The invention discloses an archaeological excavation data based relic site early terrain three-dimensional reconstruction method. The method includes steps: (1) partitioning a relic site, determiningminimum region units, numbering regions, and taking each minimum region unit as a basic recording unit; (2) subjecting the relic site to classifying space calibration, correcting relic space information sorted on the basis of excavation data into region cells, linking with the region units according to space positions, and performing statistics of depth of relics in the cells away from the groundsurface; (3) taking the ground surface close to excavation time as a starting surface to calculate depth of underground relic units by subtracting height, recorded in excavation data, of relics in certain time away from the ground surface from elevation of the starting surface; (4) taking center points of the minimum region units as elevation recording points and taking elevation values of relic units as elevation values of the minimum region units, using dispersed minimum region unit elevations to deduce ancient surface configuration in relic time, establishing a relic site early terrain three-dimensional model, and visualizing. The archaeological excavation data based relic site early terrain three-dimensional reconstruction method is scientific, effective, direct and accurate, is not only helpful to archaeological excavation data mining and using but also has a great promoting and assisting effect on archaeological site environment and layout research, thereby being significant to archaeological excavation data standardization, digitization, visualization and deep mining.