2310 results about "Collection system" patented technology

The invention discloses a mechanical arm precision control method based on a neural network, and relates to the field of mechanical arm precision control, and the method comprises the steps: S1, constructing a multi-source sensing data collection system of a mechanical arm system, and obtaining a joint control instruction, tail end track feedback, an environment state and stress data in real time; s2, constructing a time sequence prediction model based on a mask encoder, processing high-dimensional dynamic error data by adopting a mask encoder structure, adaptively dividing time sequences of different sampling frequencies through a multi-patch projection module, and introducing an arbitrary variable attention mechanism to capture time sequence dependence and heterogeneity between variables; s3, training the model by adopting a composite loss function; and S4, the mechanical arm target pose error point estimation output by the trained model is injected into a mechanical arm control instruction, the motion track of the mechanical arm is compensated in real time, and the mechanical arm is driven to execute high-precision motion control. The problems that in the prior art, efficient and accurate modeling of a multivariable time sequence is difficult, and scheduling optimization is insufficient are solved.

An offshore wind power plant composite ring current collection system topology planning method based on an N-1 safety criterion comprises the following steps that S1, wind power plant basic data including wind turbine and transformer substation node coordinates, wind turbine rated power, cable electrical parameters and the like are obtained; s2, generating a candidate cable set and a cable cross avoidance constraint pair set based on the basic data; s3, a scene set containing a normal scene and all single cable fault scenes is constructed, an optimization model with the minimum total cost of the whole life cycle as the target is established, and cable construction / operation variables and direct current power flow power balance, node degrees and cable cross avoidance constraints are integrated; s4, solving the model to obtain an initial topology scheme; and S5, carrying out full fault set N-1 security verification on the initial scheme, and bringing a violation scene into a fault set to resolve until the scheme meets an N-1 criterion. According to the method, through non-predefined topological optimization and planning, reliability and economical efficiency are taken into consideration, calculation complexity is reduced, and the method can be expanded to a cross-substation scene.

An offshore wind power plant current collection system optimization method considering cable type selection comprises the following steps: S1, acquiring wind power plant basic data including fan and transformer substation coordinates, fan rated power, multi-specification cable electrical and cost parameters and the like; s2, on the basis of the basic data, generating a candidate cable set by using clustering partitions and a distance threshold value, completing candidate set reduction, and synchronously generating a cable crossing avoidance constraint pair set; s3, an optimization model with the minimum total cost of the whole life cycle is established, the double-side ring path does not need scene variables, and the composite ring path needs to integrate scene driving variables; s4, carrying out path accelerated solution, carrying out hot start on a double-sided ring, carrying out cross constraint simplification, and carrying out additional fault set dimension reduction on a composite ring to obtain an initial scheme; and S5, performing full fault set N-1 verification on the initial scheme, bringing a violation scene into a fault set for resolution until the scheme meets an N-1 criterion, and outputting a final result. According to the method, topology and cable type selection integrated optimization is realized, and the solving quality and efficiency are considered.

The invention discloses a source-load interaction method based on an electricity utilization information acquisition system, and relates to the field of power distribution network operation and optimization. The method comprises the following four steps: S1, power consumption data acquisition: dynamically acquiring user power consumption, distributed energy output and power grid state data through intelligent equipment, and ensuring real-time accuracy; s2, load characteristic analysis: constructing a quantitative model to analyze characteristics such as a user load elastic coefficient and adjustable potential, establishing a supply and demand balance evaluation system in combination with distributed energy fluctuation, and determining peak and valley time periods and gaps; s3, generating an interactive strategy, and generating and issuing dynamic strategies such as electricity price excitation, load regulation and energy scheduling based on an analysis result; and S4, executing and feeding back the strategy, monitoring the execution effect in real time, and optimizing the strategy through a closed loop mechanism. According to the method, the problems of staticization, single mode and low efficiency of a traditional method are solved, the power grid supply and demand balance capability, the renewable energy consumption rate and the strategy accuracy are improved, and low-carbon and intelligent operation of the power distribution network is supported.

The invention relates to the technical field of power system simulation, in particular to a new energy power system simulation method, which comprises the following steps: S1, constructing a multi-dimensional information acquisition system, S2, constructing a new energy station model, S3, constructing a power grid control system model, S4, constructing a typical transient scene model, and S5, carrying out optimization solution and model correction. A full-chain model covering a new energy station, a power grid control system and a typical transient scene is constructed, and parameter optimization and a multi-objective decision technology are combined, so that the dynamic characteristics of the new energy power system are accurately simulated.

Waste collection and processing systems for use in low-gravity environments include a toilet having a bowl and a lid, the toilet configured to receive solid human waste; a liquid waste collection system comprising a liquid waste receptacle configured to receive liquid human waste; a first waste tank fluidly coupled to the toilet; a second waste tank fluidly coupled to the liquid waste collection system; a third waste tank fluidly coupled to the liquid waste collection system, wherein the first waste tank, the second waste tank, and the third waste tank are each configured to be operated between reclamation modes of operation and collection modes of operation; and a waste outlet configured to selectively receive an airflow from each of the first waste tank, the second waste tank, and the third waste tank.

The invention discloses an optical fiber vibration signal time identification and classification method, system and device based on a Mam-YOLOv10 neural network and a medium, and belongs to the technical field of optical fiber communication, and the method comprises the steps: obtaining OTDR signals of a plurality of targets based on an optical fiber vibration signal collection system, and carrying out the denoising of the OTDR signals; performing short-time Fourier transform on the de-noised OTDR signal to obtain a two-dimensional time-frequency diagram of the vibration signal; based on the two-dimensional time-frequency diagram, multi-scale features of the optical fiber vibration signals are extracted; and inputting the multi-scale features into a Mam-YOLOv10 neural network containing a Mama attention block to complete identification and classification of the optical fiber vibration signals. According to the method, the influence of interference fading on the pattern recognition accuracy is effectively reduced, meanwhile, the hardware complexity is reduced, the attention weight is automatically adjusted according to different fault scenes and data characteristics, and the accuracy of optical fiber fault recognition and classification is improved.

The invention belongs to the technical field of computers, and discloses a computing power dynamic segmentation method and system, computer equipment and a storage medium, and the method comprises the steps: collecting system historical load data and a task execution mode, and predicting a future resource use condition by adopting a machine learning algorithm model; monitoring the overall load data of the system; searching available computing resources in the system; if the overall load data of the system exceeds an overall load threshold value, the resource demand of a single task exceeds a resource tension threshold value and / or the future resource use condition exceeds the computing power of the system, triggering a computing power segmentation decision; matching the compatibility between the available computing resources and resource parameters of a to-be-executed task, and obtaining a compatibility result; according to the compatibility result, the available computing resources and resource parameters of the to-be-executed task, a segmentation strategy is formulated; and redistributing the available computing resources according to the segmentation strategy. The technical problems of low resource utilization rate and long waiting time existing in computing power segmentation can be solved.

The invention discloses a cross-border e-commerce supply chain data analysis method and system based on artificial intelligence, and belongs to the technical field of cross-border e-commerce supply chains, and the method specifically comprises the steps: constructing a full-link and region-tagged data collection system, covering basic sales data and associated data, and filling missing values through an ETL tool unified format and an AI model; the method comprises the following steps: generating four types of core indexes through an AI model based on a full-link and regional tagging data acquisition system, and quantifying the current state of the regional popularity of a target commodity according to the four types of core indexes; meanwhile, a multi-dimensional data set of preview behaviors and regional features is constructed, and a data processing principle is set; evaluating an expected state of the target commodity based on a multi-dimensional data set for constructing the preview behavior and the regional feature; and adjusting the supply chain link of the target commodity based on the target region according to the comprehensive analysis of the current state of the popularity of the target commodity region and the expected state of the target commodity.

An offline collection system comprises a pipeline for storing metadata of user interface (UI) elements at web pages of a web application. The pipeline comprises crawling uniform resource locators (URLs) of web pages of the web application for content and rendering screenshots of the web pages. The pipeline then prompts a multimodal large language model (LLM) to generate database entries for the web pages comprising UI element metadata derived from the crawled content and rendered screenshots. A response system receives user queries to navigate the web application and augments prompts to an LLM to respond to the user queries with metadata of UI elements relevant to the user queries stored by the offline collection system.

The invention relates to the technical field of rail transit intelligence, and discloses a rail transit intelligent scheduling management method and system, and the method comprises the steps: collecting the entering and exiting data of passengers, the number of people in a waiting area, the train load factor and the platform congestion degree through an automatic fare collection system, a video monitor and a sensor of each station of rail transit; the collected passenger flow data are preprocessed, a box plot about passenger flow distribution is constructed, and sudden passenger flow fluctuation areas are identified in different time windows; a K-means clustering algorithm is adopted to classify passenger flow modes in peak periods, and the distribution type of passenger flow fluctuation is analyzed; a time sequence prediction model is constructed by adopting a Transform model in combination with weather, holidays and festivals and emergencies, the future short-term and medium-and-long-term passenger flow trend is predicted, and the train departure interval is optimized; and based on the predicted passenger flow distribution, a scheduling optimization objective function is constructed, and a reinforcement learning algorithm is combined. The method has the advantage of improving the passenger flow prediction precision in the peak period.

The invention provides a mountain power station current collection system state online monitoring method and device, and relates to the field of data processing. According to the method, distributed optical fiber data, environmental meteorological data and electrical measurement data are acquired to construct a multi-mode time sequence matrix, an operation state diagram is formed through graph structure representation and graph signal processing, a working condition mode cluster is obtained by combining dynamic clustering, a constraint diagram optimization framework is input, thermal, electrical and mechanical constraints are introduced, and an operation state track is generated. And constructing and fusing a non-stationary degradation path library and environment exposure history to form a dynamic degradation evolution model, and finally outputting in-service reliability and predicting residual life by a risk inference engine to realize online monitoring of the state of the current collection system of the mountain power station. By implementing the technical scheme provided by the invention, the accuracy of online monitoring of the state of the current collection system of the mountain power station is improved.

The invention relates to the technical field of digital twinning, in particular to a smart park digital twinning construction method and system based on big data, and the method comprises the steps: constructing a multi-source heterogeneous data fusion collection system, deploying an Internet of Things sensor in a smart park to collect data, and carrying out the data preprocessing; constructing a distributed big data storage architecture to store the collected data, and extracting data depth features in combination with machine learning and deep learning algorithms; constructing a park high-precision digital twin three-dimensional model, and accurately associating the extracted data depth features with a model entity; a real-time data monitoring mechanism is set, a message queue and edge calculation are adopted for data transmission and processing, a multi-terminal human-computer interaction interface regular evaluation model is developed, and an optimization algorithm is used for iteratively upgrading the digital twinborn body. Through full-process data driving and model iteration, digital mapping of the smart park is realized, and the management efficiency and decision scientificity of the smart park are improved.

An underdrain filtered water collection system includes: a pair of opposing drainpipes, each drainpipe having a plurality of collection drains; and a diffuser screen. The diffuser screen can slide within an outlet in each of the collection drains. A diffuser screen for a pressure vessel containing filter media includes: a screen pipe; a solid plate coupled to a base of the screen pipe; and a winged diffuser arranged around an outer circumference of the solid plate. The winged diffuser includes a plurality of foldable wings. The screen pipe includes a mesh screen having preconfigured interstices therethrough. Feed water flows through the screen pipe where it is directed by an inner surface of the solid plate to flow in a diffused flow through the interstices of the mesh screen and the wings.

The invention discloses an indoor water tank sediment pushing characteristic acquisition system and method, the system mainly comprises a water tank main body, a buffer unit, a drainage adjusting unit, a sediment throwing device, an imaging unit, an adjustable support and a data processing unit, and according to the method, non-contact data acquisition is carried out through a high-definition camera and a three-dimensional terrain measuring instrument; automatic identification, parameter extraction and migration speed calculation of landforms such as sand waves are achieved, the sediment bed surface is not touched in the whole process, damage to the bed surface form caused by traditional contact type measurement is eliminated, and the authenticity and reliability of data are ensured. Meanwhile, the buffer design of the combination of the flow slowing plate and the multi-stage water baffle is adopted, the kinetic energy of water flow is effectively dissipated through the graded water outlet structure, the impact force of injected water flow is greatly reduced, the bed surface is prevented from being scoured in the initial water injection stage, and the stability of the initial test condition is powerfully protected.

The invention provides a roof rainwater collection system and method capable of achieving source discarding, and belongs to the technical field of rainwater collection. The system comprises a rainwater collection module arranged on a roof main body, the module comprises a photovoltaic unit, a water collection unit and a protection unit, the water collection unit comprises a water collection tank, a tank cover, a flow guide eave and the like, synchronous control of overturning of the tank cover and sliding of the flow guide eave is achieved through a gear and rack linkage mechanism, and polluted rainwater is automatically discarded at the initial stage of rainfall; in the later period, the photovoltaic panel, the inner surface of the box cover and the three rainwater collecting faces of the protection plate cooperatively collect rainwater, and the rainwater collecting efficiency is effectively improved; the protection plate has functions of normal water collection and extreme weather protection, can resist hail impact, and realizes protection of the photovoltaic panel. According to the scheme, through the three-dimensional design of source discarding, multi-surface water collection and intelligent protection, deep integration of the photovoltaic function and the rainwater collection function is constructed, rainwater cleaning is achieved from the source, and the advantages of efficient water collection, source pollution control and equipment protection are achieved.

The invention provides an offshore wind plant current collection network topology optimization method based on an improved grey wolf optimization algorithm, and the method comprises the steps: S1, obtaining basic data of an offshore wind plant, initializing the grey wolf algorithm, and generating an initial solution set; s2, adopting polar coordinates and a minimum spanning tree to optimize and expand the initial solution set; s3, optimizing a connection mode in each group; s4, executing the optimal connection of each group of fan combination; s5, performing optimal solution set exploration on the grey wolf algorithm by adopting an operator; s6, repeatedly executing until a preset maximum number of iterations is reached, and generating a topology model of the current collection system of the offshore wind plant; the method can improve the initial solution quality and the convergence efficiency, gives consideration to the global search capability and the local optimization precision, and achieves the quick and effective processing of geometric constraints.

The utility model discloses a feces collection and discharge device for a pig farm in a Poyang Lake region. The feces collection and discharge device for the pig farm in the Poyang Lake region comprises a film covering collection system and a pollutant treatment efficient degradation system. The covering film collecting system comprises a primary settling zone, an intermediate settling zone and an ultimate settling zone which are arranged in sequence. The efficient degradation system for pollutant treatment adopts an S-shaped treatment mode and specifically comprises three parts, namely a head section, a middle section and a tail section. According to the excrement collecting and discharging device for the pig farm in the Poyang Lake area, an anaerobic method is adopted for removing COD and SS, the primary removal effect is determined by the anaerobic depth and time, the sediment amount in the primary sedimentation area is the largest, solid sediment can be discharged in time by arranging the sediment discharging port, the effective excrement treatment capacity of the device is guaranteed, and the economic benefit is improved. Pollutants can be promoted to be degraded layer by layer, and finally the emission standard is achieved.

The invention relates to an earthquake intensity field disaster situation acquisition system, and discloses an earthquake intensity field disaster situation acquisition system, which comprises the following modules: an unmanned aerial vehicle hardware platform, a disaster situation data acquisition module, an intelligent disaster situation analysis module, a disaster situation prediction and decision support module and a disaster situation return and dynamic response module. The unmanned aerial vehicle carries a high-definition camera, a thermal imager, a laser radar sensor and a meteorological sensor, collects image data, thermal imaging data, three-dimensional point cloud data and meteorological data of a disaster area in real time, and carries out disaster identification and evaluation through a deep convolutional neural network. In combination with multi-sensor data, the system can automatically identify disaster information such as building damage degree, fire areas, casualties and the like, intelligently optimizes resource allocation according to disaster assessment results, and ensures that rescue resources can be timely and accurately allocated to most required places of disaster areas.

An information processing apparatus collects a log of operations of a system or a program, and detects unauthorized access on the basis of the operation log and an attack scenario defined with a combination of functions which are not performed typically. When unauthorized access is detected, a function to be restricted is specified on the basis of the attack scenario used in the detection, and the specified function is restricted.

The invention provides a mountain power station current collection system state monitoring method and device based on digital twinning, and relates to the technical field of communication, and the method comprises the steps: constructing a temperature strain transmission theoretical model corresponding to a cable and an optical fiber, and a box transformer system three-dimensional model, and determining the position of a measurement point; the position of the first measuring point is monitored in real time through Brillouin optical time domain analysis, first temperature data and first strain data in the cable are obtained, the position of the second measuring point is monitored in real time through a thermocouple and ZigBee, and second temperature data in the box transformer substation are obtained; and optimizing the mountain power station current collection multi-scale digital twin system by using the first temperature data, the first strain data and the second temperature data to obtain a target digital twin system so as to evolve the temperature-strain state of the mountain power station current collection system in real time. Temperature-stress field data in the cable system and temperature distribution data of key measuring points in the box transformer substation are determined, and the monitoring precision, real-time performance and reliability of the current collection system in the complex mountain environment are improved.

The invention belongs to the technical field of network management, and particularly relates to a road toll collection system network security task dynamic allocation and load balancing method, which comprises a road toll collection system, and the road toll collection system comprises a network security task dynamic allocation system and a load balancing system. The network security task dynamic allocation system serves as an intelligent security protection scheduling center, is used for coping with continuous evolution threats, and comprises a real-time threat perception and response scheduling integration, a resource elastic scaling system and a strategy self-adaptive adjustment system. The load balancing system serves as a foundation stone of service continuity and performance, ensures stable operation of high-concurrency transactions, and comprises an intelligent flow distribution system, an automatic fault isolation and recovery system and a load balancing system. The method can deal with sudden security events, optimize the resource utilization rate, improve the protection precision, guarantee high availability, improve the user experience and support the elastic expansion of the system.

The invention discloses an autonomous building robot intelligent monitoring system based on multi-sensor fusion, belongs to the field of intelligent monitoring, and aims to solve the problem that a traditional building robot scheme is difficult to adapt to a complex construction environment due to dependence on a single sensor and insufficient fusion algorithm. The system comprises a multi-source data acquisition system, an intelligent control system, an exception handling system and a mode switching system, the multi-source data collection system collects working environment data of the building robot through a main sensor, obtains a positioning result and transmits the positioning result to the intelligent control system, and the intelligent control system analyzes environment and task states in real time after receiving the data, autonomously decides and controls precise operation of the building robot, adaptively adjusts a decision instruction and cooperatively works, and controls the building robot to work. The exception handling system judges the exception level of the collected data and performs emergency processing, and the mode switching system monitors the state of the main sensor and switches to the standby sensor when the main sensor is exceptional.

The invention relates to the technical field of intelligent collection of rainfall samples, in particular to an intelligent collection system for rainfall isotope samples, which comprises an environment monitoring module, a sampling equipment control module, a sampling data acquisition module and a sampling data verification module, the wind direction and meteorological data of a deployment area are obtained, the opening and closing speed of a cover body of a sampling device is dynamically calculated, synchronous control is executed, and a chromaticity response curve and a flow response curve are constructed by combining high-frequency collection and delay correction of filtrate flow and chromaticity; extracting chromaticity mutation points through sliding window extreme value detection and threshold value comparison, and judging that the quality of the filtrate is abnormal; and on the basis of symmetric compensation and curve similarity evaluation, cover body opening and closing faults are identified, and dual verification of physical structure abnormity and sampling data validity in the sampling process is realized. The system can improve the representativeness and accuracy of the rainfall sample in a complex meteorological environment so as to ensure the stability and traceability of a subsequent isotope analysis result.

The invention relates to the technical field of heavy oil product treatment, in particular to a method and device for co-production of a carbon material through molten salt pyrolysis of a liquid oil product, and the method comprises the following steps: the liquid heavy oil product is put into an electric heating molten salt reactor through a continuous feeding system, and the molten salt reactor is filled with a molten alkaline molten salt medium; carrying out catalytic pyrolysis reaction on the oil product in a liquid phase environment of the molten salt medium, wherein the oil product stays in the molten salt for 5-10 seconds; the liquid oil product is uniformly cracked in the liquid phase of the molten salt to generate low-carbon hydrocarbon gas, hydrogen and dispersed fine carbon particles, and the carbon particles suspend on the surface under the buoyancy action of the molten salt and are not deposited and gathered; suspended carbon particles are collected from the surface of the fused salt in real time through a mechanical push rod continuous collection system; according to the method, continuous and stable pyrolysis of the heavy oil product and efficient and continuous separation of the product can be realized in the liquid-phase molten salt environment, the production efficiency is improved, and the stability of the product quality is ensured.

The invention relates to the field of log burying point downloading, and discloses a front-end log classified downloading method and device and a storage medium. The method comprises the steps that a log collection system collects a DOM event triggered by a user behavior, and behavior JSON data is generated; the data processing coordinator performs data filtering processing on the behavior JSON data according to a preset filtering rule to generate filtered JSON data; based on a preset classification algorithm, performing label classification processing on the filtered JSON data to obtain classified JSON constraint data; the storage system performs hierarchical encryption of metadata and content on the classified JSON constraint data to obtain encrypted data; and the transmission system receives a log downloading request, queries corresponding log data from the persistent queue based on the log downloading request, and obtains requested log data. In the embodiment of the invention, log collection, data processing and storage are integrated at the front end, so that the conditions of network delay and data loss are reduced, and the classification efficiency of the log data is improved by utilizing the classification labels for marking.

The invention provides a dynamic cloud side-end security collaborative unloading method, system and device and a medium, and belongs to the technical field of edge computing. The method comprises the steps that original data are collected through terminal equipment, differential privacy processing is carried out, and preprocessing task data with multi-dimensional feature marks are generated; analyzing the feature marks through an edge cloud gateway, and performing task grading and hierarchical mapping by using a rule engine to generate a scheduling instruction; executing corresponding security processing according to the task level and generating task result data; monitoring a node resource state in real time, dynamically adjusting a node role based on a preset condition, and updating a resource topology; collecting system operation data and dynamically adjusting a scheduling strategy through an optimization algorithm; and finally, a task result is delivered to an application end, an operation log is written into the block chain, and system configuration is continuously optimized based on historical data. According to the invention, accurate matching of tasks and resources, full-link security protection and dynamic optimization of system resources are realized, and the efficiency and security of cloud side-end collaboration are improved.

The invention discloses a dust filtering mechanism with a self-cleaning function for paperboard processing, and relates to the technical field of paperboard processing dust filtering, the dust filtering mechanism comprises an adjusting unit arranged at the top of a fixing frame and used for preventing dust from overflowing, and a cleaning unit matched with the adjusting unit to regularly clean dust in a dust collecting hopper; an elastic rope used for changing the thickness of the elastic rope in cooperation with pulses is arranged at the top of the fixing frame, and a first dust collecting plate and a second dust collecting plate which are used for collecting dust are arranged in the dust collecting hopper. The fixed rod at the top of the lifting frame is matched with the slope groove of the rotating ring to convert displacement along the slope groove into circumferential rotation of the rotating ring, and the elastic ropes are synchronously tensioned along with deflection of the rotating ring, so that gaps between the adjacent elastic ropes are dynamically increased, a smooth falling channel is provided for dust, and the dust removal efficiency is improved. The first dust collecting plate and the second dust collecting plate are turned from a horizontal state to a vertical state, so that dust attached to the surfaces of the dust collecting plates falls into the bottom of the dust collecting hopper and is collected by an external collecting system.

The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural robots, and particularly relates to a multi-degree-of-freedom double-arm pear fruit picking robot based on an agricultural machinery and agricultural technology fusion idea, which comprises a walking chassis, a picking system, a fruit collecting system, a visual system, a control system and an endurance system, the walking chassis is mainly used for bearing mechanical parts and picked fruits, walking in a field and providing power for the whole picking robot, the picking system is carried on a picking robot body and mainly used for grabbing recognized pears capable of being picked, and the fruit collecting system is carried on the picking robot body and used for collecting the fruit collected by the fruit collecting system. The picking robot body is used for conveying the picked pears into the fruit collecting box, and the visual system is carried on the picking robot body. The device can adapt to the picking operation of standardized pear garden planting agriculture in different planting modes, is highly integrated and automatic, can effectively improve the pear fruit picking operation efficiency, greatly reduces the dependence on the labor cost, and achieves the intelligent upgrading of agricultural production.

An apparatus for sampling landfill gas from a landfill flowing through a pipe. The apparatus may comprise: an enclosure configured to receive a section of the pipe; a gas sampling port in the section of the pipe; at least one sensor device disposed in a region of the enclosure, the at least one sensor being coupled to the section of the pipe through the gas sampling port; and thermal insulation positioned to retain heat from the section of the pipe in the region of the enclosure. A method of operating a landfill gas recovery system. The method may comprise: flowing gas from a well riser pipe through a sampling subsystem to a collection system; and heating a portion of the sampling subsystem with the gas flowing from the well riser pipe to the collection system.