolution spectroscopy using a tunable diode laser (TDL) for analyzing a formation fluid sample downhole or at the surface to determine formation fluid parameters. In addition to absorption spectroscopy, the present invention can perform Raman spectroscopy on the fluid, by sweeping the wavelength of the TDL and detecting the Raman-scattered light using a narrow-band detector at a fixed wavelength. The spectrometer analyzes a pressurized well bore fluid sample that is collected downhole. The analysis is performed either downhole or at the surface onsite. Near infrared, mid-infrared and visible light analysis is also performed on the sample to provide an onsite surface or downhole analysis of sample properties and contamination level. The onsite and downhole analysis comprises determination of aromatics, olefins, saturates, gas oil ratio, API gravity and various other parameters which can be estimated by correlation, a trained neural network or a chemometric equation.

NERS-active structures for use in Raman spectroscopy include protrusions extending from a surface of a substrate. A Raman signal-enhancing material is disposed on at least one surface of a first protrusion and at least one surface of a second protrusion. The Raman signal-enhancing material disposed on the first protrusion projects laterally in a direction generally towards the second protrusion, and the Raman signal-enhancing material disposed on the second protrusion projects laterally in a direction generally towards the first protrusion. At least a portion of the Raman signal-enhancing projecting from the first protrusion and at least a portion of the Raman signal-enhancing material projecting from the second protrusion may be separated by a distance of less than about 10 nanometers. Raman spectroscopy systems include such NERS-active structures, and methods for performing Raman spectroscopy include irradiating an analyte proximate such a NERS-active structure and detecting Raman-scattered radiation scattered by the analyte.

A method for the high power generation and detection of terahertz radiation is presented. It comprises of an optical waveguide with a core, and a mostly hollow cladding or terahertz wave transparent material surrounding the core. The cladding region is a terahertz waveguide. A pump light source is coupled to the core to promote nonlinear optical process, such as Raman scattering, in the core which in turn leads to terahertz radiation being emanated or received through fiber cladding.

A thermoplastic resin composition capable of providing a thin walled molded article whose flame retardancy with a thickness of 1.6 mm ({fraction (1 / 16)} inch) in accordance with an UL 94 standard is V-0 or better, and which comprises the following components [A], [B] and [C], wherein the component [B] satisfies the following conditions (B1) and / or (B2):[A]: an electrically conductive fiber;[B]: a carbon powder;[C]: a thermoplastic resin;(B1): Raman scattering intensity ratio I2 / I1 is 0.55-0.8;(B2): Raman scattering intensity ratio I2 / I3 is 0.54-0.8; whereI1: local maximum value of Raman scattering intensity appearing near a Raman shift of 1360 cm-1;I2: local minimum value of the Raman scattering intensity appearing near a Raman shift of 1480 cm-1;I3: local maximum value of the Raman scattering intensity appearing neat a Raman shift of 1600 cm-1.

An apparatus for evaluating a target of interest of a living subject. In one embodiment, the apparatus has a first light source for generating a broadband light, a second light source for generating a monochromatic light, a beamsplitter optically coupled to the first light source for receiving the broadband light and splitting it into a reference light and a sample light, a reference arm optically coupled to the beamsplitter for receiving the reference light and returning it into the beamsplitter, and a probe having a working end placed proximal to a target of interest of a living subject, optically coupled to the beamsplitter and the second light source for receiving the sample light and the monochromatic light, delivering them from the working end to the target of interest, collecting from the working end a backscattering light and a Raman scattering light that are obtained from interaction of the sample light and the monochromatic light with the target of interest, respectively, and returning the backscattering light into the beamsplitter so as to generate an interference signal between the returned backscattering light and the returned reference light in the beamsplitter.

The present invention provides a new class of Raman-active reagents for use in biological and other applications, as well as methods and kits for their use and manufacture. Each reagent includes a Raman-active reporter molecule, a binding molecule, and a surface enhancing particle capable of causing surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). The Raman-active reporter molecule and the binding molecule are affixed to the particle to give both a strong SERS signal and to provide biological functionality, i.e. antigen or drug recognition. The Raman-active reagents can function as an alternative to fluorescence-labeled reagents, with advantages in detection including signal stability, sensitivity, and the ability to simultaneously detect several biological materials. The Raman-active reagents also have a wide range of applications, especially in clinical fields (e.g., immunoassays, imaging, and drug screening).

The disclosure, in one aspect, provides a method for estimating a property of a fluid that includes: pumping an ultraviolet (UV) light into a fluid withdrawn from a formation downhole at a wavelength that produces light due to the Raman effect at wavelengths that are shorter than the substantial wavelengths of fluorescent light produced from the fluid; detecting a spectrum corresponding to the Raman effect light (“Raman spectrum”); and processing the detected Raman spectrum at one or more selected wavelengths to estimate a property of the fluid. In another aspect, the disclosure provides an apparatus that includes a laser that induces UV light at a selected wavelength into a fluid in a chamber, a detector that detects Raman scattered light at wavelengths shorter than the wavelengths of the fluorescent light scattered by the fluid, and a processor that analyzes a spectrum corresponding the Raman scattered light at a selected wavelength to estimate a property of the fluid.

The invention generally relates to a new gene probe biosensor employing near field surface enhanced Raman scattering (NFSERS) for direct spectroscopic detection of hybridized molecules (such as hybridized DNA) without the need for labels, and the invention also relates to methods for using the biosensor.

The system and method of the present invention relates to using spectroscopy, for example, Raman spectroscopic methods for diagnosis of tissue conditions such as vascular disease or cancer. In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a system for measuring tissue includes a fiber optic probe having a proximal end, a distal end, and a diameter of 2 mm or less. This small diameter allows the system to be used for the diagnosis of coronary artery disease or other small lumens or soft tissue with minimal trauma. A delivery optical fiber is included in the probe coupled at the proximal end to a light source. A filter for the delivery fibers is included at the distal end. The system includes a collection optical fiber (or fibers) in the probe that collects Raman scattered radiation from tissue, the collection optical fiber is coupled at the proximal end to a detector. A second filter is disposed at the distal end of the collection fibers. An optical lens system is disposed at the distal end of the probe including a delivery waveguide coupled to the delivery fiber, a collection waveguide coupled to the collection fiber and a lens.

Raman molecular imaging (RMI) is used to detect mammalian cells of a particular phenotype. For example the disclosure includes the use of RMI to differentiate between normal and diseased cells or tissues, e.g., cancer cells as well as in determining the grade of said cancer cells. In a preferred embodiment benign and malignant lesions of bladder and other tissues can be distinguished, including epithelial tissues such as lung, prostate, kidney, breast, and colon, and non-epithelial tissues, such as bone marrow and brain. Raman scattering data relevant to the disease state of cells or tissue can be combined with visual image data to produce hybrid images which depict both a magnified view of the cellular structures and information relating to the disease state of the individual cells in the field of view. Also, RMI techniques may be combined with visual image data and validated with other detection methods to produce confirm the matter obtained by RMI.

The invention provides a system and method for automatic real-time monitoring for the presence of a pathogen in water using coherent anti-stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy. Water sample trapped in a trapping medium is provided to a CARS imager. CARS images are provided to a processor for automatic analyzing for the presence of image artifacts having pre-determined features characteristic to the pathogen. If a match is found, a CARS spectrum is taken and compared to a stored library of reference pathogen-specific spectra for pathogen identification. The system enables automatic pathogen detection in flowing water in real time.

Devices and methods for detecting the constituent parts of biological polymers are disclosed. A molecular analysis device includes a molecule sensor and a molecule guide. The molecule sensor comprises a nanostructure, which is configured for producing a nanostructure-enhanced Raman scattered radiation when an excitation radiation irradiates at least a portion of a molecule disposed near the NERS structure.

An analyte stage for use in a spectroscopy system includes a tunable resonant cavity that is capable of resonating electromagnetic radiation having wavelengths less than about 10,000 nanometers, a substrate at least partially disposed within the cavity, and a Raman signal-enhancing structure at least partially disposed within the tunable resonant cavity. A spectroscopy system includes such an analyte stage, a radiation source, and a radiation detector. Methods for performing Raman spectroscopy include using such analyte stages and systems to tune a resonant cavity to resonate Raman scattered radiation that is scattered by an analyte.

A system is disclosed for detecting a signal field from a sample volume. The system includes a source system and an optical fiber system. The source system provides a first electromagnetic field at a first frequency and a second electromagnetic field at a second frequency that is different from the first frequency. The optical fiber system includes at least one optical fiber for guiding the first and second electromagnetic fields to the sample volume to generate coherent radiation characteristic of molecular vibrations by non-linear interaction of the first and second fields with the sample volume. The optical fiber system also receives the signal field resulting from the coherent radiation, and guides the signal field to a detector.

The invention discloses a micro fluid control detection device based on surface-enhanced Raman scattering active substrate. The micro fluid control detection device is obtained by the method including the following steps: photoresist is coated on substrate in spinning way, prebaking, exposure, developing and fixing are sequentially carried out on the photoresist, so as to form photoresist graph in micro fluid shape; plasma dry etching is carried out on the photoresist, thus forming nano granular structure or nano fiber upright structure in vertical distribution on the substrate; the nano granular structure is a mask, anisotropic etching is carried out on the substrate, thus forming nano column on the substrate; metal nano granular layer is sputtered on the silicon nano column or nano fiber upright structure, so as to obtain surface-enhanced Raman scattering active substrate; and a silicon-PDMS double-layer structure SERS micro fluid control detection device which has no impurity interference and can be monitored in real time is formed by combining micro fluid device and processing technology thereof. The micro fluid control device not only can be used for detection of liquid analyte to be analyzed but also can be used for detection of colloid and gas analyte to be analyzed.

Apparatus and method for amplifying laser signals using segments of fibers of differing core diameters and / or differing cladding diameters to suppress amplified spontaneous emission and non-linear effects such as four-wave mixing (FWM), self-phase modulation, and stimulated Brillouin and / or Raman scattering (SBS / SRS). In some embodiments, different core sizes have different sideband spacings (spacing between the desired signal and wavelength-shifted lobes). Changing core sizes and providing phase mismatches prevent buildup of non-linear effects. Some embodiments further include a bandpass filter to remove signal other than the desired signal wavelength and / or a time gate to remove signal at times other than during the desired signal pulse. Some embodiments include photonic-crystal structures to define the core for the signal and / or the inner cladding for the pump. Some embodiments include an inner glass cladding to confine the signal in the core and an outer glass cladding to confine pump light in the inner cladding.

A method for determining a property of earth formations surrounding a borehole, including the following steps: isolating a region of the borehole, and obtaining a sample of borehole fluid from the isolated region; and implementing measurements, dowhole, of the Raman scattering of electromagnetic energy directed at the fluid sample; the property of the earth formations being determinable from the measurements. In a disclosed embodiment, the steps of isolating a region of the borehole and obtaining a sample of borehole fluid from the isolated region include: providing a logging device in the borehole in sealing engagement with the isolated region, causing formation fluid from the isolated region to flow in a flow line of the logging device, and providing a measurement cell in the logging device which receives the sample of formation fluid via the flow line.

The present invention provides an apparatus for measurement of Raman scattered radiation comprising. The apparatus comprises at least one source of electromagnetic radiation for producing an electromagnetic radiation beam characterized by a narrow spectral width, an integrating cavity having an interior and an exterior, wherein a sample is placed in said interior. The integrating cavity further having at least one port for insertion of the sample in the interior and for transmission of the electromagnetic radiation into and out from the interior, the at least one port extending from the exterior to said interior of said integrating cavity. The integrating cavity also comprises a first optical element for transmitting the electromagnetic radiation into the interior of the integrating cavity through the at least one port, and a second optical element for collecting Raman scattered electromagnetic radiation from the sample through the at least one port. The apparatus also comprises a spectrum analyzer for determining spectral composition of the Raman scattered electromagnetic radiation, a detector for measuring the Raman scattered electromagnetic radiation; and a system for determining concentration of at least one chemical compound from the measured Raman scattered electromagnetic radiation. The apparatus may also comprise a radiation expanding element. A method for measuring the concentration of one or more chemical compounds in a sample using Raman scattering is also provided.

The present invention provides an down hole apparatus and method for ultrahigh resolution spectroscopy using a tunable diode laser (TDL) for analyzing a formation fluid sample downhole or at the surface to determine formation fluid parameters. In addition to absorption spectroscopy, the present invention can perform Raman spectroscopy on the fluid, by sweeping the wavelength of the TDL and detecting the Raman-scattered light using a narrow-band detector at a fixed wavelength. The spectrometer analyzes a pressurized well bore fluid sample that is collected downhole. The analysis is performed either downhole or at the surface onsite. Near infrared, mid-infrared and visible light analysis is also performed on the sample to provide an onsite surface or downhole analysis of sample properties and contamination level. The onsite and downhole analysis comprises determination of aromatics, olefins, saturates, gas oil ratio, API gravity and various other parameters which can be estimated by correlation, a trained neural network or a chemometric equation.

New and improved applications of Raman Scattering are disclosed. These applications may be implemented with or without using an enhanced nano-structured surface that is trademarked as the RamanNanoChip™ disclosed in a pending patent. As a RamanNanoChip™ provides much higher sensitivity in SERS compared with conventional enhance surface, broader scopes of applications are now enabled and can be practically implemented as now disclosed in this application. Furthermore, a wide range of applications is achievable as new and improved Raman sensing applications. By applying the analysis of Raman scattering spectrum, applications can be carried out to identify unknown chemical compositions to perform the tasks of homeland security; food, drug and drinking materials safety; early disease diagnosis; environmental monitoring; industrial process monitoring, precious metal and gem authentications, etc.

Nanoparticles comprising surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) reporter molecules of the formula A-Y and methods of their use are disclosed, wherein A is selected from the group consisting of:wherein X1 is CR4 or N; and Y is selected from the group consisting of:

The laser radar system includes transmission system, receiving system, spectrum and photoelectric detection system, and data process system. After collimation, light sent from the pulse laser is sent to atmosphere vertically. The receiving system of the laser radar receives backscattering light generated after interaction between laser and molecules, particles in atmosphere. The received atmosphere echo signal of the laser radar is sent to spectrum system to carry out spectrum. Detected by the photoelectric detection system the spectrum is sent to the data process system to carry out analysis and process. Based on preloaded program, the invention obtains temperature value of atmosphere, density of vapor, optical character parameters of atmospheric aerosol, and depolarization ratio of backscattering light of not spheroidal particle.

Provided is a surface Raman and infrared spectroscopy double-enhanced detecting method based on graphene and nanogold compounding.According to the method, light sources, a lens, a graphene nanobelt and gold nanoparticle composite substrate, an infrared Fourier spectrograph and a Raman spectrometer are included.Infrared light waves and visible light waves emitted by the infrared light source and the laser light source respectively pass through a beam combiner and then irradiate the graphene nanobelt and gold nanoparticle composite substrate, after the light waves and trace molecules adsorbed on the substrate interact, reflected light is gathered by the focusing lens to enter the infrared Fourier spectrograph, and meanwhile scattered light is gathered into the Raman spectrometer.Raman scattering signals of the trace molecules can be enhanced through the local area plasma effect of the gold nanoparticles, and meanwhile infrared absorption spectrum signals of the trace molecules can be dynamically enhanced through the graphene surface plasma effect within the broadband range.According to the method, double enhancement of surface Raman and broadband infrared spectroscopy signals is achieved on the same substrate, and the advantages of being wide in enhancement wave band, high in detecting sensitivity, wide in detected matter variety range, good in stability and the like are achieved.

A spectroscopic method, preferably Raman scattering, is used to rapidly determine the general health or stress status of living plants and plant products, including agricultural crops, forests, and harvested fruits and vegetables. In the preferred embodiments, carotenoid levels are used to provide an indication of oxidative deterioration. Based upon the results of the analysis, further action may or may not be taken, for example, in terms of choosing, picking, harvesting or sorting the agricultural product in accordance with the carotenoid level. Concentration levels of an analyte substance can be determined relative to an external standard, to each other, or relative to another substance in the item being analyzed. Carotenoids such as lycopene, beta-carotene, lutein, violaxanthin, neoxanthin, antheraxanthin, and zeaxanthin are determined according to the invention, through other plant components may be analyzed such as other terpenes, polyenes, chlorophyll, proteins, starches, sugars, overall nitrogen levels, flavonoids, and vitamins. The hardware associated with the invention may be field portable or mounted on a piece of equipment such as a harvester or sorter.