600 results about "Thallium" patented technology

A dual-energy x-ray imaging system searches a moving automobile for concealed objects. Dual energy operation is achieved by operating an x-ray source at a constant potential of 100 KV to 150 KV, and alternately switching between two beam filters. The first filter is an atomic element having a high k-edge energy, such as platinum, gold, mercury, thallium, lead, bismuth, and thorium, thereby providing a low-energy spectrum. The second filter provides a high-energy spectrum through beam hardening. The low and high energy beams passing through the automobile are received by an x-ray detector. These detected signals are processed by a digital computer to create a steel suppressed image through logarithmic subtraction. The intensity of the x-ray beam is adjusted as the reciprocal of the measured automobile speed, thereby achieving a consistent radiation level regardless of the automobile motion. Accordingly, this invention provides images of organic objects concealed within moving automobiles without the detritus effects of overlying steel and automobile movement.

A down hole cutting tool includes a cutting element support structure. The cutting element support structure has at least one cavity formed therein. A cutting element is disposed in the cavity. Braze alloy is also disposed in the cavity between the cutting element and the cutting element support structure. The braze alloy comprises between about 0.5% and about 10% by weight of at least one selected from the group of gallium (Ga), indium (In), thallium (Tl). Methods for building a down hole tool using the braze alloy are also disclosed.

A braze alloy is described which includes indium and/or thallium as alloying elements. For example, between about 0.5% and about 10% by weight of indium (In) and/or thallium (Tl) can be added to a braze alloy to reduce the braze temperature without substantially effecting braze strength. Braze alloys that are alloyed to including indium (In) and/or thallium (Tl) can be use in brazing cutting elements to drilling tools. These alloying elements may also be added to braze alloys used for other applications to reduce braze temperature.

A compact includes a mixture of a solid binder and at least one nanopowder phosphor chosen from yttrium oxide, yttrium tantalate, barium fluoride, cesium fluoride, bismuth germanate, zinc gallate, calcium magnesium pyrosilicate, calcium molybdate, calcium chlorovanadate, barium titanium pyrophosphate, a metal tungstate, a cerium doped nanophosphor, a bismuth doped nanophosphor, a lead doped nanophosphor, a thallium doped sodium iodide, a doped cesium iodide, a rare earth doped pyrosilicate, or a lanthanide halide. The compact can be used in a radiation detector for detecting ionizing radiation.

A thallium-free high pressure ceramic metal halide lamp having superior dimming characteristics with a fill composition comprising MgI2 and CeI3. In addition, the fill chemistry comprises NaI and the halides of rare earth metals such as Dy, Ho and Tm.

Methods and apparatus are disclosed for remediating metal contaminants using hydrocarbons which stimulate the growth of hydrocarbon-utilizing bacteria. The metal contaminants may include heavy metals such as arsenic, antimony, beryllium, cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, mercury, iron, manganese, magnesium, radium, nickel, selenium, silver, thallium and zinc. The hydrocarbon may include alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, poly(alkene)s, poly(alkyne)s, aromatic hydrocarbons, aromatic hydrocarbon polymers and aliphatic hydrocarbons. Butane is a particularly suitable hydrocarbon which stimulates the growth of butane-utilizing bacteria. Remediation may occur in-situ or ex-situ, and may occur under aerobic, anaerobic or dual aerobic/anaerobic conditions. Examples of applications include the remediation of heavy metals, the remediation of arsenic impacted surface water, groundwater and/or soil, the remediation of acid mine drainage, and the treatment of spent metal plating solutions.

The invention relates to a deep purification process for thallium-containing waste water, which belongs to the technical field of sewage treatment. The deep purification process for the thallium-containing waste water comprises the following steps: (1) adding excess oxidizing agent into the thallium-containing waste water so as to oxidize Tl<+> into Tl<3+>; (2) adjusting the pH value of the thallium-containing waste water to 7 to 13 so as to produce thallium hydroxide precipitate; (3) carrying out solid-liquid separation to remove the thallium hydroxide precipitate in the thallium-containing waste water so as to obtain preliminarily purified water; (4) adding a reducing agent into the preliminarily purified water so as to allow redox potential of the preliminarily purified water to be less than 200 mV; and (5) introducing the preliminarily purified water treated in the step (4) into an ion exchange column equipped with an adsorption resin for purification so as to obtain deeply purified water, wherein the adsorption resin is a macroporous chelate resin containing a mercapto group. The deep purification process enables the thallium-containing waste water to be deeply purified; and the obtained deeply-purified water has total thallium content of less than 0.1 [mu]g/L.

The invention utilizes the characteristics that tin has two states of bivalence and tetravalence in the solution, and the difference of the pH values is great when the tetravalent tin and trivalent indium ions precipitate in the solution, so the tetravalent tin and trivalent indium ions can be controlled under a certain pH value; oxidant is utilized to oxidize tin ions into tetravalence to generate hydrolysis precipitation, while indium still remains in the water solution, thus achieving the complete separation of indium from tin. At the moment, the tin contained in the indium solution is lowered to 2ppm, aluminium cutter replacement can be directly carried out after vulcanization to ensure that the content of tin, cadmium, thallium and lead is less than 100 PPM, and the content of indium is greater than 99%; while the oxidized tin dregs return and leach, and finally coarse tin oxide can be obtained for sale after washing and roasting the leached dregs, and the grade of indium content is lower than 0.2%.

The invention discloses a process for removing thallium from thallium-containing heavy metal wastewater through neutralization and flocculation. The process comprises the following steps: performing primary treatment, namely adjusting the pH value of thallium-containing heavy metal wastewater to be more than 7through acid and alkali, adding an efficient coagulant, sulfide and a flocculant, and performing solid-liquid separation through a slanting board sedimentation pool; performing secondary treatment, namely adding sulfide, diatomite and the flocculant into supernatant purified water after primary treatment, and performing solid-liquid separation through the slanting board sedimentation pool; adjusting the purified water subjected to secondary treatment to be neutral, adding iron salt, and finally filtering through a filter and directly discharging to the outside. Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the removal rate of thallium and other heavy metal ions in the heavy metal wastewater can be effectively increased, the environmental pollution can be avoided, and the medicament cost can be reduced.

A catalyst composite is disclosed. Also disclosed is its use for dehydrogenation reactions. The catalyst composite comprises a Group VIII noble metal component, a Group IA or IIA metal component, and a component selected from the group consisting of tin, germanium, lead, indium, gallium, thallium, or mixtures thereof, all on an alumina support comprising essentially theta-alumina, having a surface area from 50 to 120 m2/g, an apparent bulk density of at 0.5g/cm3 and a mole ratio of the Group VIII noble metal component to the component selected from the group consisting of tin, germanium, lead, indium, gallium, thallium or mixtures thereof in the range from 1.5 to 1.7.

A scintillator composition is described, including a matrix material and an activator. The matrix material includes at least one alkali metal or thallium; at least one alkaline earth metal or lead; and at least one halide compound. The activator is usually cerium, praseodymium, or mixtures thereof. Radiation detectors which include the scintillator composition are also described. Methods for detecting high-energy radiation also form part of this disclosure.

The invention provides a catalyst for preparing olefin from low-carbon alkane by dehydrogenation. The catalyst comprises an aluminum oxide carrier and the following active components with the carrier as datum by mass: 0.1 to 2.0% of a group-VIII metal, 0.1 to 2.0% of a second metal component, 0.5 to 5.0% of a group-IA metal and 0.3 to 10.0% of halogen, wherein the aluminum oxide carrier has a pore volume of pores with a diameter of 2 to 10 nanometers accounting for 4 to 15% of a total pore volume, a pore volume of pores with a diameter of 10 to 20 nanometers accounting for 40 to 60% of the total pore volume, a pore volume of pores with a diameter of 20 to 50 nanometers accounting for 1.0 to 5.0% of the total pore volume, and a pore volume of pores with a diameter of more than 50 nanometers and less than 10 microns accounting for 20 to 50% of the total pore volume; and the second metal component is selected from the group consisting of tin, germanium, lead, indium, gallium or thallium. The catalyst is applied to preparation of propylene from propane by dehydrogenation and has high activity and selectivity and low coke deposition rate.

A method of readily producing a gradient optical element having infrared absorbing ability by easily forming a refractive index distribution in a desired portion of a glass substrate having infrared absorbing ability without requiring a specific treatment atmosphere nor using a molten salt.

More specifically, the present invention provides a method for producing a gradient-index optical element having infrared absorbing ability, the method comprising applying a paste containing an organic resin, an organic solvent, and at least one compound selected from the group consisting of lithium compounds, potassium compounds, rubidium compounds, cesium compounds, silver compounds, copper compounds, and thallium compounds onto a glass substrate containing an alkali metal component, at least one member selected from the group consisting of iron, copper, cobalt and vanadium, and over 3 wt. % of iron, when contained singly among iron, copper, cobalt and vanadium, on an Fe₂O₃ basis, taking the total weight of the glass as 100 wt. %, and heating the glass substrate at a temperature below the softening temperature of the glass substrate.

A limited portion of a surface of a glass substrate is removed by application of a laser beam on the limited portion of the glass substrate to thereby produce a glass structure according to the invention. The glass substrate contains at least one element such as titanium, iron, vanadium, bismuth, lead, thallium, tin, cerium, rhodium or cobalt capable of absorbing energy of the laser beam and has a threshold of not larger than 1.0 J/cm² per laser beam pulse in terms of machining energy of the laser beam. When such a glass substrate 21 is used, a glass structure having a through-hole 61 or cavity optional in sectional shape can be formed by irradiation with the laser beam 10.

An organic light emitting diode display including: a substrate; an organic light emitting diode on the substrate; a capping layer on the organic light emitting diode and including a high refractive layer including an inorganic material having a refractive index that is equal to or greater than about 1.7 and equal to or less than about 6.0; and a thin film encapsulation layer covering the capping layer and the organic light emitting diode, the inorganic material including at least one selected from the group consisting of CuI, thallium iodide (TlI), BaS, Cu₂O, CuO, BiI, WO₃, TiO₂, AgI, CdI₂, HgI₂, SnI₂, PbI₂, BiI₃, ZnI₂, MoO₃, Ag₂O, CdO, CoO, Pr₂O₃, SnS, PbS, CdS, CaS, ZnS, ZnTe, PbTe, CdTe, SnSe, PbSe, CdSe, AlAs, GaAs, InAs, GaP, InP, AlP, AlSb, GaSb, and InSb.

The invention discloses a water treatment method for removing Tl<+> and/or Cd2<+> by producing nanometer iron and manganese oxides in situ, relating to a water treatment method of thallium and/or cadmium-containing source water and solving the problems of complex process, high running cost and low removing efficiency of thallium and/or cadmium existing in the conventional water treatment technology specific to thallium and/or cadmium-polluted source water. The method comprises the following steps of: adding permanganate and ferrous salt into Tl<+> and/or Cd2<+>-containing water; stirring to obtain a mixed solution; adding a coagulant; and performing conventional water treatment. A nanometer ferric hydroxide-manganese dioxide oxide composite adsorbent which has a large specific surface area and high electronegativity and is easy for precipitation separation is produced in situ by making permanganate react with the ferrous salt, so that Tl<+> and/or Cd2<+> can be removed effectively andspecifications in the national Sanitary Standard for Drinking Water are met. The method has the advantages of high removing efficiency, simple process, flexibility and convenience for operation, no change of the original treatment process of a water plant, low running cost and the like, and can be applied to emergency treatment of a water pollution event.

A heteropolyacid catalyst for oxidation of isobutyraldehyde, methacrolein or mixtures or combinations thereof to methacrylic acid is disclosed where the heteropolyacid catalyst includes at least molybdenum (Mo), phosphorus (P), vanadium (V), and a first component including bismuth (Bi) and/or boron (B). The heteropolyacid catalyst can also optionally include a second component including potassium (K), rubidium (Rb), cesium (Cs), and/or thallium (Tl) and optionally a third component including antimony (Sb), cerium (Ce), niobium (Nb), indium (In), iron (Fe), chromium (Cr), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), manganese (Mn), arsenic (As), silver (Ag), zinc (Zn), germanium (Ge), gallium (Ga), zirconium (Zr), magnesium (Mg), barium (Ba), lead (Pb), tin (Sn), titanium (Ti), aluminum (Al), silicon (Si), tantalum (Ta), tungsten (W), and/or lanthanum (La). The heteropolyacid catalyst can also include an ammonium-containing compound designed to increase a value of medium pores in the final heteropolyacid catalyst. A method for oxidizing isobutanal to methacrylic acid using the heteropolyacid catalyst is also disclosed.

The invention provides a method for simultaneous removal of cadmium and thallium in raw water. The method comprises the following steps: step A, adding sodium hydroxide into raw water, adjusting a pH value to alkalescence and then adding potassium permanganate with a concentration of 0.3 to 0.8 mg/L; step B, adding sodium hypochlorite or liquid chlorine, wherein the concentration of added sodium hypochlorite or liquid chlorine is 0.5 to 2.5 mg/L in term of effective chlorine; step C, adding limewash into raw water having undergone a full oxidation reaction and adjusting a pH value to 8.5 to 9.0; step D, adding a flocculating agent, carrying out a flocculation reaction for 10 to 20 min and then carrying out deposition for at least 0.5 h so as to remove cadmium, thallium and colloids of manganese hydroxide and iron hydroxide through coprecipitation, wherein the pH value of water after precipitation drops to 7.0 to 8.5; and step E, filtering raw water obtained after precipitation by using quartz sand. The invention has the following beneficial effects: cadmium concentration of treated water is as small as the limit of a detection method, i.e., 0.02 mu g/L, or less than 0.02 mu g/L; thallium concentration of treated water is as small as the limit of a detection method, i.e., 0.01 mu g/L, or less than 0.01 mu g/L; and the pH value, manganese ions and iron ions of the treated water all meet requirements prescribed in drinking water quality standards.

An A-rated, aluminum alloy suitable for machining, said alloy consisting essentially of: about 4-5.75 wt. % copper, about 0.2-0.9 wt. % bismuth, about 0.12-1.0 wt. % tin, the ratio of bismuth to tin ranging from about 0.8:1 to 5:1, up to about 0.7 wt. % iron, up to about 0.4 wt. % silicon, up to about 0.3 wt. % zinc, the balance aluminum, incidental elements and impurities. On a preferred basis, this alloy contains about 4.4-5.0 wt. % copper, about 0.4-0.75 wt. % bismuth, about 0.2-0.5 wt. % tin, the ratio of bismuth to tin ranging from about 1:1 to 3:1, about 0.2 wt. % or less iron and about 0.2 wt. % or less silicon. The alloy is substantially lead-free, cadmium-free and thallium-free. There is further disclosed an improved method for making screw machine stock or wire, rod and bar product from this alloy by casting, preheating, extruding, solution heat treating, cold finishing and aging the same.

The present invention provides for a composition comprising a crystal composition or inorganic scintillator comprising a thallium doped sodium iodide, cesium iodide, or lithium iodide scintillator useful for detecting nuclear material.

The invention discloses a method adopting a combined technology of pre-oxidation and coagulating sedimentation to process wastewater containing thallium and ammonia-nitrogen. According to the method, a sodium hypochlorite oxidizing agent is added into a wastewater collecting tank so as to oxidize metal ions in wastewater, the monovalent thallium is fully oxidized into trivalent thallium, monovalent thallium is converted into complex under the effect of strong oxidant, and at the same time, the nitrogen in ammonia-nitrogen is degraded and removed in the form of nitrogen gas. After pre-oxidation, the wastewater is lifted to an integral processing facility through a self-sucking pump; ferrous sulfate and poly aluminum chloride (PAC) are added to form alumen ustum flocculus in a precipitation unit, the precipitate is wrapped, the thallium complex is adsorbed, then quicklime is added to adjust the solution to an alkaline environment; in the alkaline environment, Fe<3+>, Al<3+>, and prepolymer products thereof carry out hydrolysis quickly to form Fe(OH)3 flocculus and Al(OH)3 flocculus; before the flocculus becomes big, the adsorption sites on the surface of flocculus form covalent bonds with Ti<3+>, the flocculus becomes bigger and bigger very quickly and goes on absorbing Ti<3+> in water; at the same time, Ti<3+>, Fe<3+>, Al<3+>, Zn<2+>, lead, and cadmium carry out co-precipitation reactions, and thus the heavy metal ions in water are removed.

The invention belongs to a thallium-containing heavy metal wastewater advanced treatment method. The method comprises the following steps: (1) pretreating thallium-containing heavy metal wastewater: adjusting the pH value of wastewater to 9.5-11.5 with alkaline, and adding a chemical thallium removing agent according to the mass ratio of the chemical thallium removing agent to thallium of (0.5-1.5):1; (2) medicating according to the mass ratio of the chemical thallium removing agent to wastewater after the reaction in step (1) for 15-30 minutes, and carrying out mixed reaction for 15-30 minutes; (3) adding liquid alkaline into the solution obtained from the step (2), adjusting the pH value to 11.0-11.5, reacting for 10-20 minutes, adding 5-50g/m<3> of flocculating agents, reacting for 10-20 minutes, carrying out solid-liquid separation by oblique plate deposition or plate frame press filtration, standing for 1-2 hours, and discharging or recycling supernate. The thallium contained heavy metal wastewater treatment method is simple in process, has no secondary pollution, is high in treatment efficiency, runs stably and low in cost, and has very high practicability.