2432results about How to "Reduce conductivity" patented technology

A method for fabricating a device using an oxide semiconductor, including a process of forming the oxide semiconductor on a substrate and a process of changing the conductivity of the oxide semiconductor by irradiating a predetermined region thereof with an energy ray.

Systems and methods are provided for applying a high frequency voltage in the presence of an electrically conductive fluid to create a relatively low-temperature plasma for ablation of tissue adjacent to, or in contact with, the plasma. In one embodiment, an electrosurgical probe or catheter is positioned adjacent the target site so that one or more active electrode(s) are brought into contact with, or close proximity to, a target tissue in the presence of electrically conductive fluid. High frequency voltage is then applied between the electrode terminal(s) and one or more return electrode(s) to generate a plasma adjacent to the active electrode(s), and to volumetrically remove or ablate at least a portion of the target tissue. The high frequency voltage generates electric fields around the active electrode(s) with sufficient energy to ionize the conductive fluid adjacent to the active electrode(s). Within the ionized gas or plasma, free electrons are accelerated, and electron-atoms collisions liberate more electrons, and the process cascades until the plasma contains sufficient energy to break apart the tissue molecules, causing molecular dissociation and ablation of the target tissue.

An impedance model of tissue is useful for describing conductivity reconstruction in tissue. Techniques for determining and mapping conductivity distribution in tissue supply useful information of anatomical and physiological status in various medical applications. Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT) techniques are highly suitable for analyzing conductivity distribution. Electrical characteristics of tissue include resistive elements and capacitive elements. EIT techniques involve passing a low frequency current through the body to monitor various anatomical and physiological characteristics. The system can interrogate at multiple frequencies to map impedance. Analytical techniques involve forward and inverse solutions to boundary value analysis to tissue characteristics.

The present invention provides a multi-band, multi-mode RFID tag that uses a single antenna structure and integrated circuit to provide asset location information at any stage of a supply chain. The unified tag design operates at multiple frequencies (or bands) using the antenna structure, for example, 125 kHz, 13.56 MHz, 915 MHz, and 2.45 GHz, and preferably operates electrostatically (at lower frequencies) and electromagnetically (ay higher frequencies). An on-chip frequency monitor in the integrated circuit automatically determines which frequency is present and derives a local clock for the tag's integrated circuit, which can vary in accordance with the frequency or which can be constant. Alternatively, a phase locked loop circuit can be used to derive a local clock signal modulated into the interrogation signal. On-chip matching and power extraction circuits derive power for the tag from the interrogation signal, which is preferably passive. Additionally, a receiver can receive data from the interrogation signal.

Surface modified oil and gas well hydraulic fracturing proppants for improving wettability, altering chemical reactivity, altering surface topography, imparting lubricity or controlling relative permeability to flow of fluids of such proppants. The use and preparation of such coated proppants in hydraulic fracturing of subterranean formations is also described.

A method is provided for determining an electric conductivity of an earth formation formed of different earth layers, which earth formation is penetrated by a wellbore containing a wellbore fluid, is provided. The method includes the steps of: lowering an induction logging tool into the wellbore to a location surrounded by a selected one of the earth layers, the tool having a magnetic field transmitter effective to induce magnetic fields of different frequencies in the earth formation, and a magnetic field receiver effective to receive response magnetic fields and to provide a signal representative of each response magnetic field, at least one of the transmitter and the receiver having a plurality of magnetic dipole moments in mutually orthogonal directions. At least two of the different frequencies are selected, and for each selected frequency, the transmitter is operated so as to induce a magnetic field in the earth formation and the receiver is operated so as to provide a signal representing a response magnetic field, wherein the at least one of the transmitter and receiver is operated in the mutually orthogonal directions. The signals are combined in a manner so as to create a combined signal having a reduced dependency on the electric conductivity in the wellbore region. The formation resistivity and the relative orientation of the logging tool with respect to the formation layering is determined from the combined signal.

A method of producing a composite electrode having a specific surface area of at least 100 m²/gm for use in an electrochemical capacitor. The method comprises (a) providing exfoliated graphite flakes that are substantially interconnected to form a porous, conductive graphite network comprising pores; and (b) incorporating an electrochemically active material into at least a pore of the graphite network to form the composite electrode. The exfoliated graphite flakes are preferably obtained from the intercalation and exfoliation of a laminar graphite material selected from natural graphite, spheroidal graphite, synthetic graphite, highly oriented pyrolytic graphite, meso-carbon micro-bead, carbon/graphite fiber, carbon/graphite whisker, carbon/graphite nano-fiber, carbon nano-tube, or a combination thereof. A supercapacitor featuring such a composite electrode exhibits an exceptionally high capacitance value and low equivalent series resistance.

A method of hydraulically fracturing a hydrocarbon-bearing subterranean formation ensures that the conductivity of water inflow below the productive zone of the subterranean formation is reduced. The method consists of two principal steps. In the first step, a fracture in and below the productive zone of the formation is initiated by introducing into the subterranean formation a fluid, free of a proppant, such as salt water, fresh water, brine, liquid hydrocarbon, and/or nitrogen or other gases. The proppant-free fluid may further be weighted. In the second step, a proppant laden slurry is introduced into the subterranean formation which contains a relatively lightweight density proppant. Either the fluid density of the proppant-free fluid is greater than the fluid density of the proppant laden slurry or the viscosity of the proppant-free fluid is greater than the viscosity of the proppant laden slurry. The method limits undesirable fracture height growth in the hydrocarbon-bearing subterranean formation during the fracturing.

A thin-film transistor array includes an electrically insulating substrate, a plurality of thin-film transistors arranged in a matrix on the substrate, and each including a channel, a source, and a drain each comprised of an oxide-semiconductor film, a pixel electrode integrally formed with the drain, a source signal line through which a source signal is transmitted to a group of thin-film transistors, a gate signal line through which a gate signal is transmitted to a group of thin-film transistors, a source terminal formed at an end of the source signal line, and a gate terminal formed at an end of the gate signal line. The source terminal and the gate terminal are formed in the same layer as a layer in which the channel is formed. The source terminal and the gate terminal have the same electric conductivity as that of the pixel electrode.

The present invention relates to an apparatus and method for rapid flash-like volatilization of high and low vapor pressure components from liquid or solid emanators which is in contact with a point or localized heat source. Vaporization is promoted by a geometrically small electrically resistive heating element with variable activation for pulsed or cyclic heating of an emanating surface containing the volatile components. The apparatus is primarily directed towards the treatment of residential air for fragrancing, odor elimination, treatment of insects or pests, air sanitization, air and surface antibacterial or antimicrobial treatment, or other ambient air or surface modification by way of gas or vapor distribution.

A thermoplastic resin composition capable of providing a thin walled molded article whose flame retardancy with a thickness of 1.6 mm ({fraction (1/16)} inch) in accordance with an UL 94 standard is V-0 or better, and which comprises the following components [A], [B] and [C], wherein the component [B] satisfies the following conditions (B1) and/or (B2):[A]: an electrically conductive fiber;[B]: a carbon powder;[C]: a thermoplastic resin;(B1): Raman scattering intensity ratio I2/I1 is 0.55-0.8;(B2): Raman scattering intensity ratio I2/I3 is 0.54-0.8; whereI1: local maximum value of Raman scattering intensity appearing near a Raman shift of 1360 cm-1;I2: local minimum value of the Raman scattering intensity appearing near a Raman shift of 1480 cm-1;I3: local maximum value of the Raman scattering intensity appearing neat a Raman shift of 1600 cm-1.

A method and device delivers microwave power to an antenna through a coaxial cable utilizing air or other gases as its dielectric core. The cable includes supports made of low-loss materials to keep the inner conductor centered in the cable, and defining spaces therebetween for the air or gas. Channels in the supports allow the air or gas to circulate in the cable. The gas may be chilled or cooled to provide an addition level of heat dissipation. The device enables delivery of large amounts of power to tissue without undue heating of the feed cable or peripheral tissues, and without increasing the diameter of the feeding cable or antenna, keeping the antenna safe for percutaneous use.

The present invention relates to a calcium carbonate composition having both calcite and aragonite crystalline morphology. More particularly, the present invention relates to an acicular calcite and an acicular aragonite product and a method for the production of the same and the use of such as fillers, additives and modifiers of consumer and commercial products such as toothpaste, paper, plastics and sealants. The acicular calcite/aragonite composition of the present invention provides a balance of properties such as sheet bulk, strength, stiffness, and sizing, when employed as a filler for paper. As a coating pigment, the acicular calcite/aragonite product of the present invention provides gloss characteristics suitable for dull and matte grades of low gloss coated paper. Upon further processing such as milling, grinding, or other means of comminution, the resulting product provides gloss characteristics suitable for high gloss coated paper. For paint formulations, the acicular calcite/aragonite composition of the present invention provides properties such as low sheen and high contrast ratio. As an additive in polymers, the acicular calcite/aragonite product of the present invention imparts reinforcing properties, rigidity, and impact strength, including sealant applications.

A positive electrode material for a nonaqueous lithium secondary battery and a lithium secondary battery that has superior cycle life and safety and reduced internal resistance of the battery at low temperature is provided. The positive electrode material for a nonaqueous lithium secondary battery comprise a layered structured complex oxide expressed by a composition formula Li_aMn_xNi_yCo_zM_αO₂, where 0<a≦1.2, 0.1≦x≦0.9, 0≦y≦0.44, 0.1≦z≦0.6, 0.01≦α≦0.1, and x+y+z+α=1. A diffraction peak intensity ratio between the (003) plane and the (104) plane (I(003)/I(104)) in an X-ray powder diffractometry using a Cu—Kα line in the X-ray source is not less than 1.0 and not more than 1.5.

A conductive silicon composite in which particles of the structure that silicon crystallites are dispersed in silicon dioxide are coated on their surfaces with carbon affords satisfactory cycle performance when used as the negative electrode material in a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary cell.

Systems and methods are provided for applying a high frequency voltage in the presence of an electrically conductive fluid to create a relatively low-temperature plasma for ablation of tissue adjacent to, or in contact with, the plasma. In one embodiment, an electrosurgical probe or catheter is positioned adjacent the target site so that one or more active electrode(s) are brought into contact with, or close proximity to, a target tissue in the presence of electrically conductive fluid. High frequency voltage is then applied between the active electrode(s) and one or more return electrode(s) to non-thermally generate a plasma adjacent to the active electrode(s), and to volumetrically remove or ablate at least a portion of the target tissue. The high frequency voltage generates electric fields around the active electrode(s) with sufficient energy to ionize the conductive fluid adjacent to the active electrode(s). Within the ionized gas or plasma, free electrons are accelerated, and electron-atoms collisions liberate more electrons, and the process cascades until the plasma contains sufficient energy to break apart the tissue molecules, causing molecular dissociation and ablation of the target tissue.

There are provided glass-ceramics having a high lithium ion conductivity which include in mol %:

and contain Li_1+X(Al, Ga)_XTi_2−X(PO₄)₃ (where 0<X<0.8) as a main crystal phases. There are also provided glass-ceramics having a high lithium ion conductivity which include in mol %:

and contain Li_1+X+YM_XTi_2−XSi_YP_3−YO₁₂ (where 0<X≦0.4 and 0<Y≦0.6) as a main crystal phase. There are also provided solid electrolytes for an electric cell and a gas sensor using alkali ion conductive glass-ceramics, and a solid electric cell and a gas sensor using alkali ion conductive glass-ceramics as a solid electrolyte.

A bio-electrode for detecting heart signals and the like comprises a dry electode surface having an elevated resistivity to reduce the effect of polarization noise. The electrode is combined with a circuit having an external discharge resistor across which an output signal is obtained wherein the discharge resistor has a value which reduces the time constant of polarization noise to less than one second.

A III-Nitride device has a back-gate disposed in a trench and under and in close proximity to the 2 DEG layer and in lateral alignment with the main gate of the device. A laterally disposed trench is also disposed in a trench and under and in close proximity to the drift region between the gate and drain electrodes of the device. The back-gate is connected to the main gate and the field plate is connected to the source electrode. The back-gate can consist of a highly conductive silicon substrate.