This invention discloses a precise
orbit determination and astronomical
ranging method based on equivalent
optical path bending correction using
celestial body motion position offset, relating to the fields of
aerospace telemetry and control and astronomical observation technology. This invention is based on the premise that light always travels in a straight line, abandoning the traditional approach of modeling light beams by gravitational self-deflection and
spacetime curvature. It utilizes the
fixed duration of
light propagation, during which high-speed motion of celestial bodies generates misalignment of transmission and reception points, forming a real physical mechanism of equivalent
optical path bending at the measurement level. The method models and calculates the offset and time
delay corresponding to the equivalent bending, corrects errors in the original measured data, calculates the true absolute position of the target, deduces the
orbit, and implements pre-
orbit compensation for the
satellite. This invention conforms to objective physical laws, has high correction accuracy, significantly reduces the frequency of
satellite orbit fine-tuning, saves fuel and manual maintenance costs, requires no hardware modifications, and can be widely applied in
aerospace telemetry and control,
deep space exploration, and astronomical observation.