The invention provides an experiment device and method for measuring the turbulent friction resistance of a flat plate, and belongs to the technical field of aerodynamics testing. The experiment device comprises a smoke collecting chamber, an air channel, a test flat plate, a velocity collector, a guide rail, a sliding block and a stepper motor, and is characterized in that the air channel is formed by sequentially connecting an air collecting section, a stabilizing section, a contracting section, an experiment section, a diffusing section, a corner section, a power section and an outlet section, the smoke collecting chamber enables the air collecting section and the outlet section of the air channel to be communicated so as to form a set of complete air circulation system, the test flat plate is fixed at the center of the experiment section, the guide rail is arranged on the wall of the experiment section below the test flat plate, the guide rail is set in a mode of being parallel to the air flowing direction, and a laser probe of the velocity collector is fixed on the sliding block on the guide rail. The experiment device is simple in structure and simple and convenient to operate, directly measures an average velocity profile of the flat plate at different flowing direction positions, solves the friction velocity through fitting and calculates the wall friction stress and local resistance coefficient of a turbulent boundary layer of the flat plate.