847 results about "Methacrylamide" patented technology

The invention relates to the preparation of a hydrogel surface useful in the formation and manipulation of arrays of molecules, particularly polynucleotides and to the chemical modification of these and other arrays. In particular, the invention relates to a method of preparing a hydrogel immobilised to a solid support comprising polymerising on the support a mixture of a first comonomer which is acrylamide, methacrylamide, hydroxyethyl methacrylate or N-vinyl pyrrolidinone and a second comonomer which is a functionalised acrylamide or acrylate.

The polishing slurry of the invention is a polishing slurry for polishing a silicon oxide film on polysilicon, which contains an abrasive, polysilicon polishing inhibitor, and water. As the polishing inhibitor, it is preferable to use (1) a water-soluble polymer having a N-monosubstituted or N,N-disubstituted skeleton substituted by any member selected from the group consisting of acrylamide, methacrylamide, and α-substituted derivatives thereof, (2) polyethylene glycol, (3) an oxyethylene adduct of an acetylene-based diol, (4) a water-soluble organic compound having an acetylene bond, (5) an alkoxylated linear aliphatic alcohol, or (6) a copolymer containing polyvinyl pyrrolidone or vinyl pyrrolidone. There is provided a polishing method which is capable of polishing a silicon oxide film on a polysilicon film at a high speed, and inhibiting the progress of polishing of a polysilicon film in exposed parts in the manufacturing method for a semiconductor.

Farnesene interpolymer comprises units derived from a farnesene (e.g., α-farnesene or β-farnesene) and units derived from at least one vinyl monomer. The farnesene interpolymer can be prepared by copolymerizing the farnesene and at least one vinyl monomer in the presence of a catalyst. In some embodiments, the farnesene is prepared from a sugar by using a microorganism. In other embodiments, the at least one vinyl monomer is ethylene, an α-olefin, or a substituted or unsubstituted vinyl halide, vinyl ether, acrylonitrile, acrylic ester, methacrylic ester, acrylamide or methacrylamide, or a combination thereof.

Adhesive composition comprises a polyfarnesene and a tackifier. The polyfarnesene can be a farnesene homopolymer derived from a farnesene (e.g., α-farnesene or β-farnesene) or a farnesene interpolymer derived from a farnesene and at least a vinyl monomer. In some embodiments, the at least one vinyl monomer is ethylene, an α-olefin such as styrene, or a substituted or unsubstituted vinyl halide, vinyl ether, acrylonitrile, acrylic ester, methacrylic ester, acrylamide or methacrylamide, or a combination thereof. The composition disclosed herein can be used as a hot melt adhesive, a pressure sensitive adhesive or the like.

A homopolymer of a monomer selected from those having the general formula:

wherein: R1 is H or CH3; R2 is H or an alkyl group having from 1 to about 4 carbon atoms; A is a straight or branched chain alkyl group having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms; and R5, R6, and R7 each are independently an alkyl group having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms; or a copolymer of such monomers as acrylate, acrylamide or methacrylamide may be used to disperse metal sulfides prior to their forming scales during the production and transportation of crude oil. Terpolymers of dimethyldiallylammonium salt, 2-hydroxypropyl acrylate; and acrylic acid may also be used for this purpose. The production fluid may also be treated with a compound that promotes the formation of dispersible sulfide scales.

Compositions and methods are provided for performing capillary electrophoresis using a composition comprising in combination in an aqueous buffered medium a coating polymer and a sieving polymer, where the sieving polymer is more hydrophilic than the coating polymer and is present in greater amount. Of particular interest are uncrosslinked acrylamide polymer mixtures for coating plastic channels and providing sieving for performing DNA separations in microfluidic devices. Polyacrylamide or N,N-dimethyl acrylamide is used with a N,N-dialkyl acrylamide copolymer, either separately or together for sieving and coating, serving as the medium in capillary electrophoresis DNA separations.

A conductive composition comprises a π conjugated conductive polymer, a dopant composed of polyanion, and at least one crosslinking site forming compound selected from (a) compounds having a glycidyl group and (b) compounds having a hydroxyl group and one selected from the group consisting of allyl, vinyl ether, methacryl, acryl methacrylamide, and acrylamide groups. An antistatic coating material comprises a π conjugated conductive polymer, polyanion, at least one crosslinking site forming compound selected form the above (a) and (b), and a solvent. An antistatic coating is formed by applying the above-mentioned antistatic coating material. In a capacitor comprising an anode composed of a valve metal porous body; a dielectric layer formed by oxidizing the suds of the anode; and a cathode formed on the dielectric lays, the cathode has a solid electrolyte layer formed by crosslinking complexes of a π conjugated conductive polymer and a dopant composed of a polyanion.

Aqueous laundry detergent compositions containing surfactants and fatty acid, having a pH of from about 6 to about 11 and containing a polymer having a number average molecular weight of from about 700,000 to about 4,000,000 and comprising monomeric units including: nonionic monomers selected from acrylamide, N,N-dialkyl acrylamide, methacrylamide, N,N-dialkylmethacrylamide, hydroxyalkyl acrylate and vinyl pyrrolidone, vinyl acetate, vinyl alcohol, and mixtures thereof; cationic monomers selected from N,N-dialkylaminoalkyl methacrylate, N,N-dialkylaminoalkyl acrylate, N,N-dialkylaminoalkyl acrylamide, N,N-dialkylaminoalkylmethacrylamide, methacylamidoalkyl trialkylammonium chloride, acrylamidoalkylltrialkylammonium chloride, vinylamine, quaternized vinyl imidazole and diallyl dialkyl ammonium chloride, and mixtures thereof; and anionic monomers selected from acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, maleic acid, vinyl sulfonic acid, styrene sulfonic acid, acrylamidopropylmethane sulfonic acid (AMPS), salts thereof, and mixtures thereof; in a specified mole ratio.

The invention relates to a synthesis method of drilling fluid filtrate reducer. The method comprises: a, nonionic compound emulsifying agent is dissolved in oil and oil phase is made up; a first monomer chosen from fumaric acid, maleic acid, itaconic acid or crylic acid, a second monomer chosen from N, N- dimethylacrylamide, N, N-diethylacrylamide or acrylamide and a third monomer chosen from 4-vinylbenzenesulfonic acid sodium salt, sodium allylsulfonate, 3-allyloxy-2-dydroxy-1-sodium allylsulfonate, 2- methacryloxypropyl-2-methyl propanesulfonic acid, 2-acrylamido-2-methyl propanesulfonic acid or SMAS are dissolved in water with the molar ratio of 1:1 to 5:1 to 5, the pH value of the solution is adjusted to be between 8 and 11, evocating agent is added and water phase solution is made up; and b, the water solution is added to the oil phase solution and the temperature rises to 40 to 70 DEG C for polymerization. The method of the invention has the advantages of fast polymerization speed, high outcome molecular weight and high outcome stability, good filtrate reducing performance, high temperature resistance and high salt resistant performance.

The invention relates to a water-soluble chitosan quaternary ammonium salt antibiotic finishing agent. The invention is characterized in that the antibiotic finishing agent is names as O-methacrylamide-N-hydroxypropyl alkyl dimethyl ammonium chloride chitosan and the concrete structural formula is as follows. The preparation thereof includes that: alkyl dimethyl tertiary amide and epichlorohydrin are taken as raw materials to synthesize 2, 3-epoxy alkyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, then the 2, 3-epoxy alkyl dimethyl ammonium chloride is introduce onto the ammonium group of chitosan, so as to obtain N-hydroxypropyl alkyl dimethyl ammonium chloride chitosan HDCC, and then crosslinking is carried out on the HDCC and hydroxymethyl acrylamide is carried out, thus obtaining NMA-HDCC. The quaternary ammonium salt antibiotic finishing agent contains water-soluble group and fibrous reactivity group and has good water solubility, the bacterial inhibition rate of finished cotton fabrics is close to 100%, and the finishing agent can be combined with cellulose fiber by covalent bond and is wash-resistant; and cost is low, raw material is environmental friendly, environmental pollution is less, thus having industrialization application prospect.

The invention relates to crosslinked acid sand fracturing acid liquor, comprising the following components in percentage by weight: 0.7% of thickening agent, 1.5% of cross-linking agent, 1.5% of corrosion inhibitor, 0.5% of surfactant, 0.15% of stabilizing agent, 20% of hydrochloric acid and 75.65% of water, wherein the thickening agent consists of the following components by weight percent: 6.61% of methacrylamidoethyltrimethylamine hydrochloride, 3.22% of acrylamide, 1.25% of acrylic acid, 9.52% of 2-acrylamide-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid, 6.15% of sodium hydroxide and 73.25% of deionized water; and the cross-linking agent consists of the following components in percentage by weight: 1% of zirconium oxychloride, 80% of formaldehyde and 19% of glyoxal. The crosslinked acid sand fracturing acid liquor can be cross-linked in 20% hydrochloric acid, the temperature resistance reaches 100 DEG C, the constant of reaction rate of acid-rock is 1.3744*10-6 (mol/cm<3>)(1-m)*(cm/s), and the viscosity of the gel-breaking liquid is less than 10 mPa.s.

A polymerizable polymeric photoinitiator according to Formula (I):

wherein:

• • PL represents an n+m+p-functional polymeric core;
  • n and m independently represent an integer from 1 to 30;
  • p represents an integer from 0 to 10;
  • o is 0 or 1;
  • INI represents a group selected from the group consisting of a benzophenone, a thioxanthone, a carbazole, a anthraquinone, a camphor quinone, an α-hydroxyalkylphenone, an α-aminoalkylphenone, an acylphosphine oxide, a bisacyl phosphine oxide, an acylphosphine sulfide, a phenyl glyoxalate, a benzoin ether, a benzyl ketal, an α-dialkoxyacetophenone, a carbazolyl-O-acyl-oxime, an α-haloarylketone and an α-haloaryl sulfone;
  • L₃ and L₄ represent a substituted or unsubstituted divalent linking group comprising 1 to 14 carbon atoms;
  • A represents a radically polymerizable functional group selected from the group consisting of an acrylate, a methacrylate, a styrene, an acryl amide, a methacryl amide, a maleate, a fumarate, an itaconate, an vinyl ether, an allyl ether, an allyl ester, a maleimide, a vinyl nitrile and a vinyl ester; and
  • R4 represents a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group.

Radiation curable compositions containing the polymerizable polymeric photoinitiator and methods for preparing the polymerizable polymeric photoinitiator are also disclosed.

The invention discloses a binder and making method of modified urea-formaldehyde resin, which comprises the following steps: adopting urea-formaldehyde resin, fill, reinforcer, deoxidation agent, formaldehyde catching agent, anti-aging agent, anti-shrinking agent, hardener and auxiliary reinforcer; adopting modified copolymer of acrylic acid, sodium acrylate, N, N-dimethylamino propyl methyl acrylamide as anti-shrinking agent; making polyacrylamide solution reacted by acrylamide and ammonium persulphate as formaldehyde catching agent; allocating each component according to proportion; blending evenly; casting; extracting into vacuum; stripping; stewing; drying naturally; coating a layer of polymethacrylate paint on the surface of product; proceeding colorful paint; obtaining the product.

The invention discloses a preparation method of hydrogel for cartilage repair and with tissue inductivity. The preparation method comprises the following main steps: A, polysaccharide or protein double bonding, B, hydrogel preparation, and C, adsorption of growth factors. According to the preparation method, double bonded natural polysaccharide/protein and methacrylamide dopamine which are completely degradable are used as the main components, and hydrogel adopting a double network structure can be formed through free radical polymerization of two materials of double bonded polysaccharide/protein and methacrylamide dopamine. Then hydrogel adsorbs biological activity growth factors through the dehydration and reswelling functions, and the growth factors are fixed into hydrogel throguh the dopamine component. The hydrogel obtained according to the preparation method is excellent in biological degradability and cell/tissue affinity, high in activity of the loaded growth factors and good in slow release performance, and can better induce cartilage regeneration and promote cartilage repair.

The invention discloses a method for preparing a high-strength double-network hydrogel stent by virtue of 3D printing. The method comprises the following steps of adding a polymer monomer N, N-dimethyl acrylamide, an initiator, a crosslinking agent and sodium alginate (SA) into deionized water to form a solution and adding inorganic powder hydroxyapatite to obtain a sol; controlling and extruding the sol by a robot dispenser, and carrying out 3D printing molding to obtain a sol stent; placing the sol stent under ultraviolet light so that the monomer in the stent is subjected to photopolymerization and chemical cross-linking reaction to form a layer of chemically cross-linked network pre-molded hydrogel stent; immersing the pre-molded hydrogel stent into a CaCl2 aqueous solution so that SA in the stent is subjected to physical crosslinking to form a second layer of physically cross-linked network so as to obtain the hydrogel stent having physically and chemically cross-linked double-network. The hydrogel stent prepared by the method has higher mechanical strength and fine internal structure, and the three-dimensional morphology of the stent can be conveniently regulated and controlled to adapt to the complex application requirements of tissue engineering materials.

An alignment film material according to the present invention includes: a precursor of a first polyimide (p1); a second polyimide (p2) and a precursor thereof; and a vinyl-type monomer. The vinyl-type monomer is represented by general formula (1) P1-A1-(Z1-A2)n-P2 (in general formula (1), P1 and P2 are, independently, acrylate, methacrylate, acrylamide or methacrylamide; A1 and A2 represent, independently, 1,4-phenylene, 1,4-cyclohexane or 2,5-thiophene, or naphthalene-2,6-diyl or anthracene-2,7-diyl; at least one of A1 and A2 is substituted by at least one fluorine group; and Z1 is a —COO— group, a —OCO— group, a —O— group, a —CONH— group or a single bond, where n is 0 or 1).

The invention provides a high-temperature-resistant dispersed fluid loss agent for oil well cement and a preparation method thereof. The fluid loss agent prepared with the method is used for reducing a fluid loss of cement paste in oil and natural gas well drilling and cementing processes. The fluid loss agent prepared with the method is a quadripolymer; comonomers are 2-acrylamide-2-methyl propanesulfonic acid (AMPS), N,N'-dimethylacrylamide (DMAA), acrylamide (AM), and maleic anhydride (MA); and an initiator is a mixed solution of ammonium persulfate and sodium hydrosulfite. The fluid loss agent provided by the invention has good capacities of controlling fluid loss and improving the rheologic property of the cement paste, and has good temperature-resistant and salt-resistant capabilityand wide application range.

A method comprising the steps of: (A) forming a fluid comprising a crosslinked polymer, wherein the crosslinked polymer comprises: (i) a first monomeric unit of one or more N-vinyl lactams; and (ii) a crosslinker selected from the group consisting of: divinyl ether, diallyl ether, vinyl or allyl ethers of polyglycols or polyols, divinylbenzene, 1,3-divinylimidazolidin-2-one, divinyltetrahydropyrimidin-2(1H)-one, dienes, allyl amines, N-vinyl-3(E)-ethylidene pyrrolidone, ethylidene bis(N-vinylpyrrolidone), and any combination of any of the foregoing; and (B) introducing the fluid into a portion of a well. The crosslinked polymer may additionally comprise: a second monomeric unit selected from the group consisting of: acrylamide, N-substituted acrylamides, methacrylamide, N-substituted methacrylamides, acrylates, methacrylates, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, N-vinylamides, N-allyl amides, vinyl alcohol, vinyl ethers, vinyl esters, allyl alcohol, allyl ethers, allyl esters, vinylpyridine, vinyl sulfonates, allyl sulfonates, vinylimidazole, allylimidazole, diallyldimethylammonium chloride, and any combination of any of the foregoing.

In one aspect, the present invention is directed to a thermally responsive AB diblock copolymer prepared by RAFT polymerization wherein the diblock copolymer comprises poly(N-(3-aminopropyl)methacrylamide hydrochloride)-block-(N-isopropylacrylamide). Nanostructures of the thermally responsive diblock copolymer are formed by molecularly dissolving the diblock copolymer in aqueous solution at room temperature; and increasing the solution temperature to form nanostructures, for example vesicles or micelles. The first RAFT polymerization of an unprotected amino acid based monomer directly in water is also disclosed. The present invention also provides a method of forming shell cross-linked vesicles by adding a RAFT synthesized anionic homopolymer to a solution of the thermally responsive diblock copolymer. A method of forming interpolyelectrolyte complexed micelles or vesicles is also disclosed, the method comprising preparing by sequential aqueous RAFT polymerization a block copolymer comprised of N,N,-dimethyl acrylamide (DMA), N-acryloyl alanine (AAL) and N-isopropyl acrylamide (NIPAM); dissolving the block copolymers into aqueous solution; raising the solution temperature above the lower critical solution temperature of the NIPAM block; allowing the micelle solution to equilibrate; adjusting the pH of the solution to about 5; adding a cationic polymer to the solution; and stirring the solution. The reaction is readily reversed by the addition of a salt solution. In another aspect of the invention a reversible shell cross-linked micelle of a triblock copolymer cross-linked with cystamine is disclosed where a cleaving agent can be added to cleave the micelles. The reaction can be reversed with the addition of tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine or dithiothreitol.

An alignment film (100) according to the present invention includes: a first alignment layer (102) containing a first polyimide (p1); and a second alignment layer (104) containing a polymerization product (po) resulting from polymerization of a polyfunctional monomer and a second polyimide (p2). The polyfunctional monomer is represented by general formula (1) P1-A1-(Z1-A2)n-P2 (in general formula (1), P1 and P2 each independently of the other are an acrylate, methacrylate, acrylamide, methacrylamide, vinyl, vinyloxy, or epoxy group; A1 and A2 each independently of the other represent a 1,4-phenylene, 1,4-cyclohexane, 2,5-thiophene, or naphthalene-2,6-diyl group; Z1 is a —COO— group, a —OCO— group, a —O— group, a —CONH— group or a single bond, where n is 0, 1, or 2).

The invention discloses an amphion polymer modified anti-adhesion surface with dopamine as an anchor, and a making method thereof. The making method comprises the following steps: modifying the surface of a base material with dopamine methacrylamide under alkaline conditions, wherein the base material is not pretreated before modification; and grafting the surface of the base material with a thio group-containing amphion polymer through a thio-ene click chemical reaction under ultraviolet light initiation conditions to prepare the amphion polymer modified anti-adhesion surface with dopamine as anchor. The base material which can be modified comprises glass flakes, mica sheets, wood blocks, polyethylene glycol terephthalate, nonwoven fabrics, cotton fabrics and metal sheets; and the amphion polymer modified anti-adhesion surface with dopamine as an anchor has a good anti-adhesion effect on bacteria, and the antibacterial adhesion effect of the surface immersed in water for 5d has no obvious decreasing trend.

A method of protecting dyed hair color from fading or wash-out during exposure to air and/or shampooing is described. In accordance with one aspect the method includes treating dyed hair with a composition containing (i) a hydrophobically modified quaternary polymer, (ii) a hydrophobically modified polymer plus a cationic surfactant, (iii) a polymer containing diethylaminopropyl methacrylamide (DMAPMA), dimethylaminoethyl methacrylamide (DMAEMA) or diethylaminoethyl methacrylamide (DEAEMA) or (iv) a combination thereof.

The invention discloses a compound low dosage natural gas hydrate inhibitor. The hydrate inhibitor benchmarked against the mass of water in a deepwater drilling fluid completion fluid comprises, by mass, 0.1-2% of a hydrate kinetic inhibitor, 0.1-2% of a kinetic inhibitor synergist and 0-10% of a hydrate thermodynamic inhibitor. The hydrate kinetic inhibitor is at least one of polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyvinyl caprolactam, and a copolymer generated through a reaction of vinyl pyrrolidone, vinyl caprolactam, alkenyl sulfonic acid and isopropylmethacrylamide. The kinetic inhibitor synergist is at least one of benzyltributylammonium chloride, tetraheptylammonium bromide, ethylene glycol phenyl ether, propylene glycol phenyl ether, polyoxyethylene and polyoxypropylene. The hydrate inhibitor can effectively inhibit generation of hydrates under a low dosage (0.2-10%), is suitable for deepwater and ultra-deep water drilling and completion, greatly reduces the cost and the logistical support burden, and has small harms to environment.

The invention provides polymethacrylimide foam/inorganic nano-composite material and a preparation method thereof. The composite material takes polymethacrylimide as a base body and inorganic nano-material as reinforcing material. The preparation method is as follows: high-speed stirring and power ultrasound are used to evenly disperse the inorganic nano-material into a system of methacrylic acid, methacrylamide and methacrylonitrile monomers containing auxiliary agents such as evocating agent, vesicant, polymerization inhibitor, cross linker, surfactant, parting agent and so on, the evocating agent evocates copolymerization under certain conditions to form methacrylic acid-methacrylamide-methacrylonitrile copolymer/inorganic nano-composite material with light crosslinking, and the composite material undergoes temperature rising with certain procedures, is foamed at a high temperature and produces an imide ring reaction to produce the polymethacrylimide foam/inorganic nano-composite material. The inorganic nano-material is added, so the mechanical property and the heat resistance of the composite material are apparently improved.

A capacitor includes a plurality of electrode substrates, with each of the plurality of electrode substrates having a coated portion and an uncoated portion. The coated portion is coated with a coating material that includes a high surface area activated carbon material, a water soluble binder selected from the group consisting of: poly vinyl alcohol, poly acrylic acid, polymethacrylic acid, polyethylene oxide, polyacrylamide, poly-N-isopropylearylamide, poly-N,N-dimethylacrylamide, polyethyleneimine, polyoxyethylene, polyvinylsulfonic acid, poly (2-methoxyethoxyethoxyethylene), butadiene-acrylonitrile, and combinations thereof, and a water soluble thickener. A separator is inserted between adjacent substrates of the plurality of electrode substrates. The capacitor further includes an electrolyte. A method of manufacturing the capacitor is also provided.

The present invention relates to an ink jet recording sheet comprising: a supporting medium; and an ink receiving layer formed on the supporting medium, wherein the ink receiving layer comprises a pigment, an adhesive agent, an ink fixing agent, and a ternary copolymer comprising an alkyl (meth)acrylate, an N-methylolacrylamide, and a styrene.

The invention relates to a cationic polymer coating agent for water-base drilling fluid, which has the following structural formula, wherein A is a first monomer which is selected from one of N,N-dimethylacrylamide, acrylamide or N,N-diethylacrylamide, B is a second monomer which is selected from one of methacryloyloxyethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, dimethyldiallylammonium chloride or acryloyloxyethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, and C is a third monomer which is selected from 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid, vinyl sulfonic acid or methacrylic acid, wherein x is 40-120, y is 1-20, and z is 1-10. The invention also relates to a preparation method of the cationic polymer coating agent. When the cationic polymer coating agent of the invention is used for a water-base drilling fluid system, the cationic polymer coating agent has good rock debris coating effect and can improve the performance of the water-base drilling fluid system.

The present invention relates to a CMP polishing slurry, comprising cerium oxide particles, a dispersing agent, a water-soluble polymer and water, wherein the water-soluble polymer is a compound having a skeleton of any one of an N-mono-substituted product and an N,N-di-substituted product of any one selected from the group consisting of acrylamide, methacrylamide and α-substituted products thereof. The amount of the water-soluble polymer is preferably in the range of 0.01 part or more by weight and 10 parts or less by weight for 100 parts by weight of the polishing slurry. Thus it is possible to provide a polishing slurry and a polishing method which make it possible to polish a film made of silicon oxide or the like effectively and rapidly and further control the process therefor easily in CMP technique for flattening an interlayer insulating film, a BPSG film, an insulator film for shallow trench isolation, and other films.

The invention provides a filtration-reducing agent for oil well cement, which is used in well drilling and well cementing processes of petroleum and natural gas to reduce filtration of cementing paste. The filtration-reducing agent is a penta-copolymer, and a copolymerized monometer is 2-acrylamide-2-methyl propane sulfonic acid (AMPS), N, N'-dimethyl acrylamide (DMAA), unsaturated monocarboxylic acid, unsaturated dicarboxylic acid, and N, N'-methane biacrylamide (MBA). The filtration-reducing agent has favorable filtration reducing performance and rheological performance, and wide applicable temperature range, and is suitable for fresh-water and salt-water cementing paste.

The problem of the invention is to find a polymer mixture which forms an inter-polymer complex by being responsive to temperature even under neutral to alkaline conditions. According to the invention, a temperature responsive inter-polymer complex capable of showing thermal responsiveness in an aqueous solution, which contains a poly-N-acetylacrylamide or polyvinyl alcohol and polyethylene glycol, polyacrylamide or polymethacylamide, is applied to separating agents, immobilized enzymes, denatured protein modifiers, separation method or concentration of microorganisms, purification or concentration of nucleic acids, drug-releasing microcapsules and the like.