56 results about "Sodium" patented technology

The invention discloses a sodium ion adsorbent which comprises the following components: 30 to 55 weight percent of SiO2, 0 to 30 weight percent of Al2O3, 0 to 30 weight percent of TiO2, 30 to 60 weight percent of K2O and 0 to 5 weight percent of Re2O3 or / and ZrO2, the Re2O3 is one or more of Gd2O3, Yb2O3, La2O3 and Y2O3, and the Al2O3 and TiO2 are not 0 at the same time.

The invention relates to the technical field of gas analysis, in particular to a determination method for detecting impurity elements in chlorine-nitrogen mixed gas by an ICP-MS (Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry) method. The invention establishes an analysis method for determining the contents of eight elements including iron (Fe), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), nickel (Ni), sodium (Na), cadmium (Cd) and phosphorus (P) in chlorine-nitrogen mixed gas by an ICP-MS (Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry) method. By optimizing ICP-MS analysis conditions and a sample pretreatment process and adopting an electronic-grade solvent to leach elements, rapid and accurate detection and high reproducibility of the impurity content in the chlorine-nitrogen mixed gas are realized. The method can be applied to quality control and analysis in the production process of a chlorine-nitrogen mixed gas product, and lays a foundation for establishing a standard of a chlorine-nitrogen mixed gas analysis method.

The invention belongs to the field of mineral treatment, and particularly relates to a selective leaching method for scandium in a scandium-containing mineral, which comprises the following steps: roasting the scandium-containing mineral and an additive to obtain a roasted material, and mixing the roasted material with a leaching agent for leaching to obtain a scandium-rich leachate; the additive is an inorganic salt of at least one cation of sodium, calcium, potassium and ammonium; the leaching agent comprises an aqueous solution of a component A and an aqueous solution of a component B, wherein the component A is a C2-C10 water-soluble binary or above carboxylic acid compound; the component B is a water-soluble salt of the component A; the molar ratio of the component A to the component B is 1: (0.5-5); and the concentration of the component A in the leaching agent is 1-15 mol / L. According to the method, the scandium-containing mineral is roasted and modified through the additive, and then the scandium-containing mineral is leached through the buffer system containing the component A and the component B, so that synergy can be achieved, and scandium in the scandium-containing mineral can be selectively and efficiently extracted.

The application discloses a white granite type high-purity quartz purity prediction method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of rock purity prediction. The prediction method encodes and assigns one or more prediction parameters, such as main mica types, rock structures, rock structures, feldspar types, quartz types, solid inclusions, liquid inclusions, solid inclusion quantity, aluminum impurity element content grading, titanium and lithium element content grading, calcium and phosphorus element content grading, potassium and sodium element content grading and grain factor grading, and then predicts the quartz purity in the ore based on a random forest classifier prediction model or a support vector machine prediction model. The comparison between the actual measurement and the prediction result proves that the prediction method has accurate and reliable prediction results, realizes the replacement of manual detection by artificial intelligence prediction, greatly reduces the manpower and material resources, and provides an efficient and accurate prediction method for quartz purity prediction.

Provided is a composition, including: (A) a compound represented by the following general formula (1); (B) a compound represented by the following general formula (2); and (C) a silver compound:where R1 and R2 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms;where R3 and R4 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a sodium atom, a potassium atom, or an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, and “n” represents 1 or 2.

The present invention provides a method (600a) and apparatus for producing an alkaline mixture comprising sodium silicate, which mixture is suitable for use as an alkaline activator for alkaline activated and geopolymer cements, but which may also be used, for example, to mineralize captured carbon dioxide. The method comprises comminuting (301) an ore of a target metal into fines, wherein the ore comprises a siliceous mineral and at least one of iron and manganese as the target metal. The siliceous mineral may comprise the target metal itself and / or it may be silica and / or another silicate mineral present as gangue. The ore is dehydrated and hydroxylated compounds contained therein are dehydroxylated (302). The ore thus treated is then reacted (601) in an inert atmosphere with an amount of liquid sodium in excess of the stoichiometric amount thereof required for a redox reaction between the liquid sodium and an oxide of the target metal from the ore, to precipitate out from the liquid sodium a solid phase comprising both the target metal in elemental form and other insoluble products comprising sodium oxide. The redox reaction is conducted at a temperature of at least 320 °Celsius to induce a reaction between the sodium oxide and silica derived from the siliceous mineral to produce sodium silicate, but also below a temperature at which the liquid sodium can react with the oxide of the target metal to produce a ternary oxide thereof. At least some of the liquid sodium having sodium silicate dissolved therein is then separated (305) from the solid phase and is reacted (602) with at least one of oxygen and water to produce a mixture comprising sodium silicate and at least one of sodium oxide and sodium hydroxide. The corresponding apparatus comprises a comminution device (such as a rock crusher or grinder), means for dehydrating and dehydroxylating the ore (such as a dryer), a gas-tight first reaction vessel for reacting the ore thus treated with the liquid sodium, a solid-liquid sodium phase separator, and a second reaction vessel for reacting the liquid sodium having sodium silicate dissolved therein with at least one of oxygen and water. The resulting alkaline mixture is therefore produced whilst extracting the target metal in elemental form from its ore. Thus the energy consumed is split between the production of these two co-products, making the method of the invention a low-energy method of producing an alkaline activator for alkaline activated and geopolymer cements. Both reactions (601, 602) are also significantly exothermic and at least some of the thermal energy from them may be recycled. The invention does not consume any carbon and is therefore at least carbon-neutral. On the other hand, it consumes the silica content of gangue mineral species and / or of siliceous minerals of the target metal in its ore, which have previously been treated as waste products. The amount of waste material produced when extracting the target metal from its ore is thereby reduced as well.

The invention discloses an erbium-doped zinc selenide composite material as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The preparation method comprises the following steps: dissolving zinc nitrate hexahydrate and erbium nitrate hexahydrate in deionized water, wherein the molar ratio of erbium ions in the zinc nitrate hexahydrate is 0.02-0.08; adding sodium selenite and sodium hydroxide; adding a reducing agent hydrazine hydrate; after hydrothermal reaction for h, washing and drying to obtain the erbium-doped zinc selenide composite material. The material is of a cubic phase ZnSe structure, erbium is uniformly doped in crystal lattices, and the material is in a nearly spherical particle shape. Rich 4f electronic defect states are introduced into a ZnSe band gap through erbium doping, charge transfer (chemical enhancement) is remarkably promoted, the free carrier concentration is improved to excite localized surface plasma resonance (electromagnetic enhancement), and the synergistic effect of two enhancement mechanisms is achieved. The detection limit of the SERS substrate to methylene blue is as low as 3.24 * 10 <-8 > mol / L, the enhancement factor is as high as 1.73 * 10 < 4 >, and a new way is provided for environmental pollutant monitoring.

The invention belongs to the field of rare earth resource recovery, and particularly relates to a method for selectively leaching scandium in rare earth iron-rich minerals, which comprises the following steps: adding a reducing agent A and a sodium-based activator B into the rare earth iron-rich minerals, and then carrying out heat preservation roasting treatment at the temperature T for the heat preservation time t, so that iron in the rare earth iron-rich minerals is reduced into metal iron; the activation of scandium and the conversion of rare earth to an insoluble double salt form are synchronously realized; the reducing agent A can be lignite and the like; the sodium-based activating agent can be sodium carbonate and the like; the temperature T ranges from 950 DEG C to 1100 DEG C; the time t is 1 to 2 hours. The invention further comprises a scheme of roasting mineral grinding-magnetic separation of iron and an acid leaching scheme of the activated scandium-containing rare earth material. According to the activation method, reduction of iron and efficient leaching of scandium can be achieved, meanwhile, rare earth elements are promoted to be converted into an indissolvable form, and therefore efficient separation of scandium and other rare earth is achieved, and the follow-up separation difficulty is remarkably reduced.

This invention discloses a non-stoichiometric sodium iron manganese phosphate cathode material with high phase purity. This sodium iron manganese phosphate cathode material has the following general chemical formula: zMPO4-Na x Fe y Mn a‑y (PO4)2(P2O7) / C, where 3.7≤x≤4.3, 1≤y≤2, 2.92≤a≤3, 0<z≤0.1, and the molar ratio of Na to transition metals Fe and Mn (TM) (Na / TM) is between 1.23 and 1.45, with M being Sc, Y, Ho, or Tb. Through non-stoichiometric design, controllable concentrations of sodium vacancies and interstitial Na are actively introduced into the crystal lattice. + Optimized Na + Transport; then by introducing phosphate MPO4 with zircon-type structure as a diffusion promoter, Mn enrichment is avoided and the formation of NMP impurity phase is reduced, and the phase purity of the material is ≥93%; the synergistic effect of the two greatly improves the capacity and rate performance of the material.

The present invention provides a method (100a) and system for controlling the operation of a chemical plant arranged to carry out a chemical process which produces iron and / or manganese in elemental form from respective oxides thereof using liquid sodium as a reductant of the respective oxides and which can also produce an oxide or hydroxide of at least one of calcium, magnesium and iron from a carbonate mineral of at least one of calcium, magnesium and iron. The method (100a) comprises assigning (103a) a respective value to the no. of mol of each one of the chemical species involved in the chemical process as starting materials and products thereof, subject to constraints which are derived from the law of conservation of mass of the constituent elements of those chemical species. The method also assigns (103b) respective values to the nos. of mol of chemical species which are consumed during the chemical process by electrolytic or thermochemical decomposition into their constituent elements, subject to another set of constraints which are derived from the minimum requirements for these constituent elements by the chemical process itself. The former set of constrains allows the materials balance of the process to be controlled and the latter set of constraints allows the energy balance of the process to be controlled. The method then comprises operating (104) the chemical plant to carry out the process according to the values thus assigned. Respective values may be assigned (103a, 103b) to the nos. of mol of a preferred subset of the chemical species involved in the process as starting materials and products thereof and / or a preferred subset of the chemical species which are consumed during the process by electrolytic or thermochemical decomposition into their constituent elements, before values are then assigned to remaining ones of the nos. of mol of other chemical species not in the preferred subset. This allows the chemical plant to be operated in such a way as to optimise its performance relative to such variables as the respective nett amounts of a preferred one or more of the materials it consumes and / or produces, the energy efficiency of a part or the whole of the chemical process and / or its cost effectiveness, for example. Amongst other things, the constraints also ensure that the chemical process always produces less carbon dioxide than instead calcining a carbonate mineral of at least one of calcium, magnesium and iron to produce its corresponding oxide, and that in a large number of cases, it can produce no carbon dioxide at all. Also disclosed is a graphical technique which may be used to assign the respective values to the nos. of mol of the chemical species involved in the chemical process subject to the stated constraints, whereby the method and system of the invention may be implemented.

The present invention provides an apparatus (10j) and method for separating different chemical species from each other when they are suspended or entrained in liquid metal as solid particles. The apparatus (10j) comprises a vessel (2) for containing liquid metal. The vessel (2) is continuously axially symmetric about a longitudinal axis (Z), and at least part of it tapers to an apex. The vessel (2) comprises an inlet (4) for the liquid metal having suspended or entrained therein, particles of a plurality of different chemical species of respectively different densities each in solid phase, an underflow outlet (5) for the liquid metal with a majority of particles of a first, denser one of the plurality of different chemical species suspended or entrained therein, and an overflow outlet (6) for the liquid metal with a majority of particles of a second, less dense one of the plurality of different chemical species suspended or entrained therein. The underflow outlet (5) is nearer to the apex of the vessel (2) than the overflow outlet (6). The apparatus (10j) also comprises a first electrode (12) coaxial with the longitudinal axis (Z) of the vessel (2), one or more second electrodes (14) spaced apart from the first electrode (12), and a source (17) of a magnetic field. The first and one or more second electrodes (12, 14) each have a magnetic susceptibility with an absolute value of less than 10-2 to avoid disturbing the magnetic field. They are arranged within the vessel (2) to be immersed in the liquid metal when the vessel (2) contains the same, thereby allowing an electrical current (I) to flow through the liquid metal between the first and one or more second electrodes (12, 14). The magnetic field has a major component which is substantially perpendicular to the flow of electrical current (I) through the liquid metal between the first and one or more second electrodes (12, 14). This generates a Lorentz force acting on the liquid metal, causing it to rotate around the longitudinal axis (Z) of the vessel (2). The method may be conducted using such an apparatus. The speed of rotation of the liquid metal is varied by altering the Lorentz force acting on it until the liquid metal forms a vortex inside the vessel (2), which separates the particles of the different chemical species from each other and directs them to a respective one of the underflow or overflow outlets according to their different densities. If the different chemical species also have different magnetic susceptibilities from each other, the magnetic field can act directly on the particles as well in different manners according to their different susceptibilities, thus enhancing their separation according to their different densities. For example, the liquid metal may comprise liquid sodium and the solid particles may comprise the insoluble reaction products from a redox reaction between the liquid sodium and an ore of iron and / or of manganese, in which the liquid sodium acts on the ore as a chemical reducing agent and excess unreacted liquid sodium acts as a transport medium for the insoluble reaction products.

This invention belongs to the field of rare earth resource recovery, specifically relating to a method for selective leaching of scandium from rare earth iron-rich minerals. The method involves adding a reducing agent A and a sodium-based activator B to the rare earth iron-rich minerals, followed by calcination at a temperature T for a holding time t. This reduces the iron in the rare earth iron-rich minerals to metallic iron, simultaneously activating scandium and converting rare earth elements into insoluble complex salts. The reducing agent A can be lignite, etc.; the sodium-based activator can be sodium carbonate, etc.; the temperature T is 950-1100℃; and the time t is 1-2 hours. This invention also includes a scheme for separating iron through grinding and magnetic separation of the calcined minerals and an acid leaching scheme for the activated scandium-containing rare earth materials. The activation method of this invention can achieve iron reduction and efficient scandium leaching while simultaneously promoting the conversion of rare earth elements into insoluble forms, thereby achieving efficient separation of scandium from other rare earth elements and significantly reducing the difficulty of subsequent separation.

This invention provides a one-step sodium-removed manganese-based phosphate cathode material, its preparation method, and its application. The chemical formula of the cathode material is Na. x VMn 1‑y M y (PO4)3 or Na x V 1‑y M y Mn(PO4)3; wherein, 2≤x≤4, 0.01≤y≤0.5; the M includes Ti 4+ Cr 3+ Y 3+ Zr 4+ Nb 5+ Mo 6+ Hf 4+ W 6+ The cathode material is a manganese-based phosphate cathode material in which M replaces part of the vanadium or manganese sites, and the cathode material exhibits one-step sodium ion deintercalation / intercalation kinetics. The one-step sodium-deintercalation manganese-based phosphate cathode material prepared by this invention has rapid sodium ion deintercalation / intercalation capability, excellent high-rate capacity and cycle stability, and effectively solves the problems of slow second-step sodium deintercalation kinetics and poor structural stability.

The present invention provides a method (100a) and system for controlling the operation of a chemical plant arranged to carry out a chemical process which produces iron and / or manganese in elemental form from respective oxides thereof using liquid sodium as a reductant of the respective oxides and which can also produce an oxide or hydroxide of at least one of calcium, magnesium and iron from a carbonate mineral of at least one of calcium, magnesium and iron. The method (100a) comprises assigning (103a) a respective value to the no. of mol of each one of the chemical species involved in the chemical process as starting materials and products thereof, subject to constraints which are derived from the law of conservation of mass of the constituent elements of those chemical species. The method also assigns (103b) respective values to the nos. of mol of chemical species which are consumed during the chemical process by electrolytic or thermochemical decomposition into their constituent elements, subject to another set of constraints which are derived from the minimum requirements for these constituent elements by the chemical process itself. The former set of constrains allows the materials balance of the process to be controlled and the latter set of constraints allows the energy balance of the process to be controlled. The method then comprises operating (104) the chemical plant to carry out the process according to the values thus assigned. Respective values may be assigned (103a, 103b) to the nos. of mol of a preferred subset of the chemical species involved in the process as starting materials and products thereof and / or a preferred subset of the chemical species which are consumed during the process by electrolytic or thermochemical decomposition into their constituent elements, before values are then assigned to remaining ones of the nos. of mol of other chemical species not in the preferred subset. This allows the chemical plant to be operated in such a way as to optimise its performance relative to such variables as the respective nett amounts of a preferred one or more of the materials it consumes and / or produces, the energy efficiency of a part or the whole of the chemical process and / or its cost effectiveness, for example. Amongst other things, the constraints also ensure that the chemical process always produces less carbon dioxide than instead calcining a carbonate mineral of at least one of calcium, magnesium and iron to produce its corresponding oxide, and that in a large number of cases, it can produce no carbon dioxide at all. Also disclosed is a graphical technique which may be used to assign the respective values to the nos. of mol of the chemical species involved in the chemical process subject to the stated constraints, whereby the method and system of the invention may be implemented.

The invention discloses a method for measuring the concentration of sodium ions in a multi-mixing nickel electroplating bath solution based on a sodium ion selective electrode, relates to a method for measuring the content of sodium in an electroplating solution, and belongs to the technical field of solution analysis. The method aims at solving the technical problems that an existing common analysis method is complex in operation and low in accuracy. The method comprises the following steps: taking a standard sodium ion solution; recording the membrane potential E; drawing a standard curve; and measuring the sample. According to the method, the sodium ion concentration can be directly read based on an electrode method, the environment condition of a solution system is set, the sodium ion electrode is used for testing, the method is convenient, stable and rapid, and the testing range and accuracy of the method can meet analysis requirements. The method is used for measuring the concentration of the sodium ions in the multi-mixing nickel electroplating bath solution.

The invention discloses a red mud all-element high-value resource recycling process, and relates to the technical field of red mud. Sodium silicate and sodium alkali are efficiently separated through washing of the double-helix mud washing machine, concentration of the thickener, dealkalization leaching of ammonium chloride, classification of the hydrocyclone, targeted treatment of coarse and fine particles, high-value utilization of silicon alkali overflow liquid, two-stage membrane electrodialysis and the like; the problems of recovery of sodium silicate and electronic-grade silica sol in the red mud, removal and conversion of sodium hydroxide into high-purity sodium hydroxide and full-component decomposition, separation and enrichment of valuable elements (silicon, aluminum, iron, titanium, vanadium, heavy metals and three-rare elements) are completely solved, and finally full-element utilization of the red mud, especially enrichment of alkali-soluble three-rare elements, is realized. The commercial value of the red mud is far higher than that of bauxite, and a feasible industrial path is provided for harmless, recycling and high-value utilization of the red mud.

Electrode material of formula A2Fe3(SO4)4 in which A is an alkali selected from sodium (Na), lithium (Li), potassium (K) and mixtures thereof, the electrode material having a crystallographic structure.

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a glass substrate for data recording that achieves both processability and long-term storability. The present disclosure relates to a glass substrate which is for data recording and to the inside of which information can be written with a laser, said glass substrate comprising a first main surface and a second main surface opposite from the first main surface, wherein: an outer peripheral end surface that constitutes the outer periphery of the glass substrate is formed between the first main surface and the second main surface; the thickness of the glass substrate is 0.3-5.0 mm; the glass substrate has a glass composition that contains, in molar percentages based on oxides, 55-88 mol% of SiO2, 0-25 mol% of Al2O3, 0-30 mol% of B2O3, 0-25 mol% of an alkali metal oxide, and 0-25 mol% of an alkaline earth metal oxide; and in a region from the first main surface of the glass substrate to a depth of 0.1 μm, the concentration of sodium ions as measured by time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) is not more than 9,000 ppm.

The invention belongs to the technical field of hydrometallurgy, and particularly discloses a method for separating and recovering lead, antimony and tin from secondary lead refining slag in a short process. The method provided by the invention comprises the following steps: mixing the secondary lead refining slag with a leaching agent, and carrying out solid-liquid separation after a leaching reaction to obtain lead-rich leaching slag and a leaching solution; an oxidizing agent is introduced into the leachate, solid-liquid separation is carried out after precipitation reaction, and sodium pyroantimonate precipitate and a tin-containing solution are obtained; adjusting the pH value of the tin-containing solution by dilute sulphuric acid, and inducing tin ions to hydrolyze and precipitate to obtain tin-rich precipitates; according to the method, the high selectivity of the leaching agent on tin and antimony is utilized, tin and antimony are selectively leached, and lead is separated and enriched into slag; oxidizing and precipitating the leaching solution rich in tin and antimony to prepare sodium pyroantimonate to realize tin and antimony separation; and finally, carrying out pH regulation and control on the tin-containing solution, and precipitating tin ions. According to the scheme, efficient separation and recovery of lead, antimony and tin can be achieved, and meanwhile the method has the advantages of being short in process, free of high-temperature reaction and low in cost.

The invention discloses a method and device for extracting iron by reducing red mud through CH4 / CO plasma in the aluminum oxide industry, and the method comprises the following steps: feeding red mud (5) into a red mud preheater (7) for preheating, conveying the preheated red mud to an electric arc furnace (1) through a fluidized bed, and carrying out smelting reduction on the red mud and CH4 or CO plasma in the furnace to generate molten iron, furnace slag and high-temperature sodium-containing flue gas; molten iron flows out through the diversion port, and waste slag is discharged through the slag discharge port. The method solves the problems of low iron recovery rate of the high-iron red mud, high impurity content of iron ore concentrate, high alkalinity of tailings after iron extraction of the red mud and the like. Iron oxide in the red mud is reduced into sponge iron at a relatively low temperature by utilizing an efficient excited state CH4 / CO plasma reduction technology, the total iron content is more than or equal to 80%, the iron recovery rate is more than or equal to 85%, sodium elements in the red mud are synchronously removed, meanwhile, the cost of plasma CH4 is lower, and the method is suitable for large-scale industrial application.

The present invention relates to stable sodium silicate and iron silicate solutions having a SiO2 to Na2O weight ratio of 1.5 to 2.5 and a total percentage of solids, expressed as the sum of SiO2 and Na2O, of 20% to 55%. The solutions also have a soluble iron content, expressed as Fe, of 0.1% to 7% and a water content of 38% to 79.9%. The present invention also relates to a method for preparing stable solutions of sodium silicate and iron silicate solutions, comprising the steps of: (a) providing an iron-containing siliceous material; (b) subjecting the iron-containing siliceous material to hydrothermal treatment with caustic soda at elevated temperature and controlled pressure; and (c) filtering the reaction solution to separate the reacted portion of the hydrothermal treatment from the unreacted portion. Furthermore, the present invention relates to uses of the stable sodium silicate and iron silicate solutions.

The present invention provides an apparatus and method for separating undissolved contaminants, for example in the form of suspended or entrained particulates, from liquid metal, such as liquid sodium and liquid sodium- potassium alloy (NaK). The apparatus comprises a manifold (2) for dividing the liquid metal containing undissolved contaminants into a plurality of streams, each of which is fed to one of a plurality of traps (10, 20) connected to the manifold (2) in parallel with each other. Each trap (10, 20) contains a substrate (14, 24) for trapping the undissolved contaminant thereon, and also has a liquid metal flow meter (31, 32) associated with the trap, to indicate when the respective trap is approaching plugging by contaminant. The method of the invention ensures that the traps (10, 20) approach plugging at different times, so that one of the traps may be emptied of contaminant whilst another of the traps continues to remove undissolved contaminant from the liquid metal. Each trap comprises a plurality of valves (V1, V2, V3; V4, V5, V6), whereby filling and emptying of the respective trap with liquid metal may be controlled, and a door (15, 25), whereby a substrate (14, 24) bearing trapped contaminant may be removed from within the trap into an inert atmosphere (17, 27) and replaced by an empty trap. Filling and emptying each trap with liquid metal may be aided by pumping inert gas into the respective trap by means of a pump (41, 42). The invention is particularly suited to treating a liquid metal, such as liquid sodium, which has been used as a chemical reducing agent, and which therefore contains high levels of insoluble reaction products, such as particles of reduced metal and / or metal oxides, suspended or entrained in the liquid metal as contaminants.

The present invention provides a method and apparatus for producing manganese from a manganese ore without using any carbon or a carbon-containing reductant. The manganese ore may be a primary ore comprising rhodochrosite and / or a secondary ore in which manganese is present as at least one of the mineral and mineraloid forms of manganese oxide and manganese oxyhydroxide, for example. The method (500a) comprises comminuting (501) the manganese ore into fines and converting a manganiferous mineral in the ore into a trivalent manganese oxide using at least one of a reductant-free pyrometallurgical technique (502) and an inorganic hydrometallurgical technique (503). The trivalent manganese oxide is then added (505) to an amount of liquid sodium in excess of the stoichiometric amount thereof required for a redox reaction between the liquid sodium and the trivalent manganese oxide, to produce a solid phase comprising both elemental manganese and other insoluble products at least comprising sodium oxide. This redox reaction is conducted in an inert atmosphere and its temperature is controlled to remain below about 600 °Celsius to inhibit the production of ternary oxides like α- NaMnO2. The method then comprises separating (506) at least some of the solid phase from the liquid sodium, and separating (507) the elemental manganese from the other insoluble products, which may be done, for example, based on their different densities. The phase separation (506) and the separation (507) of the elemental manganese from the other insoluble products may be carried out in any order. Thus manganese can be extracted from its ores without producing any greenhouse gases, and sodium oxide, or sodium hydroxide derived from hydrating this sodium oxide, can be produced as a co-product. If this sodium oxide and / or hydroxide, which has a high affinity for carbon dioxide, is then used to mineralize captured carbon dioxide, the invention can have a negative carbon footprint overall. The corresponding apparatus comprises a comminution device (such as a rock crusher or grinder), a subassembly for converting the manganiferous mineral in the ore into a trivalent manganese oxide, a gas-tight reaction vessel for reacting the trivalent manganese oxide with the liquid sodium, a solid-liquid sodium phase separator for removing excess liquid sodium, and a solid-species separator for separating the elemental manganese from the other insoluble products.

The present application relates to a preparation method of high compact density composite sodium iron phosphate and its application. The preparation method comprises the following steps: a sodium source, an iron source and a phosphorus source are weighed according to the stoichiometric ratio of [xNa+(a-x)A]:[yFe+(b-y)B]:P=a:b:(c+2), A is a Na site dopant, and B is a Fe site dopant; the iron source, the sodium source, the phosphorus source and a chelating agent are mixed and dispersed into pure water, and then reacted at a certain temperature for a period of time; the reaction product is transferred into a sand mill for grinding; a dispersing agent and sucrose, dopants A and B are added; and after grinding, a slurry F is obtained. The slurry F is subjected to spray drying to obtain a powder K. The powder K is transferred into a tube furnace, calcined at a temperature of 450-600 DEG C under a N2 protective atmosphere with an oxygen content of less than 50 ppm, and then airflow pulverized to obtain a sodium iron phosphate pyrophosphate positive electrode material powder with a high compact density and a molecular formula of (Na x A a‑x )(Fe y B b‑y )(PO4) c P2O7. The product produced by the present application has high compact density, and the kinetic performance of the material is enhanced, the thermal stability and chemical stability of the material are improved, and the electrochemical performance is good.

The invention discloses a FeO content determination method suitable for multi-lithologic rock, and relates to the technical field of geological analytical chemistry and rock geochemistry. The method comprises the following steps: step 1, sample pretreatment: wetting a rock powder sample with water, adding hydrofluoric acid (HF) and a near-boiling dilute sulphuric acid solution, and covering and sealing; step 2, heating and decomposing: heating and decomposing the mixture in the step 1 at 200 + / -10 DEG C for 10-20 minutes; step 3, complexing and cooling with mixed acid: adding sulfur-phosphorus mixed acid into the heated solution, and then immediately cooling to room temperature in a water bath; and step 4, titration determination: adding a sodium diphenylaminesulfonate indicator into the cooled solution, titrating with a potassium dichromate standard solution until the solution presents stable light purple, and recording the consumed volume V1. The optimized HF-near-boiling H2SO4 system can efficiently decompose various rocks from acidity to super-basic property, the problem that indissolvable samples such as peridotite and the like cannot be completely decomposed by a traditional method is solved, and the sample applicability is wide.

This invention discloses a method for handling excessive antimony during sodium-antimony co-evaporation in the fabrication of a second-generation multi-alkali photocathode. During the fabrication process, the photocurrent is monitored. If the photocurrent is below 1500 nA, it is determined that there is excessive antimony during sodium-antimony co-evaporation of the substrate layer, and the following steps are taken: The sodium evaporation power supply is turned on, and the evaporation current is adjusted to its initial value; the evaporation current is increased incrementally at a rate of 400 mA / min. When an increase or decrease in photocurrent is detected, the increase in the evaporation current is stopped, and the current evaporation current is maintained; after one minute, the antimony evaporation power supply is turned on; the antimony evaporation current is adjusted to its initial value, and the evaporation current is increased incrementally at a rate of 500 mA / min; when an increase or decrease in photocurrent is detected, the antimony evaporation power supply is turned off within 30 seconds; after one minute, the sodium evaporation power supply is turned off, and the process proceeds to the next step. This invention improves the problem of low sensitivity caused by excessive antimony in the substrate layer during the fabrication of a second-generation multi-alkali photocathode, and significantly enhances the sensitivity of the photocathode.

This invention discloses a method for the simultaneous removal of arsenic and chlorine from waste acid based on sodium arsenite minerals, belonging to the field of wastewater treatment and resource recovery technology. The method includes: adding an oxidant to the waste acid solution; supplementing copper, sodium, calcium, and chlorine sources according to the stoichiometric ratio of sodium arsenite (NaCaCu₅(AsO₄)₄Cl·5H₂O); conducting a water bath heating reaction under stirring conditions; adjusting the pH of the solution; and inducing Na₂O. + Ca 2+ In situ, sodium arsenate precipitate (sodium arsenate chlorite) is formed by the coordination precipitation reaction of Cu²⁺, As(V), and Cl⁻. After solid-liquid separation, washing, and drying, the sodium arsenate chlorite mineral is obtained. This invention utilizes the coexistence of arsenic and chlorine in pollutants. By adjusting the ratio of key components and controlling the reaction conditions, both arsenic and chlorine are simultaneously introduced into the mineral lattice, achieving efficient removal and resource conversion of arsenic and chlorine. This invention achieves synergistic removal and resource utilization of pollutants, resulting in significant environmental and economic benefits.

The invention discloses a method for separating copper, zinc, scandium and manganese and purifying a nickel-cobalt solution, and belongs to the technical field of metal production or refining. The method comprises the following steps: adding a sulfuric acid solution into the nickel-cobalt-containing material for leaching, and carrying out solid-liquid separation to obtain a first leachate; a first oxidizing agent is introduced into the first leaching solution, so that the ferrous iron is oxidized, and a first oxidized leaching solution is obtained; a salt solution containing one or more of sodium, potassium and ammonia is added into the first oxidized leachate for vanadium precipitation and iron removal, and scandium-containing ferrovanadium slag and second leachate are obtained through solid-liquid separation; adding a second oxidant into the second leaching solution to oxidize the divalent manganese, and carrying out solid-liquid separation to obtain manganese oxide precipitation slag and a third leaching solution; and carrying out copper-zinc extraction on the third leaching solution by adopting a synergistic extraction agent consisting of a saponified acidic organic phosphorus extraction agent and an aromatic hydroxime extraction agent so as to separate copper and zinc and obtain a purified nickel-cobalt solution. The method can be used for extracting copper and zinc and purifying a nickel-cobalt solution at a relatively low pH value, and can be used for separating copper and zinc from scandium manganese and nickel cobalt.

The invention belongs to the technical field of environmental remediation materials, and discloses a preparation method and application of a double-target adsorption radioactive anion and cation material. The cuprous oxide / copper-sodium vanadium silicate (Cu / Cu2O / Na-V-Si) adsorption material is synthesized, sodium vanadium silicate is firstly synthesized through a simple two-step hydrothermal method, then nano Cu2O particles grow on the surface of sodium vanadium silicate, the Cu / Cu2O / Na-V-Si adsorption material is successfully prepared by changing synthesis conditions, the prepared adsorption material can realize simultaneous removal of anions and cations in nuclear pollution wastewater, and the adsorption efficiency is improved. The preparation method is simple and convenient, the removal efficiency is high, and the problem of removal in the presence of radioactive anions and cations in actual water can be well solved.

This invention discloses an O3-type NiFeMn layered oxide, characterized by: sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, calcium carbonate, and Ni 1 / 3 Fe 1 / 3 Mn 1 / 3 It is prepared from (OH)₂ through ball milling and one-step sintering, and has the chemical formula Na. 0.95 K 0.01 Mg 0.01 Ca 0.01 Ni 1 / 3 Fe 1 / 3 Mn 1 / 3 O2, with a K:Mg:Ca molar ratio of 1:1:1; crystal structure belonging to the O3 phase of space group R-3m; microstructure as spherical with a particle size of 2 micrometers. When used as a cathode material in sodium-ion batteries, it exhibits a reversible specific capacity of 120-130 mAh g under conditions of 2.0-4.0 V voltage and 0.1 C current density. ‑1 Under conditions of 2.0–4.0 V voltage and 1 C current density, the reversible specific capacity is 105–115 mAh g⁻¹ after 800 cycles. −1 The capacity retention rate is over 80%.