According to the multimode high-sensitivity high-speed signal receiving circuit disclosed by the invention, the communication reliability and the transmission efficiency can be improved. According to the technical scheme, a fixed-point sampling module converts an input analog signal into a digital signal and sends the digital signal to a time delay calculation module, the time delay between two paths of signals is calculated and corrected, and a decimation filtering module recovers a baseband digital signal and sends the baseband digital signal to a self-adaptive equalization module 1 for dynamic correction; sending a cancellation result to a mode identification module, sending an identification result to a carrier tracking module, selecting a corresponding carrier tracking algorithm to carry out carrier tracking, sending the carrier tracking algorithm to a symbol tracking module to carry out symbol tracking, sending a symbol tracking result to an adaptive equalization module 2, and carrying out channel equalization by adopting a blind equalization algorithm; processing results are respectively sent to a variable code modulation processing channel and a fixed mode code modulation processing channel, and lossless receiving of self-adaptive code modulation signals is realized by adopting automatic mode recognition, unified carrier tracking, symbol tracking and decoding processing.