The invention relates to an indoor positioning method based on a visible light label, and belongs to the technical field of wireless communication. The method disclosed by the invention comprises the following steps: on the basis of visible light communication, emitting a visible light signal with an alignment code type by a transmitting terminal by controlling a light-emitting diode (LED) array, so that an indoor user analyzes the position from a received light signal, and each LED has a sole identity (ID) number; designing a locating data frame structure which is transmitted by the LED in a cycle; loading to an LED drive amplifying circuit; driving the LED lamp array to transmit a data light signal; and locating the user in a sub-cell with the maximal optical power when a detector identifies a frame header. The method is free of frequency band application, free of electromagnetic interference, green and safe, and higher in accuracy located on the basis of the visible light LED. In addition, green lighting also can be carried out in an indoor scene in visible light LED communication, the indoor visible light communication is located through the existing floodlight, a visible light source does not need to be arranged additionally, and achievement of indoor location is facilitated.