33 results about "Tetravalence" patented technology

The invention relates to a composite diaphragm with high ionic conductivity, a composite solid electrolyte and a preparation method thereof. The composite diaphragm is composed of a lithium lanthanum-based fluorine-doped solid electrolyte LLMOF and a base membrane, the chemical general formula of the LLMOF is Li < x > La < y > M < 1 > < z > M < 2 > < w > M < 3 > O < 6 > F, wherein M1 is a tetravalent cation, M2 is a pentavalent cation, and M3 is a hexavalent cation; 1 < x + 3y < 5, 0 < x < = 2, and 1 / 3 < y < 5 / 3; 0 < = z < = 2, 0 < = w < = 2, 0 < = u < = 2, z + w + u = 2; the base membrane is a large-aperture base membrane, and the aperture r is more than or equal to 200nm and less than or equal to 1mu m; the particle size D50 of the LLMOF is 50 nm to 1 [mu] m, and the particle size D50 of the LLMOF is less than or equal to the aperture r of the base film. According to the composite diaphragm disclosed by the invention, the LLMOF solid electrolyte with an ion channel function is introduced, so that efficient conduction of ions is realized; the particle size is matched with that of a large-aperture base membrane, the membrane can be uniformly embedded into membrane holes, a continuous conduction path is constructed, and the ionic conductivity is improved; meanwhile, the composite diaphragm has excellent thermal stability and interface wettability, interface impedance is effectively reduced, and growth of lithium dendrites is inhibited.

This invention discloses a method for precipitation separation and ceramic solidification of divalent strontium and tetravalent uranium in radioactive waste liquid, relating to the field of radioactive waste liquid treatment and disposal. U in high-level radioactive waste liquid is in the form of hexavalent uranyl (UO2). 2+ U exists in the form of hydrogenation catalytic reduction, and the present invention uses hydrogenation catalytic reduction to prepare U. 4+ Sr 2+ and U 4+ ionic radius and Ln 3+ Due to the significant differences, CePO4·0.667H2O cerium phosphate, which has a stronger nuclide-containing capacity, was selected as the co-precipitation enrichment agent for Sr. 2+ and U 4+ Separation precipitant. Inexpensive raw materials such as UO2(NO3)2·6H2O, Sr(C2H3O2)2, NH4H2PO4, and Ce(NO3)3·6H2O are selected. By controlling the Sr... 2+ :U 4+ Ion ratio, reaction time, temperature, pH, and preparation of well-developed Sr crystals 2+ / U 4+ The precipitate of cerium phosphate solid solution with high solid content is avoided by using spark plasma solid-state sintering technology to prevent grain agglomeration and adhesion during high-temperature dehydration and crystal transformation of cerium phosphate. Furthermore, pressure sintering can promote further growth of nanocrystals and promote U... 4+ and Sr 2+ Homogenization within the monazite ceramic solidified body enables a one-step preparation of monazite ceramic solidified body from a lanthanite solid solution.

The invention provides a positive electrode active material and a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the field of batteries. The positive electrode active material provided by the invention comprises layered double hydroxides, and the chemical formula of the layered double hydroxides is [M < 12 + x > M < 23 + y > M < 34 + z > (OH) 2 (x + y + z)] (A < n->) (y + 2z) / n.mH2O, m < 12 + > is a divalent metal cation, M < 23 + > is a trivalent metal cation, and M < 34 + > is a tetravalent metal cation; x is 1-4, y is 0-4, z is 0-4, and (y + z) is 1-4; m = 1-2, and n = 1-3; the interlayer spacing of the layered double hydroxide is equal to that of the positive electrode active material, the material structure stability in the oxidation-reduction reaction process can be maintained, the proper interlayer spacing is beneficial to reversible storage migration and intercalation / deintercalation of carbonate ions, and the electrochemical oxidation-reduction reaction and directional storage and conversion of charges are achieved.

The invention provides a high-entropy alloy pole piece and a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of lithium ion batteries. The high-entropy alloy pole piece comprises a bottom lining and a high-entropy alloy deposited on the bottom lining, the chemical general formula of the high-entropy alloy is Ni20MaNbXcYdZe, the high-entropy alloy comprises rare earth metal or / and scattered metal, a, b, c, d and e respectively represent atomic percentages of corresponding metal elements, a is larger than or equal to 5 and smaller than or equal to 35, c is larger than or equal to 5 and smaller than or equal to 35, and e is larger than or equal to 5 and smaller than or equal to 35. 10 < = b < = 40; 6 < = c < = 35; 0.1 < = d < = 10; 0 < = e < = 10; a + b + c + d + e = 80; m is a monovalent metal, N is a divalent metal, X is a trivalent La series metal, Y is a tetravalent metal, and Z is a pentavalent metal. The structural stability and the mechanical performance of the prepared high-entropy alloy pole piece are improved, the lithium nucleation overpotential can be effectively reduced through regulation and control over the multivalent rare earth and the scattered metal, lithium ions are promoted to be evenly deposited on the surface of a negative electrode, and then growth and volume expansion of lithium dendrites are inhibited. The prepared high-entropy alloy negative electrode can be used for prolonging the cycle life and improving the rate capability of a lithium metal battery.

The invention relates to the technical field of nuclear material analysis, in particular to a plutonium solution specific activity determination method and application, and the plutonium solution specific activity determination method comprises the following steps: taking a plutonium solution with known specific activity A1 as a standard solution, determining the liquid flash counting rate of the standard solution, and recording the liquid flash counting rate as C1; obtaining a second-order conductance spectrum of the standard solution by using an ultraviolet-visible absorption spectrum method, determining the peak area of a characteristic absorption peak of tetravalent plutonium in the second-order conductance spectrum of the standard solution, and recording the peak area as S1; measuring the liquid flash counting rate of the to-be-measured solution, and recording the liquid flash counting rate as C2; obtaining a second-order conductance spectrum of the to-be-detected solution by using an ultraviolet-visible absorption spectrometry, determining the peak area of a characteristic absorption peak of tetravalent plutonium in the second-order conductance spectrum of the to-be-detected solution, and recording the peak area as S2; and calculating the specific activity A2 of the solution to be detected according to the following formula. According to the method, liquid scintillation counting and ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry are combined, so that combination of activity response and concentration response is realized, and acquisition of isotope composition of a plutonium solution to be detected and complex sample pretreatment are not needed.

A niobium-containing oxide powder according to the present invention satisfies formula (I).　(I) AaTi(2-p-q-r)(MV (0.5+v)MIII (0.5-v))p(MV (0.67+w)MII (0.33-w))qMIV rNb(14-s)M1 sO(39±t) (In the formula, A is at least one element selected from the group that consists of Li and Na, M1 is selected from the group that consists of MV, (MIV (0.5+w)MVI (0.5-w)), (MVI (0.67+w)MIII (0.33-w)), and (MVI (0.75+w)MII (0.25-w)), each MII is independently at least one divalent metal element, each MIII is independently at least one trivalent metal element, each MIV is independently at least one tetravalent metal element, each MV is independently at least one pentavalent metal element, each MVI is independently at least one hexavalent metal element, 0≤a≤6, -0.05≤v≤0.05, -0.05≤w≤0.05, 0≤p<2, 0≤q<2, 0≤r<2, 0<p+q+r<2, 0≤s<14, and 0≤t≤1, provided that at least two of p, q, and r are not 0.)

The invention discloses a high-purity vanadium oxide compound for vanadium electrolyte and a preparation method thereof, and the preparation method of the high-purity vanadium oxide compound comprises the following steps: (1) mixing a pentavalent vanadium solution with a first reducing agent to obtain a tetravalent vanadium solution; (2) the tetravalent vanadium solution is subjected to extraction and reverse extraction treatment, and tetravalent vanadium reverse extraction liquid is obtained; (3) neutralizing the tetravalent vanadium reextraction liquid with ammonia water, and separating out tetravalent vanadium hydrate; (4) mixing the tetravalent vanadium hydrate with a second reducing agent and reacting; the second reducing agent is selected from at least one of hydrogen, methane, coal gas and carbon powder. According to the method, the high-purity vanadium oxide composed of V (III) and V (IV) can be rapidly and accurately prepared, the requirement for equipment is not high, and operation is easy.

The invention discloses a method for recovering Se and TeO2 from tellurium-containing crude selenium refining slag, which comprises the following steps of: crushing the tellurium-containing crude selenium refining slag, performing temperature-controlled roasting, decomposing nitrate, and oxidizing tellurium into a high valence state; the roasting slag and a reducing agent are mixed and heated under the vacuum condition, so that the selenium compound is reduced into elemental Se and volatilized, and meanwhile high-valence tellurium is reduced into tetravalent tellurium salt residues; crushing the reduced product, performing water-soluble leaching, and filtering to obtain a solution containing selenite and tellurite and TeO2 precipitate; adding acid into the leaching filtrate to hydrolyze the tellurite salt into TeO2 precipitate, and filtering and separating to obtain TeO2 and selenium-containing filtrate; finally, acid and a reducing agent are added into the selenium-containing filtrate, and selenite is reduced into elemental Se precipitate. The method realizes efficient separation and recovery of selenium and tellurium, is reasonable in process flow and high in recovery rate, and has a good application prospect.

This invention provides an O3-phase layered oxide material, its preparation method, and its application. The preparation method includes: providing a mixed slurry containing a sodium source, a nickel source, an iron source, a manganese source, a tin source, an M source, and a first metal oxide; centrifugally spray-drying this slurry to obtain a precursor powder; mixing the precursor powder with a second metal oxide; and solid-state sintering in an oxygen-containing atmosphere to obtain the O3-phase layered oxide material. The first metal oxide includes copper oxide and / or magnesium oxide; the second metal oxide contains a high-valence, strongly bonded cation with a valence greater than or equal to tetravalent, and the bond energy formed with the cation by the cation is above 600 kJ / mol; the M source is one or more combinations of zinc, aluminum, titanium, and antimony. This O3-phase layered oxide material, based on the synergistic effect of oxide doping with high-valence, strongly bonded cations and the high-entropy effect, can improve the discharge plateau, rate performance, and long-cycle stability of sodium-ion batteries.

The application belongs to the technical field of inorganic functional material preparation, and particularly relates to pure-phase vanadium dioxide powder and a preparation method and application thereof. The application makes the precursor system simultaneously contain pentavalent vanadium species and tetravalent vanadium species through partial reduction treatment, so that the average valence of vanadium gradually approaches the target valence of vanadium in VO2, and meanwhile, reaction space for further reduction, hydrolysis, condensation and crystal growth in a subsequent hydrothermal process is reserved. The partial reduction mode can avoid excessive complexation, rapid nucleation and organic residue caused by excessive citric acid, relieve the reduction and hydrolysis process, and reduce the risk of local excessive reduction and out-of-control oxygen content in a subsequent vacuum annealing process. The obtained VO2(M) powder has obvious heat-induced phase change endothermic and exothermic peaks and high phase change enthalpy, indicating that the crystal phase purity is high and the phase change process is sufficient, and the powder is suitable for the fields of thermochromic, infrared regulation, intelligent window and infrared camouflage.

The present application discloses a red phosphor, and a preparation method and an application thereof and relates to the field of luminescent material technology. The chemical composition of the red phosphor is A2M(1-x)F6:xMn4+. The A is selected from at least one of alkali metal elements, and the M is selected from at least one of IVA group elements or a Ti element and a value range of the x is 0<x≤0.05. The red phosphor is granular; and a concentration of tetravalent manganese ions in a radial direction from a center of a particle of the red phosphor to a surface of the particle of the red phosphor decreases gradually. In the present application, the concentration of the activator Mn4+ in a radial direction from the center of the particle of the red phosphor to its surface is set to a descending gradient distribution to buffer the phosphor powder from the erosion of water vapor, thereby improving its anti-aging performance and prolonging the service life.

The invention provides a light-emitting material and a preparation method thereof, a wavelength conversion element and a light-emitting device, and belongs to the technical field of light-emitting materials. The luminescent material comprises an inorganic substance, and the element composition of the inorganic substance at least comprises a basic element composition or a basic element composition and a selective element composition; the basic elements at least comprise Ba, an element A, an element D, N, O and an element RE; the selected element composition at least comprises an element E; a comprises at least one of an element M and a Zn element, and M comprises at least one of alkaline earth metal elements; d comprises at least one of tetravalent metal elements; rE comprises at least one of Mn, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er and Tm; e comprises at least one of S, C, Cl, F and Br; the inorganic substance has a crystal structure, belongs to an orthogonal structure, and is crystallized in a space group Pcca. The luminescent material provided by the invention has excellent long-term aging resistance.

Disclosed herein is a process for preparing a zeolite material having an AFX framework structure including X2O3 and YO2 via interzeolite conversion, the process including (1) providing a mixture including a first zeolite material having a non-FAU framework structure including X2O3 and YO2 and an organic structure directing agent selected from the group consisting of diquaternary ammonium cation containing compounds, and (2) heating the mixture from (1) to form a second zeolite material having an AFX framework structure including X2O3 and YO2, wherein X is a trivalent element and Y is a tetravalent element, and where the organic structure directing agent is not 1,4-bis(1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane)butyl dihydroxide when the first material zeolite has a CHA framework structure. Further disclosed herein is the zeolite material having an AFX framework structure as obtainable or obtained from the process, and a method of using the same as a catalytically active material.

This ferromagnetic ferroelectric material has ferroelectricity and ferromagnetism, and contains a compound represented by any one of general formulae (1) to (3). Bi1-xA2+ xFe1-xM4+ xO3 ... (1) (In the formula, A is Mg, Ca, or Sr, and M is a 4d element or a 5d element that can form a tetravalent ion. x satisfies 0.02 ≤ x ≤ 0.15.) Bi1-xA+ xFe1-xM5+ xO3 ... (2) (In the formula, A is Na or K, and M is a 4d element or a 5d element that can form a pentavalent ion. x satisfies 0.02 ≤ x ≤ 0.15.) Bi1-2xA2+ 2xFe1-xM5+ xO3 ... (3) (In the formula, A is Mg, Ca, or Sr, and M is a 4d element or a 5d element that can form a pentavalent ion. x satisfies 0.02 ≤ x ≤ 0.15.)

This invention relates to the field of luminescent materials technology, and more specifically, to molybdenum-doped fully inorganic hole-ordered double perovskites, their preparation methods, and applications. The first aspect of this invention provides three types of molybdenum-doped fully inorganic hole-ordered double perovskites: tetravalent molybdenum-doped, pentavalent molybdenum-doped, and co-doped with tetravalent and pentavalent molybdenum, with the chemical formulas Cs₂Sn₂, respectively. 1‑x Cl6:xMo 4+ Cs2Sn 1‑y (O y Cl 6‑y ):yMo 5+ and Cs2Sn 1‑a‑b (O b Cl 6‑b ):aMo 4+ ,bMo 5+ The second aspect of this invention provides methods for preparing three types of molybdenum-doped fully inorganic hole-ordered double perovskites: tetravalent molybdenum-doped, pentavalent molybdenum-doped, and co-doped with tetravalent and pentavalent molybdenum. The third aspect provides applications of these three types of molybdenum-doped fully inorganic hole-ordered double perovskites in product testing, anti-counterfeiting, safety monitoring, non-destructive analysis, light-emitting LEDs, solar cells, temperature detectors, multispectral imaging, ultra-wideband light sources, or broadband photodetectors. The fourth aspect provides an optoelectronic device in which the luminescent material is this molybdenum-doped fully inorganic hole-ordered double perovskite.

The invention provides an Hf and Ce co-doped yttrium lutetium silicate scintillation crystal as well as a preparation method and application thereof, and relates to the technical field of scintillation crystal material preparation. The chemical formula of the yttrium lutetium silicate scintillation crystal is (Hf < x > Ce < y > Y < z > Lu < 1-x-y-z >) < 2 > SiO < 5 >, x is less than or equal to 0.1, 0lt; y is less than or equal to 0.05, 0lt; z is less than or equal to 0.2, and is prepared by co-doping tetravalent Hf ions (Hf < 4 + >) in the lutetium yttrium silicate Ce-doped crystal, the introduction of Hf < 4 + > competes with oxygen vacancies and shallow electron traps in the crystal to capture electrons, and the concentration of the electron traps is effectively reduced, so that the fluorescence and flicker decay time of the crystal is effectively shortened, and the response speed of the crystal to radiation is improved.

The invention belongs to the field of water electrolysis, and particularly relates to an amorphous / crystal RuO2 / WOx-SO4 < 2-> composite material, a PEM water electrolysis device, preparation of the PEM water electrolysis device and application of the PEM water electrolysis device in water electrolysis hydrogen production, and the amorphous / crystal RuO2 / WOx-SO4 < 2-> composite material comprises multivalent WOx and amorphous / crystal RuO2; and modifying SO4 < 2-> anchored on the amorphous / crystal RuO2; the multivalent WOx is an oxide of positive tetravalent tungsten, positive pentavalent tungsten and positive hexavalent tungsten; the amorphous / crystal RuO2 comprises a rutile-phase RuO2 core and amorphous RuO2 coated on the surface of the RuO2 core. The invention innovatively provides a material with a special physicochemical structure, and the material can accidentally adapt to the acidic OER catalysis requirement based on the combined control of components and the physicochemical structure, can obtain excellent catalytic activity and stability, and optimizes the utilization rate of noble metal Ru.

A scintillation compound can include a rare earth silicate. The rare-earth silicate may be lutetium yttrium orthosilicate. The rare-earth silicate may be doped with Ce. The rare-earth silicate doped with Ce may include a rare-earth element in a tetravalent state at a concentration of at least approximately 10 ppm atomic of the scintillation compound.

The invention discloses a TiO2-doped ZnO wave-absorbing material and a preparation method thereof, and relates to the technical field of wave-absorbing materials. The chemical formula of the wave-absorbing material is Zn1-xTixO1-delta, x is greater than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 0.2, and delta represents oxygen deficiency caused by Ti < 4 + > substitution; the doping mass ratio of TiO2 in the wave-absorbing material is 0 to 20 percent. The preparation method comprises the following steps: (1) preparing materials; (2) primary ball milling; (3); drying for the first time; (4) presintering; (5) crushing; (6) performing ball milling for the second time; (7) drying for the second time; (8) granulating and forming; (9) discharging glue; and (10) sintering. The dielectric loss of ZnO is improved through tetravalent Ti ion doping and introduction of an additional interface and dipole polarization, the wave-absorbing material with excellent wave-absorbing performance is obtained, and meanwhile the preparation method is simple, low in cost and suitable for mass production.

The invention belongs to the field of materials, and relates to an amorphous high-entropy fluoride positive electrode material and a preparation method and application thereof. The chemical formula of the amorphous high-entropy fluoride positive electrode material is AxMyM'zF2x + 3y + 4z, A is a divalent metal elements with different compositions, M is b trivalent metal elements with different compositions, and M'is c tetravalent metal elements with different compositions; 0 < = a < = 5, 0 < = b < = 5, 0 < = c < = 5, a + b + c = N and N > = 5; the subscript x corresponding to each A is 1 / 2N < = x < = (N + 1) / 2N, the subscript y corresponding to each M is 1 / 2N < = y < = (N + 1) / 2N, the subscript z corresponding to each M'is 1 / 2N < = z < = (N + 1) / 2N, and the sum of the total subscripts of A, M and M 'is 1.

The embodiment of the invention discloses a method for preparing metal zirconium from zirconium-hafnium alloy through valence state regulation and control. Comprising the following steps: adding tetravalent hafnium salt into a zirconium-hafnium alloy raw material as a valence regulator to obtain a reaction raw material; adding chloride eutectic salt into the reaction raw materials as a reaction medium; under set conditions, metal hafnium in the zirconium-hafnium alloy reacts with tetravalent hafnium salt to generate divalent hafnium ions; putting a reaction product system into a high-temperature-resistant metal crucible, and carrying out electrolysis under set conditions by taking a zirconium rod as an anode, a high-purity zirconium rod as a cathode and chloride eutectic salt in the reaction product system as electrolyte; in the electrolysis process, the metal zirconium of the anode is oxidized into zirconium ions to enter the electrolyte, the zirconium ions in the electrolyte migrate to the cathode to be separated out and precipitated into nuclear-grade metal zirconium with the purity being 99.95% or above, and metal hafnium is left in the electrolyte in the form of ions.

The invention relates to the technical field of spent fuel post-treatment analysis, and provides a method for determining tetravalent neptunium in an organic phase, which comprises the following steps: preparing organic phase standard solutions of tetravalent neptunium with a series of concentrations, and determining the absorption spectrum of the standard solutions; performing second derivative treatment on the absorption spectrum of the standard solution to obtain a second-order guide spectrum of the standard solution; establishing a quantitative correction relation between the peak area of a characteristic absorption peak and the concentration of the tetravalent neptunium according to the second-order guide spectrum of the standard solution; measuring the absorption spectrum of the organic phase solution to be measured; performing second derivative treatment on the absorption spectrum of the to-be-detected solution to obtain a second-order guide spectrum of the to-be-detected solution; and substituting the peak area of the second-order guide spectrum of the to-be-detected solution at the characteristic absorption peak into the quantitative correction relation, and calculating to obtain the concentration of the tetravalent neptunium in the to-be-detected solution. According to the method, the concentration of the tetravalent neptunium in an organic phase system with relatively high acidity (3.0-8.0 mol / L) can be directly measured.

The present invention is a material for forming an organic film, containing: (A) a compound for forming an organic film shown by the following general formula (1A); and (B) an organic solvent, where W1 represents a tetravalent or hexavalent organic group, n1 represents an integer of 1 or 2, n2 represents 2 or 3, each R1 independently represents any in the following formula (1B), and a hydrogen atom of a benzene ring in the formula (1A) is optionally substituted with a fluorine atom. This provides: a compound having a dioxin structure, which is cured even under film formation conditions in inert gas, and which is capable of forming an organic underlayer film having not only excellent heat resistance and properties of filling and planarizing a pattern formed on a substrate, but also favorable film formability and adhesiveness to a substrate; and an organic film material containing the compound.

The application discloses a nuclear waste containment material and a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of nuclear waste treatment. 3+ Lu4Hf3O 12 is subjected to A-site doping or Z 4+ Lu4Hf3O 12 is subjected to B-site doping, site-specific doping of trivalent or tetravalent nuclides is realized, A-site Z 3+ solid solubility is up to 25mol%, B-site Z 4+ solid solubility is up to 40mol%, compared with a nuclide containment capacity of a traditional pyrochlore-based material, the nuclear waste containment material is significantly improved, the relative density of the nuclear waste containment material is greater than or equal to 95%, and the grain size can reach 1-5 microns; the anti-leaching performance of the nuclear waste containment material prepared by the application is excellent, and the leaching rate is 2-4 orders of magnitude lower than that of conventional solidification materials; the nuclear waste containment material prepared by the application has better long-term chemical stability, and the mass loss rate of a high-doping sample is 21% lower than that of a low-doping sample after long-term leaching.

The invention relates to the technical field of luminescent materials, and discloses a tetravalent manganese ion doped sulfur-containing water-resistant organic-inorganic hybrid red-light-emitting material as well as a preparation method and application thereof, and the chemical composition is shown as A2MF6: xMn < 4 + >, wherein A is an organic cation of trimethyl sulfoxide and / or trimethyl; m is any one or a combination of more of metal ions Si < 4 + >, Ge < 4 + >, Sn < 4 + >, Ti < 4 + >, Zr < 4 + >, Hf < 4 + >, Os < 4 + >, Re < 4 + > and Ir < 4 + >; x is a mole percentage coefficient of doped ions Mn < 4 + > relative to M metal ion substitution, 0 lt; x is less than or equal to 100%. The material is prepared by adopting an anti-solvent coprecipitation method, and the material has the advantages of high quantum yield, short fluorescence lifetime, more excellent water resistance, very high weather resistance and stability, and extremely high application value in the field of high-end illumination display.

The application belongs to the field of water electrolysis, and particularly relates to amorphous / crystal RuO2 / WO x -SO4 2‑ The application relates to a composite material, a PEM water electrolysis device, preparation of the device and application of the device in hydrogen production by water electrolysis, wherein the amorphous / crystal RuO2 / WO x -SO4 2‑ The composite material comprises multivalent WO x and amorphous / crystal RuO2; and SO4 2‑ modified and anchored on the amorphous / crystal RuO2; the multivalent WO x is an oxide of tungsten with positive tetravalence, positive pentavalence and positive hexavalence; and the amorphous / crystal RuO2 comprises a core of rutile-phase RuO2 and amorphous RuO2 coated on the surface of the core. The application provides a material with a special physicochemical structure, which can unexpectedly meet the requirements of acidic OER catalysis based on the joint control of composition and physicochemical structure, and can obtain excellent catalytic activity and stability and optimize the utilization rate of noble metal Ru.

The present disclosure provides a sodium-ion positive electrode material, a preparation method and application thereof, the sodium-ion positive electrode material comprises O3 type layered oxide and O'3 type layered oxide, the chemical formula of the sodium-ion positive electrode material is O3-Na x Ni y Fe z Mn t M h Q n O2&O'3-Na a Ni b Fe c Mn e M f Q g O2, M is a +2 valence metal element, Q is a +4 valence metal element, the present disclosure reduces the interface side reaction through the surface doping of the positive divalent metal element, inhibits the manganese dissolution of the O3-O'3 phase in the cycle process through the bulk doping of the positive four-valence metal element, inhibits the manganese dissolution of O'3 after the O3-O'3 phase conversion of the material, thereby improving the cycle performance of the material.

The application discloses a method for adjusting the valence state of vanadium ions in a solution, which comprises the following steps: (1) adding a hydroxylamine compound into a vanadium-containing solution and reacting; (2) adding an acid into the solution obtained in the step (1) and reacting to obtain a tetravalent vanadium ion solution. The method of the application uses a hydroxylamine compound as an adjusting agent, adjusts the pH value of the solution by adding an acid, and unifies the solution containing vanadium ions with any valence state into a tetravalent vanadium solution. The method can be applied to a solution containing vanadium ions with any valence state, especially a vanadium-containing solution with unknown valence state composition or a solution possibly containing vanadium ions with different valence states. The method does not need to detect and quantitatively analyze the valence state and valence state composition of vanadium ions in the solution in advance, and unifies the vanadium ions with any valence state in the solution into tetravalent vanadium ions. The existing form of vanadium ions in the final solution is only tetravalent.

A phosphor (1) is given with the general formula EA6+w-xSE16-w+xD42-x-yEx+yN76-w-yOw+y: R, where EA is an element or combination of elements selected from the group of divalent elements, SE is an element or combination of elements selected from the group of rare earth elements, D is an element or combination of elements selected from the group of tetravalent elements, E is an element or combination of elements selected from the group of trivalent elements, R comprises an activator element, -6 ≤ wx ≤ 16, 0 ≤ x+y ≤ 42, 0 ≤ w+y ≤ 76, and 2*(6+wx)+3*(16-w+x)+4*(42-xy)+3*(x+y)-3*(76-wy)-2*(w+y) = 0. A method for producing a phosphor (1) and a radiation-emitting component (10) is further described.