The invention discloses a polarization state tomography micro-imaging device and a method thereof. The device comprises a laser, a polarization generator, a semi-reflecting semitransparent mirror, a microscope objective, a first beam splitter, a second beam splitter, a third beam splitter, a quarter-wave plate, a first Stokes system, a second Stokes system, a third Stokes system, a fourth Stokes system, a data acquiring module, a computer, a drive module and an X-Y scanning platform used for installing a tested sample. The device and the method allow the omni-directional polarization information of the tested sample to be obtained, the polarization states of an object at different levels to be detected and micro-imaged, the stress size and direction, the substance structure, the molecular array orientation, the refractive index, the internal stress distribution, the surface conductivity distribution, the surface roughness and the like of the internal of the object at different levels to be obtained, and the information of the tested sample to be truly and accurately reflected, and can be widely used in the polarization state measurement field.