1078 results about "Concentration ratio" patented technology

A method of providing an apparatus and system comprising a complete smart solar electrical power generator system integrated into the form of a thin flat glass plate. The novel elements include: a micro-scale optical array, a new type of miniaturized photovoltaic cell, an inside-the-lens concentrator design, integral heat sinking and mechanical support, a sealed solid-state design with no air gaps and a new process for building it, combined reflective / refractive light concentration around the photovoltaic cell, variable solar concentration ratios, and a new integrated structure for interconnecting the system together.

An apparatus for determining concentrations of hemoglobins includes a light source for emitting lights of at least three different wavelengths, a first wavelength in a near-infrared region, a second wavelength in a red region, and a third wavelength in a red orange region, light receiving device for receiving light emitted by the light source, transmitted through a living tissue or reflected by the living tissue, attenuation ratio processing device for processing attenuation ratios between the wavelengths in accordance with variations of received-light output signals in each of the wavelengths output from the light receiving device, the variations are caused by a pulsation of blood and concentration ratio processing device for processing concentration ratios of at least oxyhemoglobin and methemoglobin based on the output signals from the attenuation ratio processing device.

An apparatus for determining concentrations of hemoglobins includes a light source for emitting lights of at least three different wavelengths, a first wavelength in a near-infrared region, a second wavelength in a red region, and a third wavelength in a red orange region, light receiving device for receiving light emitted by the light source, transmitted through a living tissue or reflected by the living tissue, attenuation ratio processing device for processing attenuation ratios between the wavelengths in accordance with variations of received-light output signals in each of the wavelengths output from the light receiving device, the variations are caused by a pulsation of blood and concentration ratio processing device for processing concentration ratios of at least oxyhemoglobin and methemoglobin based on the output signals from the attenuation ratio processing device.

An adaptive solar concentrator system comprising a controller, a solar energy collector and a solar concentrator with variable concentration ratio is disclosed. The concentration ratio of the variable solar concentrator is varied to maximize the energy collection potential of the solar energy collector in response to fluctuations in incoming solar irradiation to best match the optimum operating conditions of the solar collector and to not exceed the maximum operating conditions of the solar collector for long term reliability.

A solar concentrator is provided that comprises two stages. The first stage comprises either a trough-shaped concentrator cusp unit having two major opposed sides joined by two ends. The inner surfaces of the first stage concentrator are mirrored. Further, the ends have two flat, angled surfaces, while the two sides have a Bezier-generated cylindrical shape that approximate parabolic surfaces followed by a straight section. The second stage comprises a bi-axial gradient refractive index (GRIN) element, in which two gradient refractive index materials, each having a high index surface and a low index surface, are joined together along their high index surfaces. The two ends of the bi-axial element are flat, while the two sides also have a Bezier-generated cylindrical shape that approximate parabolic surfaces followed by a straight section. The top surface of the bi-axial element is provided with a cylindrical surface, while the bottom, or exit, surface is ground flat. The high index boundary is parallel to the side surfaces of the first stage unit. A solar cell is bonded to the flat exit surface of the second stage of the concentrator of the present invention. An array of such concentrators and solar cells, in which the solar cells are electrically interconnected, may then be deployed for converting solar energy into useful electrical energy. The 2-D / 3-D concentrator evidences much lower mass than prior art concentrators. Further, as the array, or panel, of solar cells wobbles in space, the concentrator will continue to operate, even at lower efficiencies, due to the larger acceptance angle. Concentration ratios on the order of 50x are realized with the present concentrator. However, design studies allow concentration ratios in excess of 300x when used with 3-D versions of the same concept. The second stage can comprise mirrored surfaces. Or, the first stage can comprise a conical section and the second stage a radial GRIN element.

A solar concentrator is provided that comprises two stages. The first stage comprises either a trough-shaped concentrator cusp unit having two major opposed sides joined by two ends. The inner surfaces of the first stage concentrator are mirrored. Further, the ends have two flat, angled surfaces, while the two sides have a Bezier-generated cylindrical shape that approximate parabolic surfaces followed by a straight section. The second stage comprises a bi-axial gradient refractive index (GRIN) element, in which two gradient refractive index materials, each having a high index surface and a low index surface, are joined together along their high index surfaces. The two ends of the bi-axial element are flat, while the two sides also have a Bezier-generated cylindrical shape that approximate parabolic surfaces followed by a straight section. The top surface of the bi-axial element is provided with a cylindrical surface, while the bottom, or exit, surface is ground flat. The high index boundary is parallel to the side surfaces of the first stage unit. A solar cell is bonded to the flat exit surface of the second stage of the concentrator of the present invention. An array of such concentrators and solar cells, in which the solar cells are electrically interconnected, may then be deployed for converting solar energy into useful electrical energy. The 2-D / 3-D concentrator evidences much lower mass than prior art concentrators. Further, as the array, or panel, of solar cells wobbles in space, the concentrator will continue to operate, even at lower efficiencies, due to the larger acceptance angle. Concentration ratios on the order of 50x are realized with the present concentrator. However, design studies allow concentration ratios in excess of 300x when used with 3-D versions of the same concept. The second stage can comprise mirrored surfaces. Or, the first stage can comprise a conical section and the second stage a radial GRIN element.

The invention discloses a test paper reading and analyzing method and system based on a mobile terminal camera, which is used for calculating a concentration value of a to-be-detected substance in a detection sample and analyzing a test result. The method comprises the following steps: collecting, by the mobile terminal camera, a test paper image, analyzing and identifying the edge of a color developing area, and intercepting a required color development area; calculating a color value or a gray value of a test area (T line) and a control area (C line) in the color development area picture, and calculating the concentration ratio of the sample by utilizing the ratio of the color value or the gray value of the test area (T line) and the control area (C line); calibrating the sample concentration ratio in batches, substituting the sample concentration ratio into a standard curve of the test paper of the batch to perform the fitting operation, and calculating the real concentration value of the to-be-detected substance in the sample; looking for a matched detection result according to the real concentration value, and transmitting the detection result to the mobile terminal.

The invention provides a personalized film recommendation system and method based on attribute description, comprising a candidate film data base, a viewing record data base, a user interest preference model calculation module and a film recommendation model. The personalized film recommendation system uses the attribute description to represent the film feature and is hierarchized according to the types and analyses the user interest hot spot of concentration ratios of different hierarchy and tracks the user interest change using the time forget factor and film model linear superposition method, responds the feedback of the user on the film at real time, adjusts the user interest preference model and increases the accuracy and adaptability of recommended film.

A method and apparatus for renewable power generation utilizes the chemical potential dissimilarity between solutions of differing ionic formulations. A train is formed by a sequentially ordered set of a plurality of cells in which each successive cell is related to the preceding cell. Each cell has pumping means and hydro-power generation turbine means to form a closed hydraulic loop configured for specified volumetric and flow capacity. Adjacent cells share semipermeable membranes. Each cell is charged with a brine of specified ionizable inorganic salt quantity and type with the brine being cycled in a controlled concentration-pressure loop, with each of the cells operating at progressively increasing concentration and osmotic pressure ratio. A continuous and constant flow rate of substantially salt-free permeate flux is maintained across each cell, the flux being osmotically induced from low salt concentration water being fed at the first cell in the train and exiting at the last cell along with the discarded high concentration water brine. The salt-free permeate flux is continuously induced, in symbiotic mode, through the shared membranes, driven by the chemical influence of concentration potential field bounded by water of low to no salt concentration on one end of the train and by brine of high salt concentration on the other end of the train with sufficient concentration difference to provide driving force for said plurality of cells, while maintaining adequate concentration difference between adjacent cells to enhance osmosis function, as well as defining a concentration ratio within each cell to ensure a net positive power generation.

Increased utilization of solar power is highly desirable as solar power is a readily available renewable resource with power potential far exceeding total global needs; and as solar power does not contribute to pollutants associated with fossil fuel power, such as unburned hydrocarbons, NOx and carbon dioxide. The present invention provides low-cost inflatable heliostatic solar power collectors, which a range of embodiments suitable for flexible utilization in small, medium, or utility scale applications. The inflatable heliostatic power collectors use a reflective surface or membrane “sandwiched” between two inflated chambers, and attached solar power receivers which are of concentrating photovoltaic and optionally also concentrating solar thermal types. Floating embodiments are described for certain beneficial applications on. Modest concentration ratios enable benefits in both reduced cost and increased conversion efficiency, relative to simple prior-art flat plate solar collectors.

An elastic wave device includes a high acoustic velocity film configured such that a bulk wave propagates at a higher acoustic velocity than an elastic wave that propagates in a piezoelectric film, a low acoustic velocity film configured such that a bulk wave propagates at a lower acoustic velocity than a bulk wave that propagates in the piezoelectric film is laminated on the high acoustic velocity film, the piezoelectric film is laminated on the low acoustic velocity film, and an IDT electrode is laminated on one surface of the piezoelectric film. In an upper structure section, an energy concentration ratio of a main mode which is an elastic wave is not less than about 99.9% and an energy concentration ratio of a high order mode which is spurious is not more than about 99.5%.

The invention relates to a combined mineral dressing method of fine grain and micro grain cassiterite, which gives up the single mineral dressing method of fine grain and micro grain cassiterite for years. The invention adopts the effective combination of two-time flotation operation, magnetic separation operation, desliming and dewatering operation and reselection operation, provides a new mineral dressing model for selecting grain and micro grain cassiterite which has the size of 10-37 micrometers and has complex mineral property, high impurity content and big mineral dressing difficulty, and improves the cassiterite concentration ratio and cassiterite operation recovery rate; cassiterite concentration ratio can reach 5-10, the cassiterite operation recovery rate can be above 70%, and the tin-containing grade of tin concentrate products can be above 50%. The method also can be used for the mineral dressing of fine grains and micro grains of non-ferrous metal, such as tungsten, molybdenum, tantalum, niobium and the like and has favorable economic benefit and social benefit.

Hybrid hydrogels formed of a plurality of peptides that are capable of self-assembling into a hydrogel in an aqueous solution and a biocompatible polymer that is characterized by high swelling capability, high elasticity and low mechanical strength are disclosed, with exemplary hybrid hydrogels being formed of a plurality of aromatic dipeptides and hyaluronic acid. The hybrid hydrogels are characterized by controllable mechanical and biological properties which can be adjusted by controlling the concentration ratio of the peptides and the polymer, and which average the mechanical and biological properties of the peptides and the polymer. Processes of preparing the hydrogels and uses thereof in pharmaceutical, cosmetic or cosmeceutic applications such as tissue engineering and / or regeneration are further disclosed.

The invention discloses a nucleic acid amplification system and a freeze-drying protective agent thereof. The nucleic acid amplification system comprises a buffer solution, an enzyme mixing solution, a nucleic acid amplification reaction solution and the low-temperature freeze-drying protective agent. The buffer solution further comprises one or more of dNTP, Mgcl2, Thris-Hcl and KCl. The enzyme mixing solution further comprises one or more of RNA reverse transcriptase, RAN inhibitor and DNA polymerase. A preparation method for the freeze-drying protective agent applied to the nucleic acid amplification system comprises the following step that the components are mixed to be uniform according to the adopted concentration ratio to obtain the freeze-drying protective agent. An RNA / DNA fluorescent quantitation nucleic acid diagnostic reagent system can be detected in a freeze-drying mode, freeze drying can be achieved, the detection purpose can be achieved only through one-step hydration, and the purposes of normal temperature transportation and storage which cannot be achieved by a nucleic acid diagnostic reagent at the present stage can be achieved.

A method and system for calibrating molecular arrays to a reference molecular array, and for subsequently calibrating the molecular arrays to maintain a constant signal-intensity-to-label-concentration ratio. In the first step of the two-step calibration method, a reference array coated with the fluorophore or chromophore used to label probe molecules is employed, while in the second step of the two-step method, a reference array coated with a stable dye is employed.

The invention relates to a method for measuring concentration by floating reference, which comprises the following steps: using the testing object's concentration ratio aroused by light of testing media in different distance with light source to get measuring point and reference point; using the intensity value of measuring point and reference point to measure component concentration of the testing object which includes the following steps: measuring intensity parameter at reference point; measuring intensity parameter at measuring point; doing data preprocessing to measuring data; forming concentration and intensity weight differential mode single related mould; accomplishing concentration measurement of testing object.

A human surrogate neck model includes a spinal neck region containing cervical vertebrae. A biosimulant intervertebral material is inserted between the cervical vertebrae. The spinal neck region is surrounded by a first silicone material mixed with a polymeric cross-linking inhibitor. One or more elastic tension bands are anchored to a top interface and a bottom interface of the neck model. A second silicone material mixed with a polymeric cross-linking inhibitor is applied to surround the spinal neck region and the first silicone material and to embed the tension bands. One or more of the elastic tension bands and / or a concentration ratio of the first silicone material or second silicone material to the polymeric cross-linking inhibitor can be adjusted for variable test conditions to closely simulate or mimic the static and dynamic characteristics of a human neck in various scenarios.

A surface treatment with a zirconium ion that enables sufficient throwing power and superior anti-corrosion properties to be exhibited when thus surface treated metal base material is subjected to cation electrodeposition coating is provided. A metal surface treatment liquid thereof for cation electrodeposition coating includes zirconium ions, copper ions, and other metal ions, and having a pH of 1.5 to 6.5, in which: the other metal ions are at least one selected from the group consisting of tin ions, indium ions, aluminum ions, niobium ions, tantalum ions, yttrium ions and cerium ions; the concentration of zirconium ions is 10 to 10,000 ppm; the concentration ratio of the copper ions to the zirconium ions is 0.005 to 1 on a mass basis; and the concentration ratio of the other metal ions to the copper ions is 0.1 to 1,000 on a mass basis.

The invention discloses a method for preparing graphene. The method comprises the following steps of: after heating a substrate loaded with a copper metal layer to a bulk phase melting point and above the bulk phase melting point of copper in the flowing anaerobic and anhydrous atmosphere, introducing a carbon-containing compound into a system to perform chemical vapor deposition to obtain the graphene on the surface of the copper metal layer after the deposition. According to the method, the graphene with various shapes is prepared by introducing inert gases under a liquid state copper catalyst. The method is easy and convenient to operate and high in quality of products, and can be used for large-scale production. The shapes of the graphene can be regulated and controlled by regulating a concentration ratio of the inert gases to carbon-containing substances and hydrogen.

The invention discloses an aspergillus flavus strain producing no aflatoxin. The aspergillus flavus strain producing no aflatoxin, provided by the invention, is specifically aspergillus flavus GZ-17; the preservation number of the aspergillus flavus strain in the general microbiology center of the China Committee for Culture Collection of Microorganisms is CGMCC No.8050. Experimental results show that the aspergillus flavus strain GZ-17 provided by the invention plays a role in restraining the poison production of the aspergillus flavus strain producing the aflatoxin; when the concentration ratio of the strain to a toxic producing fungus spore is 105: 105, the poison production restrained ratio of bacterium producing no poison to the bacterium producing poison is nearly 96%. The strain has important significance for restraining the infection of the aspergillus flavus producing poison to agricultural products and reducing the aflatoxin pollution in the agricultural products.

The invention provides a technology and a method for treating urban sewage by three-section short-cut nitrification / anaerobic ammonia oxidation, and belongs to the technical field of biological treatment of sewage. A raw water tank, an organic substance removal sequencing batch reactor (SBR), a first regulating water tank, a short-cut nitrification SBR (provided with an on-line monitoring and feedback control system), a second regulating water tank and an autotrophic nitrogen removal up-flow anaerobic sludge bed / blanket (UASB) reactor are sequentially connected in series in the technology; and the sludge is separated according to the sludge age, so that the contradiction between denitrification and phosphorus removal sludge age is solved. By applying the real-time control technology of the short-cut nitrification SBR to the autotrophic nitrogen removal technology, the problems that the half short-cut of low ammonia nitrogen short-cut nitrification in continuous flow is difficult to maintain, the concentration ratio of ammonia nitrogen to nitrous in the effluent is difficult to control and the like are solved. By successfully applying the anaerobic ammonia oxidation technology todeep denitrification treatment of the domestic sewage, urban sewage treatment with high efficiency and low energy consumption is realized.

The invention relates to an activated carbon catalyst used for treating refractory organic wastewater with a Fenton-like technology, and preparation and application thereof. The catalyst is prepared by using an isopyknic impregnation method with transition metals - Cu, Fe, Ni and Mn or rare earth elements as active components and formed activated carbon as a carrier; and the catalyst is mainly used for treating refractory organic wastewater, or wastewater failing to achieve standards after treated by using a biochemical method. The activated carbon catalyst provided by the invention treats the wastewater at room temperature without adjustment of the pH value of the wastewater, wherein the concentration ratio of H2O2 (mg / L) to COD (mg / L) is 0.3 to 1.5, and airspeed is 0.5 to 2.0 h<-1>. According to the invention, COD removal rate is greater than 50%; BOD5 / COD indexes of the wastewater before and after treatment is significantly enhanced; biodegradability of the wastewater is improved; and the catalyst is capable of continuously operating for more than 700 hours with unchanged catalytic activity, and can be popularized in industrial application of treating industrial wastewater, specifically the refractory organic wastewater, by using the Fenton-like method.

The invention discloses a multifunctional anti-incrustation corrosion inhibitor and a preparation method thereof. The multifunctional anti-incrustation corrosion inhibitor is used as a water treatment agent for industrial circulating cooling water, a heating network system and a low-pressure boiler and is prepared from the following components in percentage by mass: phosphate, sulfonate, phosphonate, polycarboxylic acid, azoles and water. The preparation method comprises the following steps of: sequentially adding the components into a reaction vessel at normal temperature, and then stirring, dissolving and mixing to form a finished product. The multifunctional anti-incrustation corrosion inhibitor confirms to the national DL / T806-2002 (electric power) and SH 260407-2003 (petrochemistry) standards of the anti-incrustation corrosion inhibitor for circulating cooling water, can be applied to various water treatment systems and used as the water treatment agent for water with various qualities, and can be directly applied to the water treatment system to play the roles of anti-incrustation, incrustation removal, corrosion mitigation and concentration ratio increase, thereby achieving the purposes of incrustation prevention and removal as well as water saving.

The invention discloses a method for automatically controlling desulphurization and denitration by flue gas based on pH value and ORP value and an apparatus thereof. The method comprises the following steps: dedusting and preoxidazing flue gas, oxidizing NO to NO2, precleaning and processing flue gas by a prewashing system, then taking ammonium sulfite as a absorption liquid, absorbing SO2 and NOx(x is 1 or 2) in flue gas, keeping the pH value and ORP value of the absorption liquid in a set scope during the absorption process for ensuring the absorption efficiency of desulphurization and denitration as well as operation stability, passing the flue gas through an electric demister, and removing the ammonia mist in the flue gas for preventing the ammonia leakage. When the concentration ratio of the absorption liquid (NH4)2SO3 / NH4HSO3 decreases to 0.9, a part of the absorption liquid in a washing tower reservoir is introduced into an ammonium sulfate byproduct treatment system, and the resource and recovery utilization can be realized. The provided desulphurization and denitration method has desulphurization efficiency with more than 95% and denitration efficiency with more than 85%, the ammonia escape amount is lower than 5mg / m<3>, and the sulfur resource can be simultaneously recovered.

This invention relates to a polyester / polyamide blend having an excellent gas barrier property. More particularly, the present invention relates to combinations of a polyethylene terephthalate polymer and a polyamide polymer having an excellent gas barrier property and short oxygen scavenging induction periods, where the polyamide polymer has a C:A terminal group concentration ratio of 2:1 or more and a C+A terminal group concentration of at least 0.17 meq / g of polyamide polymer, wherein C represents a cumulative total of a terminal carboxyl group concentration and a terminal hydrocarbyl group concentration expressed in meq / g of polyamide, and A represents a terminal amine group concentration expressed in meq / g of polyamide.

The invention relates to a membrane treatment process for oilfield reinjection water, which comprises the specific steps of: firstly introducing oil-containing wastewater into a settling tank for naturally settling to remove part of large suspended solid granules and waste oil; directly introducing the settled water into a ceramic membrane ultrafiltration device for internal circulating filtration, directly using the liquid penetrating through the membrane for reinjection, introducing the circulating liquid containing large amounts of suspended solid granules and waste oil which do not penetrate through the membrane into the settling tank for continuing settlement, mixing with inflow water and introducing into the ceramic membrane ultrafiltration device for filtration again; automatically discharging pollutants when the wastewater in a circulation tank reaches a certain concentration ratio; and automatically adjusting the membrane surface flow rate of an online detection device according to the inflow water quality conditions, so as to achieve the purpose of energy conservation. The membrane treatment process provided by the invention has the advantages of simple process, low investment cost, high filtering precision, no need for the introduction of any reagents during the treatment process, no secondary pollution, etc.

The invention discloses an artificial breeding method for hatching leeches and raising seedlings of leeches, aiming to provide a method for hatching leeches and raising seedlings of the leeches, which has leech hatching rate as high as 95 percent, shortened seedling emergence period and concentrated seedling emergence. The method sequentially comprises the following steps: 1, breed selection; 2, leech breed disinfection; 3, breed input; 4, mating and spawning; 5, cocoon classification; 6, hatching in a hatching room; and 7, hatching and seedling emerging. The invention has shortened seedling emergence period of the leeches and high seedling emergence concentration ratio, is convenient to artificial breeding, ensures the quality and indirectly increases the output of the commodity leeches by 150 kg each mu, enhances the benefit by 2000-3000 yuan each mu, and the like.

The invention discloses a lepidolite floatation method. The lepidolite floatation method comprises the steps that raw ore is subjected to wet ball milling after being crushed to obtain ore pulp; and the ore pulp is subjected to floatation separation with a lauryl amine polyoxyethylene ether solution serving as a collecting agent and with sulfuric acid serving as a regulating agent to obtain high-quality lepidolite concentrate. The lepidolite floatation method has the characteristics of being simple in process, low in agent consumption and production cost and good in adaptability to slime, the recovery rate of the lepidolite concentrate reaches 66.38% relative to Li2O in the raw ore, the content of lepidolite concentrate grade Li2O reaches 3.17%, the concentration ratio reaches 4.80, comprehensive utilization value of lepidolite resources is remarkably improved, and the floatation method is environmentally friendly and has sustainable-development long-term and practical significance.

Methods and systems to measure simultaneously concentrations or concentration ratio(s) of two or more gas ingredients in a sample area comprising: a wavelength modulated light source; an acoustic detector or a photodetector; and means to analyze the signal from the acoustic detector or the photodetector and calculate the concentrations or concentration ratio(s). The light from the light source is transmitted through the sample area. Part of the light will be absorbed in the sample area by the gas ingredients and generates photoacoustic signal. The acoustic detector is used to sample the photoacoustic signal. Alternatively, a photodetector is used to sample the light intensity after the light is transmitted through the sample area.