92 results about "Crystallization kinetics" patented technology

The invention discloses a crystal size distribution soft measurement method integrated with mechanism constraints. The method comprises the following steps: 1) data acquisition and integration; 2) modeling training and model testing: constructing a crystal size distribution soft measurement model integrated with mechanism constraint, training a training data set, injecting crystallization process dynamics knowledge into the Kolmogorov-Arnod network in a loss function form, improving the nonlinear modeling capability and credibility of the model, and performing model testing on the Kolmogorov-Arnod network; and verifying test set data by using the trained model. According to the method, the knowledge of the crystallization dynamic process is injected into the Kolmogorov-Arnod network in the form of the loss function, so that the prediction capability of the model on the crystal size distribution in the crystallization process and the credibility of the model are effectively improved.

The present invention provides a method and device system for preparing sodium carbonate and / or sodium bicarbonate and co-producing ammonium sulfate from sodium-based wastewater. According to the phase equilibrium law of a multi-component water-salt system, through the regulation of crystallization kinetics and supersaturation, the sodium-based wastewater does not need to be evaporated and crystallized to produce sodium sulfate solid. Instead, the wastewater after simple pretreatment is directly treated to achieve gradient crystallization separation of sodium sulfate, ammonium sulfate and sodium bicarbonate, thereby obtaining high-quality sodium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate and ammonium sulfate products.

The invention discloses a method for determining the solution concentration in the crystallization process of 3, 4-dinitrofurazan furoxan oxide, and relates to the technical field of energetic crystal materials. According to the method, an EasySampler and HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography) combined method is utilized, the solubility of DNTF is measured, a standard curve of DNTF solution concentration and peak area is established by utilizing a high performance liquid chromatograph, then the EasySampler is utilized to sample a crystallization process and perform HPLC analysis, and then the solution concentration at each moment is calculated by utilizing an equation of the standard curve. According to the method, EasySampler equal interval sampling is combined with off-line HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography) analysis, and a curve that the concentration of the main component of the solution changes along with the temperature is constructed. In the dominant period of crystal growth, the concentration change rate and the solid-liquid interface area are in an approximately linear relationship. The experimental data provides a necessary demonstration basis for subsequent improvement of a non-ideal system crystallization kinetics theory.

The invention discloses a precursor solution preparation method and a perovskite solar cell preparation method. The method comprises the following steps: preparing a perovskite precursor solution by taking dimethyl sulfoxide, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran and gamma-valerolactone as solvents; and adding a perovskite material into the solvent to form a perovskite precursor solution. A full-green solvent system composed of dimethyl sulfoxide, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran and gamma-valerolactone is adopted to prepare a precursor solution, the perovskite solar cell is prepared from the precursor solution, a specific solvent combination is matched with a corresponding coating rate and regulation and control crystallization kinetics, and a uniform and compact high-quality perovskite thin film can be prepared on a large area. The device efficiency is improved.

The invention discloses an application of diphenyl disulfide as an additive of an active layer of a photovoltaic cell and the photovoltaic cell, which comprises the step of adding a volatile solid additive diphenyl disulfide into the active layer to regulate and control the performance of the active layer. The solid additive is added in the acceptor film forming process, and acceptor molecule aggregation and crystallization behaviors are continuously regulated and controlled in the film forming process and the thermal annealing process. The introduction of diphenyl disulfide can synergistically optimize multi-stage crystallization kinetics, enhance H-aggregation and J-aggregation at the same time, promote the formation of a receptor fibrous polycrystalline structure, improve the carrier mobility, and effectively improve the exciton dissociation and charge transfer capabilities of the active layer. Based on the regulation and control, the organic photovoltaic device using the diphenyl disulfide as the additive realizes the significant improvement of photovoltaic performance, the energy conversion efficiency reaches 19%, a new development direction is provided for the design of a multifunctional solid additive and the accurate control of the form of an active layer in the future, and a powerful technical support is provided for organic photovoltaic industrialization in the future.

The invention discloses a preparation method of regenerated ultra-low shrinkage black polyester staple fibers, and relates to the technical field of polymer waste recovery and regeneration, the preparation method comprises the steps of raw material mixing, drying treatment, spinning forming, post-treatment section, curling and cutting and finished product treatment, and when the shrinkage rate of the regenerated polyester staple fibers is controlled, the shrinkage rate of the regenerated polyester staple fibers is controlled by establishing a gradient temperature regulation and control program. Differentiated heat setting paths are set according to different regenerated raw material components, so that the accuracy of eliminating the internal stress of the fiber is ensured, the problem of abnormal shrinkage caused by local thermal stress concentration is avoided, the stability of the ultralow shrinkage performance of the fiber is ensured, and the size reliability of a product is improved; when fiber in-situ coloring and structure strengthening are carried out, synchronous achievement of color uniformity and ultra-low shrinkage characteristics is guaranteed by synchronously tracking the dispersion state of color master batches and crystallization dynamic evolution.

This invention discloses a bamboo-based spinning material and its preparation method, belonging to the field of polymer composite material technology. The material, by weight, comprises 45-65 parts polylactic acid, 20-40 parts modified bamboo-based filler, 5-15 parts poly(dibutyl terephthalate) adipate / butyl terephthalate, 1-3 parts glycidyl methacrylate, 0.5-1.5 parts aminosilane coupling agent, 0.1-0.5 parts antioxidant, 0.2-0.8 parts heat stabilizer, and 1-4 parts bamboo nanocellulose. Through a three-level gradient interface reinforcement of bamboo micropowder-bamboo short fiber-bamboo nanocellulose, synergistic interface engineering of silane coupling and epoxy reaction compatibility, and heterogeneous nucleation of bamboo nanocellulose to regulate crystallization kinetics, stable melt spinning of the polylactic acid-based composite material is achieved. The resulting fiber has a tensile strength of not less than 34 MPa and an elongation at break of not less than 22%, and is completely biodegradable, replacing petroleum-based polyester.

The invention relates to a preparation method of a perovskite solar cell, in particular to a preparation method of a 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazole acetate modified perovskite cell. The method comprises the following steps: 1, pretreating conductive glass; 2, preparing a hole transport layer; (3) preparing a 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazole acetate modified perovskite precursor solution; 4, depositing and crystallizing a modified perovskite absorption layer; 5, preparing an electron transport layer; and 6, coating a metal electrode. According to the method, the 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazole acetate ionic liquid additive is introduced into the perovskite precursor solution, so that the crystallization kinetics and morphology of the perovskite thin film are effectively regulated and controlled, the grain boundary and surface defect state density is remarkably reduced, non-radiative recombination is inhibited, and the stability of a perovskite phase is enhanced. According to the modification method, the photoelectric conversion efficiency and the long-term working stability of the perovskite solar cell are remarkably improved. Meanwhile, the adopted 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazole acetate additive is relatively wide in source, small in dosage, good in process compatibility and simple to operate, so that the method is suitable for being applied to preparation of the absorption layer of the perovskite solar cell and has commercial potential.

The invention provides a wide-band-gap perovskite solar cell and a preparation method and application thereof. The wide-band-gap perovskite solar cell comprises a conductive substrate, a hole transport layer, a perovskite active layer, an electron transport layer and an electrode layer which are sequentially stacked. The perovskite active layer comprises an organic phosphate ester compound. According to the wide-band-gap perovskite solar cell, the organophosphate compound is introduced into the perovskite layer, Br / I competitive crystallization and component distribution are regulated and controlled, phase homogenization of wide-band-gap perovskite is achieved, the ion migration potential barrier is improved, non-radiative recombination, component degradation and crystalline phase segregation are restrained, and the performance of the solar cell is improved. Therefore, the photoelectric properties and stability of the wide-band-gap perovskite solar cell and the perovskite-organic laminated solar cell are improved, and the problems of non-uniform phase distribution, high defect density, poor stability and the like caused by ion mismatching and crystallization kinetics problems of wide-band-gap perovskite are solved.

The invention belongs to the technical field of perovskite and solar cell devices thereof, and particularly relates to a method for enhancing defect passivation and inhibiting lead leakage of a perovskite assembly by modifying a buried interface with rutin and a derivative thereof. According to the invention, rutin and a derivative thereof are used for modifying a buried interface of perovskite, on one hand, regulation and control of perovskite crystallization kinetics and carrier transport kinetics are realized through chemical coordination and interface stress regulation and control, and the defects of elemental iodine and tetravalent tin are reduced and repaired by utilizing the rutin and the derivative thereof, so that dynamic transformation of the structure of the rutin is realized; the enhanced defect passivation and metal coordination capability is obtained, and the photoelectric conversion efficiency and long-term stability of the pure lead or tin-lead mixed perovskite assembly are effectively improved. And on the other hand, effective immobilization of Pb < 2 + > in the perovskite thin film is realized through physical-chemical dual guarantee by utilizing a synergistic mechanism of bottom perovskite physical hydrophobic protection and chemical coordination Pb < 2 + >, and lead leakage of a pure lead or tin-lead mixed perovskite assembly is effectively inhibited.

This application discloses a perovskite solar cell and its preparation method, a tandem solar cell, and a photovoltaic module, relating to the field of photovoltaic technology. In the preparation method of the perovskite solar cell provided in this application, an isobutylammonium iodide solution is coated onto a framework layer and annealed. The organic cations in the isobutylammonium iodide solution can remain on the surface and grain boundaries of the framework layer, acting as surfactants and passivators, rather than undergoing premature phase transition. The isobutylammonium iodide improves the wettability of the framework layer surface to the subsequent organic ammonium salt solution, ensuring uniform spreading and penetration of the organic ammonium salt solution, creating ideal conditions for homogeneous nucleation and growth. By utilizing isobutylammonium iodide to regulate crystallization kinetics, passivate defects, and expand the nucleation window, unreacted framework layer residue can be reduced, thereby improving the performance of the perovskite layer and the perovskite solar cell.

The application discloses an epitaxial growth template, a tin-based perovskite thin film and a tin-based perovskite solar cell, and belongs to the technical field of perovskite solar cells. The epitaxial growth template is prepared by the following method: stannous iodide, stannous fluoride, an organic ammonium salt containing a conjugated aromatic ring and tin powder are dissolved in a solvent, then the precursor solution is obtained by stirring for a period of time; the precursor solution is uniformly coated, then annealing is performed to obtain the epitaxial growth template. In view of the fast crystallization kinetics and disordered crystal orientation of the tin-based perovskite thin film, the epitaxial growth template is used to induce three-dimensional perovskite epitaxial growth, the crystallization rate of the tin-based perovskite is delayed, the (100) crystal face growth of the tin-based perovskite is promoted, the in-grain defect state density is minimized, uniform tin-based perovskite thin films are formed in a larger range, and finally the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the tin-based perovskite solar cell is improved.

The invention discloses a preparation method of a pure red light quasi-two-dimensional perovskite light-emitting diode device which is formed by overlapping a glass substrate with a transparent electrode (ITO), a composite hole transport layer, a quasi-two-dimensional perovskite thin film light-emitting layer, an electron transport layer, an electron injection layer and a metal back electrode. A quasi-two-dimensional perovskite thin film luminescent layer is prepared through a one-step anti-solvent solution method with a simple process, thioacetic acid S-ethyl ester is used as a novel anti-solvent, and crystallization kinetics of quasi-two-dimensional perovskite is adjusted to influence formation and distribution of a mixed phase (n phase) in the thin film. Therefore, the regulation and control of the spectrum and the enhancement of the stability are realized, the radiation recombination efficiency of excitons is improved, and finally, an efficient pure red light quasi-two-dimensional perovskite light-emitting diode (PeLED) device is successfully prepared in combination with a vacuum evaporation method.

This invention provides a ternary cathode precursor material, its preparation method, and its application. The preparation method includes: co-adding a nickel-cobalt-manganese mixed salt solution, a precipitant solution, and a complexing agent solution in parallel to perform a co-precipitation reaction; during the co-precipitation reaction, a crystal facet modifier solution is added to obtain a ternary cathode precursor material with a (010) crystal facet exposure ratio lower than that of the (100) crystal facet; the crystal facet modifier includes polyvinylpyrrolidone; the pH value during the co-precipitation reaction is 11-11.4, and the concentration of the free complexing agent is 0.9 mol / L-1.1 mol / L. The preparation method provided by this invention regulates crystallization kinetics, resulting in a ternary cathode precursor material with a low proportion of (010) crystal facet exposure, thus laying the foundation for preparing high-voltage single-crystal cathode materials with high cycle stability and high safety.

The invention belongs to the technical field of solar cells. The invention provides a methylamine-free wide-band-gap perovskite precursor solution, a perovskite thin film, a preparation method of the perovskite thin film and a preparation method of a perovskite solar cell. The methylamine-free wide-band gap perovskite precursor solution comprises a methylamine-free perovskite material, an organic solvent and an additive, wherein the additive is Pb (SCN) 2 and rubidium salt. The system of the methylamine-free wide-band gap perovskite is FA < 0.8 > Cs0. 2Pb (I < 0.75 > Br < 0.25 >) 3, so that the MA < + > degradation risk is eliminated, and the band gap of the methylamine-free wide-band gap perovskite is about 1.7 eV; the additives can play a synergistic role, namely lead thiocyanate (Pb (SCN) 2) and rubidium salt such as rubidium iodide (RbI) are used in a combined manner, and the Pb (SCN) 2 can accelerate crystal nucleus formation and regulate crystallization kinetics; pbI2 bulk phase residues are inhibited, and meanwhile grain fusion is promoted.

This invention relates to the field of plastic multilayer film molding technology, and discloses a co-extrusion molding method for coated multilayer polyethylene film, comprising: melting and extruding high-density polyethylene resin and medium-density polyethylene resin and molding them into a multilayer polyethylene co-extruded melt film; attaching it to the surface of a cooling roller and controlling the cooling to form a multilayer polyethylene base film; activating its surface by bombarding with a corona bombardment device to form an activated surface layer; coating the activated surface layer with an amide-based slip emulsion to form a wet coating and drying it. This invention reconstructs the cooling crystallization kinetics of the co-extruded melt, inhibits the crystallization of high-density polyethylene, forms a metastable amorphous skin layer with high free volume in situ on the outer surface, provides a sensitive target area for introducing polar groups, inhibits the crystal phase shear deformation of the film under high temperature conditions, blocks stress concentration, and ensures that the film maintains morphological stability in a high-temperature cooking environment.

The application discloses a preparation method of Bi-doped N-type PbSe-based thermoelectric material and belongs to the technical field of thermoelectric materials. PbSe-based nanoparticles are synthesized by doping with a heterogeneous element Bi through a solvothermal method, a small amount of a strong reducing agent N2H4H2O is additionally added to optimize the doping effect, bulk thermoelectric material is prepared by combining a hot-pressing sintering process, and is denoted as Pb 1‑ x Bi x Se-y, wherein y is the volume of 85% mass concentration N2H4H2O, and the unit is mL. The preparation of N-type PbSe-based thermoelectric material in a wide temperature range is realized by doping with the heterogeneous element Bi, the strong reducing property of hydrazine inhibits the hydrolysis or oxidation side reaction of Bi 3+ , the coordination effect can control the crystallization kinetics of the precursor, promotes the uniform doping of Bi in the PbSe crystal lattice, and significantly improves the effective doping concentration of Bi. The carrier concentration is greatly improved, and the thermoelectric performance of the PbSe-based thermoelectric material is significantly improved, and the ZT value of the obtained Pb 0.98 Bi 0.02 Se-0.2 sample thermoelectric material is 1.06 at 823 K. The process is simple, has the advantages of low energy consumption and short cycle compared with the traditional solid-phase melting method.

The invention discloses a method for crystallizing alpha-cyclodextrin, and belongs to the technical field of cyclodextrin production. The invention discloses an alpha-CD crystallization method, which controls crystal growth by regulating and controlling a crystallization kinetic process, shortens a crystallization period, can obtain higher alpha-CD crystallization yield in a shorter crystallization time, does not need to add an organic solvent, and is simple in preparation process, easy to operate, short in crystallization period and suitable for industrial production. Meanwhile, the defect that alpha-cyclodextrin generates fine crystals under the condition of high supersaturation degree is overcome, the particle size of the crystals is greatly increased, the product quality and the crystallization yield are further improved, subsequent centrifugal separation is facilitated, and the method is suitable for large-scale production. The obtained alpha-cyclodextrin crystal is higher in purity, more uniform in particle, good in fluidity, stable in quality, needle-shaped, smooth and flat in crystal face, high in bulk density, small in angle of repose, simple in process and convenient for industrial production.

The invention belongs to the technical field of photoelectric materials and devices, and particularly relates to a perovskite light-emitting-photovoltaic dual-function device and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method comprises the following steps: sequentially preparing an electron transport layer, a perovskite light-emitting-photovoltaic active layer, a hole transport layer and a top electrode on a transparent conductive substrate; the method is characterized in that when the perovskite light-emitting-photovoltaic active layer is prepared, specific functional molecules (such as beta-alanine, 5-amino valeric acid, phenylethylamine iodide, sulfaguanidine and the like) are introduced into a perovskite precursor to cooperatively regulate and control crystallization kinetics of perovskite, defects are passivated, and the perovskite light-emitting-photovoltaic active layer is prepared. And a microstructure (such as an embedded submicron cavity or a vertical single-layer crystal grain) which is beneficial to light management and carrier bidirectional transmission is guided to be formed. The device manufactured by the method can work as a high-efficiency light-emitting diode (EQEgt, 25%) and also can work as a high-efficiency solar cell (PCEgt, 15%), bidirectional high performance of optical-electric conversion is realized, and an effective scheme is provided for developing a novel integrated optoelectronic system.

The application discloses a kind of based on 3,3'-thiodipropionic acid pre-positioning regulation perovskite film preparation method, perovskite film and perovskite solar cell.For the problem that one-step method formamidine lead triiodide perovskite film exists in the process of anti-solvent induced crystallization kinetics uncontrollable, grain is small, and many defects, the preparation method disclosed in the application introduces trace 3,3'-thiodipropionic acid as additive in precursor solution.The additive is pre-coordinated with lead ions in the solution stage, and uniform wet film is quickly formed during spin coating, and controlled release and slow crystallization of lead species are realized during subsequent annealing process, so as to synergistically optimize film formation and crystallization kinetics.This method can significantly promote perovskite grain growth, reduce grain boundary density, and passivate film defects.Finally, the solar cell device based on the film shows higher photoelectric conversion efficiency and more excellent long-term working stability.

The application discloses a dual-mode flexible capacitive sensor based on phase change regulation and a preparation method, and belongs to the technical field of flexible sensors. The method comprises the following steps: preparing a temperature-sensitive phase change composite dielectric layer film, and performing hot pressing and bonding under the condition that the temperature is lower than the melting point of polycaprolactone; and the dual-mode flexible capacitive sensor is subjected to controlled cooling by using different cooling rates. According to the application, the thermal history of the temperature-sensitive phase change composite dielectric layer is eliminated and the controlled cooling is performed after the completion of the assembly of the device, the crystallization kinetics and the thermodynamic competition mechanism of the semi-crystalline polymer under different cooling rates are utilized, the physical reconstruction of the internal microstructure is realized, and therefore the same sensor can be reversibly configured between the high-sensitivity mode and the wide-range mode in situ.

This invention discloses a method for preparing halide perovskite thin films and their applications. The preparation method includes the following steps: S1, providing a substrate; S2, mixing a precursor salt with a lactone solvent to form a precursor mixture; S3, depositing the obtained precursor solution onto the surface of the substrate and annealing it to form a perovskite thin film. This invention, by introducing a monocyclic lactone, overcomes the limitations of the traditional DMF / DMSO solvent system, significantly expanding the material compatibility range of solution processing, enabling stable film formation over a wider range of concentrations and temperatures. Utilizing the unique coordination ability and volatility characteristics of this type of lactone, crystallization kinetics can be effectively controlled, promoting more uniform and dense perovskite grain growth, significantly reducing the defect density inside the film, thereby obtaining a film with high crystallinity.

The invention discloses a hydrogen bond network stable perovskite solar cell based on bimolecule co-anchoring and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of thin film perovskite cells. According to the invention, combination of HDA and FAI is realized through carbene mediation under a thermal activation condition. -C = N and-COOH groups in GS and uncoordinated Pb < 2 + > form stable bonding, so that lead ion leakage is effectively inhibited. A hydrogen bond network topological structure is constructed at the grain boundary through the synergistic effect of the two, and lattice strain is relieved through molecular flexibility, so that perovskite grains are stabilized, crystallization kinetics are regulated and controlled, the crystallinity is improved, and finally the photo-thermal stability and the phase state stability are enhanced. The power conversion efficiency of the perovskite solar cell optimized through HAD-GS combination reaches 26.07%, and the thermal stability and the light stability are improved.

This invention provides a formulation optimization method for low-warpage, low-stress whitening luggage materials, belonging to the technical field of formulation optimization for low-warpage, low-stress whitening luggage materials. This invention inputs component property parameters and injection molding process parameters into a formulation collaborative sensing model to collaboratively predict warpage values ​​and stress whitening probabilities. The formulation is then screened using a comprehensive formulation evaluation index. A crystallization-induced shrinkage anisotropic warpage prediction algorithm based on the Avramie equation is used to calculate the warpage deflection field by coupling crystallization dynamics and thermoelastic constitutive equations point-by-point at the finite element node level. Furthermore, a cross-scale whitening prediction algorithm is used to quantitatively characterize the stress whitening probability across three scales: molecular dynamics simulation, representative volume element finite element simulation, and Weibull distribution fitting. Finally, the optimized formulation is output after verification through the injection molding process. This method solves the technical problem that warpage prediction and stress whitening prediction cannot collaboratively characterize the interaction effects of high-order nonlinear components during the formulation optimization of multi-component polypropylene luggage materials.

The invention relates to a method for preparing a perovskite thin film and a cell based on surface activity and the cell. The method sequentially comprises the following steps: adding a surfactant benzalkonium chloride into a perovskite precursor solution; applying the precursor solution containing benzalkonium chloride to the substrate; treating the precursor solution by adopting a multi-step spin-coating process, wherein airflow assistance or anti-solvent treatment is applied in the spin-coating process; and carrying out annealing treatment on the spin-coated film to obtain the perovskite film. According to the invention, the surfactant BAC is added to change the crystallization kinetics of the precursor ink, and the adhesive force of the perovskite ink to the non-wet charge transport layer of the substrate is increased. Due to the modification treatment of the BAC on the precursor ink, under the driving of the surface tension gradient induced by the surfactant, the existence of the BAC affects the surface tension of the perovskite precursor solution, so that the prepared perovskite thin film is compact in crystallization, the quality of the perovskite thin film is improved, and the charge trap is passivated.

The application relates to a perovskite precursor ink, a preparation method of a perovskite film and a battery assembly, which comprises a perovskite precursor active component and an organic mixed solvent; and further comprises an amphiphilic block copolymer additive; the amphiphilic block copolymer additive is composed of a perovskite-philic chain segment and a flexible hydrophobic chain segment and is connected through a covalent bond; the perovskite-philic chain segment is a polyvinylpyridine chain segment with a polymerization degree n of 10-100, and the flexible hydrophobic chain segment is a polyethylene oxide chain segment with a polymerization degree m of 20-200. In terms of crystallinity, the perovskite-philic chain segment in the additive has a strong coordination effect with lead ions, serves as a nucleation site to guide the uniform growth of crystals, effectively regulates the crystallization kinetics, and high-quality perovskite films with uniform crystal grain size and clear grain boundaries are obtained.

The invention relates to the technical field of pharmaceutical chemicals, in particular to a preparation method of high-purity all-trans-retinol, which is characterized in that beta-ionone is used as an initial raw material, quaternary ammonium salt phase transfer catalysis is carried out in the preparation step of a key intermediate C15 phosphate salt along a C15 + C5 synthesis route under strictly controlled low-temperature and weak-base conditions, and the high-purity all-trans-retinol is obtained. The purity and the yield of the intermediate are obviously improved; meanwhile, a three-stage purification strategy including extraction washing, single solvent crystallization and mixed solvent recrystallization is designed for a crude product, and impurities difficult to separate, such as cis-isomers, are efficiently removed by finely regulating solubility and crystallization kinetics. The method effectively overcomes the defects of low product purity and poor stability in the prior art, can stably and economically prepare the all-trans retinol crystal with the purity not lower than 99%, and meets high-end application requirements.

The invention relates to the technical field of sugar alcohol crystallization, and discloses a high-fluidity crystal maltitol production method which comprises the following steps: pre-concentrating a maltitol solution; performing vacuum evaporation and concentration to a supersaturated state, adding a seed crystal, and maintaining evaporation and crystallization under the conditions of keeping vacuum and temperature; then transferring to a crystallizer, growing crystal at constant temperature, and then carrying out slow-to-fast stage cooling to finish cooling crystallization; and finally, centrifuging and drying to obtain a finished product. According to the invention, a vacuum evaporation and segmented cooling coupling crystallization technology is adopted, and explosive nucleation and fine powder generation are effectively inhibited by accurately controlling crystallization kinetics in an organic-solvent-free system. The obtained product is regular in crystal form, uniform in particle size distribution, small in repose angle, excellent in fluidity, high in crystallization yield and high in purity, and the technical problems that a traditional water phase crystallization product is prone to caking and poor in fluidity are solved.

The invention belongs to the technical field of industrial data processing, and particularly relates to a perovskite thin film defect tracing method and system, and the method comprises the following steps: collecting a real-time optical response data sequence of a perovskite thin film in a preparation process, obtaining a corresponding standard reference sequence, and carrying out the preprocessing of the real-time optical response data sequence; and respectively calculating a first derivative and a second derivative of the real-time optical response data sequence and the standard reference sequence, calculating a rate deviation according to the first derivative, determining a crystallization acceleration weight according to the second derivative, and combining the numerical deviation, the rate deviation and the crystallization acceleration weight to construct a crystallization dynamics inertia mismatch index. According to the method, the contradiction between leak detection in a constant speed period and delay in an outbreak period is solved, and the overall deviation of the system is amplified in a nucleation outbreak period and a logarithmic item weight index level, so that tiny dynamic anomalies can be caught sensitively, and hidden defects are effectively identified.

The invention provides a method and a device system for preparing sodium carbonate and / or sodium bicarbonate and co-producing ammonium sulfate from sodium-based wastewater, according to a phase equilibrium law of a multi-element water-salt system, through regulation and control of crystallization kinetics and supersaturation degree, sodium sulfate solids are not required to be crystallized from the sodium-based wastewater by evaporation, and the sodium carbonate and / or sodium bicarbonate can be recycled. Instead, the wastewater subjected to simple pretreatment is directly treated, so that gradient crystallization separation of sodium sulfate, ammonium sulfate and sodium bicarbonate can be realized, and high-quality sodium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate and ammonium sulfate products are obtained.