64results about How to "Reduce ionic strength" patented technology

Systems and methods are provided for applying a high frequency voltage in the presence of an electrically conductive fluid to create a relatively low-temperature plasma for ablation of tissue adjacent to, or in contact with, the plasma. In one embodiment, an electrosurgical probe or catheter is positioned adjacent the target site so that one or more active electrode(s) are brought into contact with, or close proximity to, a target tissue in the presence of electrically conductive fluid. High frequency voltage is then applied between the active electrode(s) and one or more return electrode(s) to non-thermally generate a plasma adjacent to the active electrode(s), and to volumetrically remove or ablate at least a portion of the target tissue. The high frequency voltage generates electric fields around the active electrode(s) with sufficient energy to ionize the conductive fluid adjacent to the active electrode(s). Within the ionized gas or plasma, free electrons are accelerated, and electron-atoms collisions liberate more electrons, and the process cascades until the plasma contains sufficient energy to break apart the tissue molecules, causing molecular dissociation and ablation of the target tissue.

A method for enhancing recovery of crude oil from a porous subterranean formation of which the pore spaces contain crude oil and connate water comprises:—determining the Ionic Strength (Mol/l) of the connate water; and—injecting an aqueous displacement fluid having a lower Ionic Strength (Mol/l) than the connate water into the formation, which aqueous displacement fluid furthermore has an Ionic Strength below 0.15 Mol/l. FIGS. 13 and 16 and Table 4 demonstrate that injection of an aqueous displacement fluid with lower Ionic Strength than the connate water improves oil recovery (IOR).

Genetically-encodable, environmentally-responsive fusion proteins comprising ELP peptides. Such fusion proteins exhibit unique physico-chemical and functional properties that can be modulated as a function of solution environment. The invention also provides methods for purifying the FPs, which take advantage of these unique properties, including high-throughput purification methods.

A stable pharmaceutical preparation comprising Human interleukin-2 or a variant thereof and a stabilizing amount of histidine. A preferred formulation includes glycine and sucrose and a variant of IL-2 having a single mutation, N88R. The preferred formulation is in lyophilized form which, on reconstitution with an aqueous diluent, results in a solution having a pH ranging from about 5.0 to 6.5.

An improved cleaning composition and method adapted to clean a variety of hard surfaces. The improved cleaning composition and method includes the use of a cationic biocide that includes biguanide compounds and/or quats.

The present invention relates to novel anti-pain formulations and methods of their delivery. Anti-pain agents delivered in accordance with the methods of the invention have an improved clinical utility and therapeutic efficacy relative to other drug delivery methods, including oral, intramuscular and subcutaneous delivery. The methods of the present invention provide benefits and improvements over conventional drug delivery methods including dose sparing, increased drug efficacy, reduced side effects.

This invention relates to methods of using weak partitioning chromatography for the purification of a product from a load fluid. Further, the invention relates to methods of weak partitioning chromatography defined by operating conditions which cause a medium to bind least 1 mg of product per mL of medium, or alternatively, defined by a partition coefficient of at least 0.1.

Purification of recombinant proteins is performed by expressing in a host cell a fusion protein comprising: (a) a product protein domain, (b) an intein, and (c) at least one aggregator protein domain, wherein the aggregator protein domain comprises a self-aggregating protein such as elastin-like proteins (ELPs).

The invention discloses a method for preparing a layer-layer assembling microcapsule based on interaction of subject and object. The method obtains a microcapsule having multilayer structure, which capsule wall has interaction of subject and object by the steps of: forming a multilayer film on a surface of a colloidal particle in a manner of self-assembling layer upon layer, by the interaction of subject and object of beta-cyclodextrin and dicyclopentadienyl iron in polyallylamine grafting beta--cyclodextrin and polyallylamine grafting dicyclopentadienyl iron, based on the colloidal particle as a template; and removing the colloidal particle. Attractive force of the interaction of subject and object and electrostatic repulsive force of identical electrical charges exist in the capsule wall, so that relative size of the two forces can be controlled by changing chemical environment condition of the microcapsule such as PH value, ionic strength, molecular concentration of free subject and the like, thus controllable variation of the microcapsule size can be easily achieved. The method for preparing the microcapsule of the invention has extremely abroad latent applied cost in nanometer materials, drug releasing, biosensor, etc.

A method and system for reversibly converting water between an initial ionic strength and an increased ionic strength, using a switchable additive, is described. The disclosed method and system can be used, for example, in distillation-free removal of water from solvents, solutes, or solutions. Following extraction of a solute from a medium by dissolving it in water, the solute can then be isolated from the aqueous solution or “salted-out” by converting the water to a solution having an increased ionic strength. The solute then separates from the increased ionic strength solution as a separate phase. Once the solute is, for example, decanted off, the increased ionic strength aqueous solution can be converted back to water having its original ionic strength and reused. Switching from lower to higher ionic strength is readily achieved using low energy methods such as bubbling with CO₂, CS₂ or COS. Switching from higher to lower ionic strength is readily achieved using low energy methods such as bubbling with air, heating, agitating, introducing a vacuum or partial vacuum, or any combination or thereof.

The present invention relates to the purification and production of human albumin from various sources through crystallization and repeated crystallization. Basic features of the invented process include providing specific reaction conditions and precipitating reagents to maximize albumin crystallization. Solubility diagrams are utilized as the basis for process control of the invented method. The current invention specifically controls phosphate concentration, pH and temperature to precisely guide crystallization kinetics and crystal yield.

The invention discloses a nickel selenide/ferronickel substrate material as well as a preparation method and application thereof, which are applied to the field of electrocatalysis. In the preparationmethod, selenium powder is used as a selenium source, lauryl sodium sulfate is used as a morphology regulating agent, vanadium trichloride is used as a vanadium source, foamed ferronickel is used asa nickel source, vanadium-doped nickel selenide grows on the foamed ferronickel in situ by adopting a solvothermal reaction method, and the foamed ferronickel has high conductivity, so that in-situ vanadium, nickel selenide and the conductive substrate foamed ferronickel are compounded, the contact resistance can be effectively reduced, the distribution of the catalyst is improved, electrons can be quickly transmitted to the surface of the catalyst and participate in the reaction, and the electrocatalytic activity and stability of the catalyst are improved. The prepared nickel selenide/ferronickel substrate material is applied to the field of electrocatalysis, and has excellent HER and OER performances under alkaline and neutral conditions.

The invention discloses mineral slurry make-up base and a preparation method for the same, and relates to make-up base and a preparation method for the same. The invention aims at solving the problem that emulsification systems of make-ups are broken by directly adding mineral substance ingredients in the existing make-up bases. The mineral slurry make-up base disclosed by the invention is formed by emulsifying and homogenizing Wudalianchi volcano mineral slurry extract, squalane, butanediol, titanium dioxide, isononyl isononanoate, polydimethylsiloxane, cyclopentasiloxane, glycine betaine, cetyl PEG/PPG-10/1 (polyethylene glycol/polypropylene glycol-10/1) dimethicone, silica dimethyl silylate, ginkgo biloba extract, anthemis nobilis flower extract, bisabolol, allantoin, methyl hydroxybenzoate, propyl hydroxybenzoate, phenoxyethanol, sodium chloride, essence CI77288 and treated Wudalianchi mineral water. The method comprises the following steps of: 1, preparing materials; 2, preparing an oil-phase mixture; 3, preparing a water-phase mixture; 4, emulsifying; and 5, mixing and stirring. The method disclosed by the invention is used for preparing the mineral slurry make-up base.

The invention discloses novel sulfopropyl ether ring dextrin polymers and a synthesis method thereof. Derived cyclodextrins with nonuniform substitution degree are connected into a polymer, and the cyclodextrins are sulfonated and polymerized to obtain the derived cyclodextrin chiral resolving agents with uniform substitution position and substitution degree. The characterization on the three novel sulfopropyl ether ring dextrin polymers (sulfopropyl ether alpha-CD (cyclodextrin) polymer, sulfopropyl ether beta-CD polymer and sulfopropyl ether gamma-CD polymer) proves the advantages of the design concept; and the polymers can be respectively used as a buffer additive for separating capillary electrophoresis chiral compounds. The invention can solve the problems of low water solubility, high ionic strength of charged cyclodextrin derivatives, poor batch repetitiveness of synthesized products, wide peak range and the like, and has the advantages of simple synthesis method, fewer steps, low synthesis cost and the like.

The instant invention provides PNA probes for detection, identification and/or quantitation of microorganisms, e.g., Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Klebsiella oxytoca, Streptococcus agalactiae, fungi, and Acinetobacter species. The invention further provides methods of using the PNA probes of the invention and kits containing the PNA probes of the invention.

A high speed method is described for analyzing a plurality of individual blood samples to determine characteristics therein indicative of hemoglobin variant(s), while also quantifying the amounts of important A₂ and F hemoglobins therein. The method involves analysis of a respective blood sample by passing it through an HPLC column (preferably a polyaspartic acid cation exchange column), eluting hemoglobin species using an eluant stream passing through the column, and characterizing eluted species as a function of their respective adsorbance values and retention times; the characterizing step further includes quantification of the amounts of A₂ and F hemoglobins in the sample. The foregoing analysis is repeated for each of the plurality of blood samples, wherein the total time between successive analyses is up to about 7 minutes, and more preferably up to about 5.5 minutes.

Electroporation of mammalian cells is performed to high efficiency by use of a buffer solution containing trehalose, sucrose, or both, in addition to an inorganic phosphate buffer, an organic sulfonic acid buffer, a halide salt of an alkali or alkaline earth metal, a chelating agent, an alkyl methyl sulfoxide, and a nucleotide triphosphate, with substantially no sodium. This buffer solution is effective both in the electroporation of cells that are suspended in the buffer solution and in the electroporation of cells that are fixed on a surface.

The invention provides a method to enhance antimicrobial activity, e.g., in a mammal.

The invention belongs to the field of molecular biology and mainly relates to a regeneration solution for a Western blot membrane. With the adoption of the regeneration solution for the Western blot membrane, primary antibodies and secondary antibodies on the Western blot membrane can be effectively removed, so that repeated efficient utilization of the blotting membrane with transferred protein during Western blot detection is facilitated, the used blotting membrane can be quite conveniently reused for detecting other target proteins, time and labor are saved, furthermore, errors caused by re-sampling of the proteins can be eliminated, and comparability is enhanced. Detection experiments of multiple antibodies prove that by the aid of the regeneration solution for the Western blot membrane, the western blot membrane can be reused at least three times, so that correlative charges consumed by Western blot detection of conventional molecular biology experiments are greatly saved, and reuse of the Western blot membrane can be realized in about 30 min with the reagent. The regeneration solution is compatible with a substrate color-developing method, a chemiluminiscence color-developing method and a direct inspection method of fluorescence labeled secondary antibodies.