1130 results about "Reaction rate" patented technology

The invention belongs to the technical field of acyclic compounds, and particularly relates to a preparation method of tert-butyl peroxyisobutyrate. Stirring and cooling a solvent, a tert-butyl hydroperoxide aqueous solution and deionized water to obtain a mixed solution A; adding liquid caustic soda and a solid base catalyst into the mixed solution A under a stirring condition, and continuously stirring for reaction to obtain a mixed solution B; under the stirring condition, isobutyryl chloride and a water-soluble distributing agent are added into the mixed solution B, stirring reaction continues to be conducted, and a mixed solution C is obtained; standing and layering the mixed solution C, separating to obtain a tert-butyl peroxyisobutyrate crude product, and refining the tert-butyl peroxyisobutyrate crude product to obtain the tert-butyl peroxyisobutyrate. According to the method, the raw material utilization rate is increased, the reaction speed is increased, the reaction time is shortened, and the product yield is high.

The invention relates to the technical field of industrial flue gas purification, and discloses a desulfurization control method based on blast furnace gas sulfur concentration prediction, which comprises the following steps: step 1, acquiring real-time sulfur concentration, flow velocity, temperature, pressure and current desulfurizer feeding rate of blast furnace gas, denoising and normalizing acquired data, and storing the data in a database; step 2, based on the blast furnace gas sulfur concentration convection-diffusion model and the reaction rate equation, constructing a physical constraint prediction model in combination with a long-short term memory network, and outputting future predicted sulfur concentration; and 3, predicting a result based on the sulfur concentration. According to the method, the physical constraint prediction model based on the long and short term memory network is adopted, the technical effect of accurately predicting the sulfur concentration of the blast furnace gas is achieved, and compared with a prediction method purely based on experience or a traditional time sequence model in the prior art, the defects of low prediction precision and poor generalization ability under complex working conditions are overcome.

The invention discloses an automatic quality monitoring system based on a nickel hydrazine nitrate manufacturing technology, and relates to the technical field of nickel hydrazine nitrate manufacturing. The system has the functions of integrating a multi-wavelength filter wheel module, a process stability monitoring module and the like, and full-parameter real-time monitoring of the reaction process is realized. A Savitzky-Golay filtering algorithm is adopted to calculate a reaction rate, an XGBoost model is combined to predict a quality grade, and a hierarchical control strategy is designed to cope with different quality risks. And the risk assessment module simulates a crystal growth process by using a reaction kinetic model, identifies key risk factors, constructs a risk matrix to divide production areas, and generates an assessment report. Spectral data are corrected through a three-dimensional compensation matrix, the type of a quality problem is judged by adopting a double-layer fusion algorithm, and closed-loop control is realized in combination with a PID controller and an emergency emission program. A monitoring interface displays key parameters and early warning information in real time, dynamic adjustment of process parameters is supported, the production process is optimized, and the product quality and the production efficiency are improved.

The invention discloses a reaction kettle device for synthesis of an iron phosphate material, and particularly relates to the technical field of synthesis of battery materials, and the device comprises a kettle body, a driving motor, a transmission disc and a turbo-type paddle. A sealing cover is arranged at the top of the kettle body, a driving motor is connected with a rotating shaft, an anchor blade is arranged below the rotating shaft, and the bottom realizes turbine blade lifting and sleeve guide limiting through transmission of a piston cavity and compressed gas; and a ratchet wheel on the outer wall of the rotating shaft is meshed with a pawl in the transmission disc in a one-way mode, and intermittent wall scraping is achieved. According to the device, dead angles are broken through synergistic stirring of the double blades, the mixing uniformity and the reaction rate are improved, materials adhering to the wall are efficiently removed through intermittent wall scraping, the stable reaction environment is guaranteed through multiple sealing, the structure is flexible to adjust, maintenance is convenient and fast, efficient and high-quality synthesis of the iron phosphate material can be achieved, and the device is suitable for industrial large-scale production.

The invention relates to the field of waste polymer material recovery and resource utilization, and particularly discloses a method for realizing ultra-fast recovery of fluorine-containing organic waste through a self-propagating reaction. According to the method, liquid sodium-potassium alloy (NaK) is used as a reaction medium, under the protection of inert atmosphere, fluorine-containing organic solid waste is in contact with NaK, electron transfer is induced through mechanical friction, C-F bond breakage is catalyzed and induced, a defluorination reaction is triggered, reaction heat is released, a self-propagating combustion reaction is initiated, and finally, carbon materials and metal fluoride products are recycled. The method is rapid in reaction, does not need external heating, can efficiently recover fluorine-containing waste and prepare high-added-value materials, and is suitable for green large-scale treatment of waste fluoropolymers and preparation of functional materials.

The invention relates to the technical field of nano particle heterogeneous reaction kinetic research, in particular to a nano single particle reaction rate measuring system and method based on optical surface wave dark field imaging. The method comprises the following steps: preparing a nano single particle sample; the humidity of the environment where the nano single particles are located is adjusted; starting a heterogeneous reaction of the nano single particulate matter, performing in-situ dark field imaging on the nano single particulate matter in the reaction process, and collecting scattering hot spot imaging data under different reaction times and different humidity; and based on the acquired imaging data, the reaction rate of the nano single particulate matter is inversed in combination with a kinetic model. According to the invention, the defects in the existing nano-particle reaction rate measurement technology can be overcome, and the reaction rate of a single particle as low as 50 nanometers in the heterogeneous reaction process can be accurately measured and inverted under the high-humidity standard atmospheric pressure condition.

The invention relates to the related technical field of neodymium-iron-boron recovery, in particular to a neodymium-iron-boron waste recovery parameter optimization method and system capable of predicting the recovery rate, and the method comprises the steps: determining a physical characteristic index, simulating and configuring a pyrolysis parameter set in combination with a pyrolysis temperature gradient, uploading an acid leaching concentration parameter, configuring an acid leaching parameter combination, and carrying out coupling analysis and iteration. And collecting parameters to establish a recovery parameter feedback adjustment mechanism. The technical problems that fixed pyrolysis parameters are difficult to adapt to different waste characteristics, the characteristic change of the pyrolyzed waste directly affects the acid leaching efficiency, a compact inert layer is generated on the surface of part of the pyrolyzed waste, and the dissolution bottleneck is caused are solved, the recovery process under different temperature gradients is analyzed, and the recovery efficiency is improved. The method has the advantages that recycling process parameter sets corresponding to different pyrolysis temperature intervals are accurately configured, the coupling relation between acid leaching and pyrolysis is fully considered, it is guaranteed that the dissolution efficiency, the impurity dissolution amount and the reaction rate of rare earth elements under different acid leaching concentrations reach the optimal balance, and the recycling efficiency is improved.

The invention relates to a supergravity adiponitrile production system and method, the system comprises a supergravity nitrile reactor, a separation tower, a semi-nitrile evaporator and a refining device, the middle part of the supergravity nitrile reactor is communicated with the lower part of the separation tower through a main pipeline, and the top of the supergravity nitrile reactor is communicated with a main ammonia gas pipeline; the top of the separation tower is respectively communicated with an ammonia recovery pipeline and a water recovery pipeline, and the upper part of the separation tower is communicated with the refining device through a pipeline; and the top of the semi-nitrile evaporator is respectively communicated with the bottom of the separation tower, the main pipeline and the main ammonia gas pipeline through pipelines. The reactor has the beneficial effects that the characteristics of structure, technology and the like of the supergravity reactor are utilized, the reverse concentration gradient of ammonia gas and molten adipic acid is formed in the radial direction of the rotor from inside to outside, the gas-liquid contact specific area is increased, the mass transfer driving force is increased, the reaction rate is increased, reaction products are separated out in the reaction process, and the reaction is accelerated and pushed.

The invention provides a method for recovering Cu or EDTA ligand in Cu (II)-EDTA wastewater by one-step complex breaking, which comprises the following steps: adding manganese powder wrapped by a proton exchange membrane into Cu (II)-EDTA-containing wastewater for ultrasonic reaction, keeping the wastewater free of dissolved oxygen and the pH value below 3 in the reaction process, and obtaining Cu0 on the surface of the proton exchange membrane after the reaction is completed. According to the method provided by the invention, the Cu and the EDTA can be recycled respectively, the reaction rate is high, the treatment process is simple, the copper and the EDTA are converted into resources which can be directly recycled, and the time and the economic cost are saved.

The invention relates to a preparation method and system of high-molecular-weight polyethylene glycol oxalate, and the preparation method comprises the following steps: adding oxalic acid diester, ethylene glycol and a first catalyst, and carrying out transesterification to obtain an ester; adding a second catalyst, and carrying out a pre-polycondensation reaction on the esterified product to obtain a glycol oxalate oligomer; polymerizing the ethylene glycol oxalate oligomer, and carrying out final polymerization reaction to obtain polyethylene glycol oxalate; the molar ratio of the oxalic acid diester to the ethylene glycol is (1.05-1.3): 1. Compared with the prior art, by controlling excessive oxalic acid diester in the raw material ratio, namely controlling the molar ratio of oxalic acid diester to ethylene glycol to be greater than 1, the reaction rate of ethylene glycol is improved, self-polycondensation of ethylene glycol is prevented, further increase of molecular weight is facilitated, and meanwhile, the thermal performance of the product is improved.

The invention discloses a sintering flue gas desulfurization and denitrification method and a device thereof, relates to the technical field of desulfurization and denitrification, and solves the technical problems of low desulfurization and denitrification efficiency, relatively high ammonia escape rate and increased operation cost caused by insufficient control accuracy and difficulty in real-time and efficient adjustment of desulfurization and denitrification process parameters. The distributed sensors are deployed to collect key parameters in real time, a mathematical model and a PID control algorithm are combined, the spraying amount of the desulfurizing agent, the ammonia escape rate and the catalyst operation temperature can be dynamically adjusted according to real-time data, accurate control over the desulfurization and denitrification process is achieved, the desulfurization and denitrification efficiency is improved, the ammonia escape rate is reduced, and resource waste is reduced; according to NOx concentration differences and reaction rate constants in different areas, the ammonia spraying amount is finely adjusted, the denitration effect is further improved, and it is ensured that flue gas emission reaches the standard.

The invention belongs to the field of temperature control, and particularly relates to a reaction kettle temperature control method and system for synthesizing isothiocyanate. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring temperature, material concentration and coolant flow in a kettle in real time, calculating a reaction rate estimated value through a nonlinear mixed model, and calculating an active factor by combining catalyst input time and an index inactivation function; performing unequal weight combination on the three parameters to generate a scheduling variable, and calculating a current value and a second-order difference value of the scheduling variable; selecting a reference state space model according to the current value of the scheduling variable, and correcting the matrix by using a second-order difference value to obtain an LPV model; constructing a quadratic programming optimization problem, wherein an objective function comprises a temperature tracking error penalty term and a control input increment penalty term for adjusting the weight; when the temperature deviation exceeds the threshold value continuously, a control input value penalty term is added; and solving an optimization problem and outputting a first element of the control sequence to a temperature control execution mechanism. According to the invention, the temperature control precision and stability of the isothiocyanate synthesis reaction kettle are improved.

The invention discloses a method for efficiently depolymerizing waste PET polyester at low temperature, which comprises the following steps of: dissolving a cleaned and dried PET material with a good solvent, and distilling to recover the solvent after the PET material is completely dissolved, so as to obtain a PET sample; mixing the treated PET sample with a catalyst, ethylene glycol and a cosolvent, putting the mixture into a pressure-resistant reaction tube, stirring and reacting for a certain time at a specific temperature, and then ending the reaction; carrying out reduced pressure distillation on the reaction liquid to recover the cosolvent; stirring the residual solution in hot water for a certain time, performing hot filtration, washing and drying filter residues with hot water, refrigerating filtrate in a refrigerator, filtering, collecting solids, and drying to obtain the product. The method has the advantages of simplicity in operation, low reaction temperature, high reaction rate, no metal ions and the like, and can realize green and efficient recovery of waste polyester; the method can be applied to the fields of polyester fibers, bottle flakes, films and the like, and has relatively high industrial feasibility and application prospects.

The invention relates to a method for preparing lithium sulfide at low temperature by microwave molten salt assisted carbon disulfide-lithium salt reaction, and belongs to the technical field of key materials of lithium-sulfur batteries and solid-state batteries. The technical problems of high energy consumption, difficulty in inhibiting by-products, insufficient purity and crystal phase stability, difficulty in continuous amplification and the like in the existing lithium sulfide preparation process are solved. Comprising the following steps: step 1, performing crushing, screening and grading treatment on lithium source powder; step 2, placing the treated lithium source powder and molten salt in a closed reactor, and introducing CS2 in a gas or liquid form; 3, applying microwave radiation, and reacting at a gas-solid-liquid multiphase interface to generate lithium sulfide; and 4, cooling the material after the reaction to room temperature, separating and recovering the fused salt to obtain the lithium sulfide powder. The method is low in reaction temperature, low in energy consumption, high in reaction rate, high in product purity and suitable for continuous and industrial production.

The invention belongs to the technical field of dry pulverized coal gasifiers, and discloses an experimental method for CaO to catalyze high-temperature coke high-pressure gasification reaction under different atmospheres, which comprises the following specific steps: step 1, preparing experimental raw materials and pretreating to select representative coal types; the diffusion environment of the industrial gasifier is simulated by establishing a cooperative regulation and control mechanism of pressure, gas velocity and pore structure, the thickness of a boundary layer is calculated according to the Fick diffusion law, a diffusion resistance quantitative relational expression is constructed for dynamic correction, and a variable diffusion strength experimental group is designed to quantify diffusion contribution. The diffusion and reaction rate ratio is quantitatively evaluated through a Weber number model, a catalysis and blank control synchronous experiment is carried out at the same time, a catalysis efficiency factor is calculated, a catalysis-diffusion synergistic phase diagram is drawn, and a reaction control region, a diffusion control region and a transition region are definitely defined; and the risk that the reaction stagnation caused by the fact that the high-pressure diffusion retardation effect is misjudged as catalytic activity attenuation or pore collapse is mistakenly attributed to catalyst deactivation is eliminated.

The utility model discloses an SCR waste catalyst recovery device in the field of SCR waste catalyst recovery, which comprises a bottom plate, support rods and a reaction box, the support rods are fixedly connected to the edge positions of four corners of the top of the bottom plate, the reaction box is fixedly connected to the top ends of the support rods, a feed pipe is fixedly connected to the front part of the top of the reaction box, and the feed pipe is fixedly connected to the bottom of the bottom plate. According to the recovery device for the SCR waste catalyst, the waste catalyst is damaged, the size is reduced, the reaction area of the waste catalyst and a chemical agent is increased, the reaction rate is increased, meanwhile, a driving bevel gear is driven to rotate through starting of a first motor, the rotating directions of an upper driven bevel gear and a lower driven bevel gear are opposite, and therefore the waste catalyst is recycled. The rotating rod and the hollow pipe rotate in opposite directions, the first stirring rod and the second stirring rod are driven to rotate in opposite directions, reactants are stirred in different directions, a waste catalyst and a chemical agent are fully mixed, full reaction is facilitated, and insufficient reaction is prevented.

The present invention relates to a method for preparing a thermosetting polyurethane elastomer for 3D printing, belonging to the field of rapid prototyping and manufacturing technology. This method utilizes a blocked isocyanate process to quantitatively control the reaction rate of a highly reactive polyurethane system, thereby obtaining a single-component thermosetting polyurethane elastomer stock solution. A polyurethane prepolymer is prepared using diisocyanate and oligomer polyol as raw materials. A blocked prepolymer is then prepared using an active hydrogen-containing blocking agent and a blocked prepolymer. A metered diamine chain extender and catalyst are then added to obtain a single-component thermosetting polyurethane elastomer stock solution. This method quantitatively controls the reaction rate of the highly reactive polyurethane system. The polyurethane elastomer stock solution is stable and low-toxic upon storage at room temperature. The raw material viscosity is adjusted by heating to meet the viscosity requirements for 3D printing, thereby achieving the green production of high-performance polyurethane elastomers.

The invention relates to the technical field of UV (ultraviolet) pouring sealants, in particular to a UV pouring sealant for lamp beads and a preparation method thereof, and the UV pouring sealant for the lamp beads is prepared from the following components in percentage by weight: 30 to 40 parts of oligomer, 10 to 15 parts of trifunctional acrylate monomer, 40 to 60 parts of single-tube acrylate monomer and 0.2 to 5 parts of photoinitiator. After the curing agent is used, the reaction speed and the crosslinking density are improved, the reaction speed and the water resistance are greatly improved, the anti-yellowing performance is further improved, deep curing can be realized, and the yellowing resistance is improved.

The invention discloses a Ru-Mn2O3 / MnO2 composite material used as an acidic OER electrocatalyst and a preparation method of the Ru-Mn2O3 / MnO2 composite material. The preparation method of the composite material comprises the following steps: calcining prepared MnO2 nano powder as a reaction precursor by using an ultrafast sintering technology to obtain a Mn2O3 / MnO2 composite material; and preparing a uniformly dispersed aqueous solution from the MnO2 and ruthenium chloride hydrate, and obtaining Ru-Mn2O3 / MnO2 by utilizing the principle of electrochemical replacement reaction. The preparation method disclosed by the invention has the advantages of low raw material cost, mild reaction conditions, high reaction rate, energy conservation, environment friendliness and the like; according to the preparation method disclosed by the invention, the Mn2O3 / MnO2 composite material is prepared by regulating and controlling the ultra-fast sintering reaction temperature; the Ru-Mn2O3 / MnO2 composite material prepared by the invention is used as an OER electrocatalyst, has low overpotential in an oxygen evolution reaction under an acidic condition, and shows a good acidic electrocatalytic oxygen production application prospect.

The invention relates to a method for preparing methylsulfonyl fluoride from methylsulfonyl chloride, which comprises the following steps: by taking methylsulfonyl chloride as a raw material, adding a fluorination catalyst and anhydrous hydrogen fluoride as a fluorinating agent, and continuously reacting in an HL microchannel reactor to prepare methylsulfonyl fluoride, the HL microchannel reactor is of a three-stage nested microchannel structure, a first-stage mixing area is a conical spiral channel, a second-stage reaction area is a snakelike corrugated channel, and a third-stage extension area is a straight channel. The reaction rate is high, the unit consumption of anhydrous hydrogen fluoride serving as a fluorinating agent is low, the raw material cost is saved, the preparation cost is greatly reduced, and compared with a conventional tank reactor, the HL microchannel reactor is high in reaction rate, convenient to clean, capable of saving manpower, capable of achieving continuous preparation and convenient to achieve large-scale industrialization.

The invention relates to the technical field of oil and gas field exploitation, and discloses a pressure-resistant quartz sand proppant and a preparation process and application thereof, and the proppant is composed of a quartz sand base material and a multi-layer composite coating coated on the quartz sand base material. The interface grafting layer is chemically bonded with the surface of quartz sand through a silane coupling agent; a latent acid source is utilized to slowly release acid under a heating condition, the sodium silicate in-situ hydrolysis condensation polymerization rate is accurately regulated and controlled, and nano silicon dioxide is used as a nucleation point to construct a compact inorganic nano composite inner shell; the outermost layer is coated with the organic toughening shell. According to the preparation method, the reaction process of the inorganic inner shell is accurately regulated and controlled, and the interface grafting and outer layer toughening technology is combined, so that a synergistically enhanced composite structure among the coatings is formed. According to the structure, the quartz sand propping agent is endowed with extremely low compaction breakage rate and excellent long-term flow conductivity, and the fracturing operation requirements under high-temperature and high-pressure harsh conditions of deep wells, ultra-deep wells and the like can be met.

The invention relates to the technical field of KR desulfurization, in particular to an improved KR desulfurization method. Comprising the following steps: (1) preparing a stirring tank and a stirring paddle; (2) formulating a planned desulfurization amount according to the components of molten iron and the type of produced steel, and determining the use amount of a desulfurizing agent according to the temperature of supplied molten iron; (3) two stirring paddles are inserted into the molten iron in the stirring chambers on the two sides of the stirring tank, and the desulfurizing agent is blown into the molten iron through the blowing holes while stirring is conducted; (4) after discharging of the desulfurizing agent is completed, the insertion depth and the rotating speed of the stirring paddle are adjusted in different time periods; and (5) slagging-off operation is conducted after stirring is completed, temperature measurement and sampling are conducted on the molten iron after slagging-off is completed, and finally a heat preservation agent is added for heat preservation. The KR desulfurization method disclosed by the invention can be used for efficiently and uniformly mixing, accelerating the desulfurization reaction rate, improving the desulfurization efficiency, reducing the temperature drop and saving the time cost.

The present invention provides a method for preparing silver-coated copper powder, which relates to the technical field of metal powder preparation. This preparation method directly prepares a copper core by chemical reduction method, then uses electroless plating method to grow a silver layer on its surface, and finally uses jet milling to improve the density of the powder. In the present invention, reducing agents with different reduction effects are added twice to reduce copper sulfate, which reduces the initial reaction rate, makes the whole reaction stable, and improves the sphericity of copper crystal nuclei. At the same time, sulfate radicals in the reaction system can form silver sulfate precipitation with silver ions in the subsequent reaction, further slowing down the reduction rate of silver ammonia complex ions and enabling the dense growth of the silver layer. At the same time, the unreacted completely glucose remaining in the reaction system can continue to reduce silver ammonia complex ions when silver ammonia solution is added dropwise later. By strictly controlling the growth rate of silver powder from crystal seeds to particles, the present invention reduces the structural defects caused by rapid growth and improves the performance of the final product.

The invention relates to a self-supporting electrode and a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of new energy and alkaline electro-catalytic water decomposition. A preparation method of a self-supporting electrode comprises the following steps: taking a nickel net, foamed nickel or a stainless steel net as a substrate, taking deionized water containing a ferric iron compound and phosphate as an etching solution, soaking the substrate in the etching solution at room temperature, taking out the substrate, and drying at room temperature to obtain a surface-modified self-supporting electrode; according to the method, PO4 < 3-> is introduced while the Fe / M self-supporting electrode is synthesized through a one-step etching method, so that the free energy of * OH and * O intermediates is adjusted, the valence state is adjusted, and the oxygen evolution reaction rate is increased; meanwhile, PO4 < 3-> and Fe sites act, so that the Fe coordination sites are stabilized, and precipitation of iron is prevented; the self-supporting electrode prepared by using a room-temperature one-step chemical etching method not only has good water electrolysis oxygen evolution reaction activity, stability and repeatability, but also is simple and rapid in preparation process and low in cost, and large-scale industrial production can be realized.

The invention relates to the field of inorganic material preparation, and provides a bismuth hydroxide material and a preparation method thereof. The bismuth hydroxide is sphere-like nano-particles with the particle size of 85-175 nm, the dispersity is good, and the purity exceeds 99.8%. The preparation method comprises the following steps: preparing a micelle solution from a polyethylene glycol-polylactic acid (PEG-PLA) block copolymer, adding bismuth salt into the micelle solution, carrying out a reaction, and carrying out centrifugation, washing and vacuum drying to obtain the product. Due to the unique amphipathy of the PEG-PLA micelle, bismuth ions are uniformly distributed, and the uniformity of particles is improved; the hydrophilic chain segment forms steric hindrance to inhibit particle aggregation; meanwhile, the reaction rate is slowed down, and high-concentration ammonia water is combined to ensure high purity of the product. The method overcomes the problems of uneven particle size and agglomeration in traditional preparation.

The invention relates to the field of polyimide films, and discloses a catalytic polyimide film preparation method, which comprises: S1, preparing a prepolymer, dissolving a fluorine-containing diamine monomer in a polar solvent, placing in a reaction kettle, adding an aromatic dianhydride monomer at a low temperature of 0-10 DEG C, stirring, mixing, and reacting to generate a polyamide acid solution; s2, primary catalysis: adding an organic base catalyst into the polyamide acid solution prepared in the step S1; s3, second-stage catalysis: after the step S2 is completed, adding a coordination type organic basic catalyst into the first-stage catalyst; and S4, film formation and post-treatment. Amidation and ring-closure reactions are promoted in stages through the synergistic effect of the double catalysts, the reaction rate matching performance is remarkably improved, accurate control over molecular chains is achieved, a high-purity polymer matrix with uniform molecular weight distribution and complete ring closure is obtained, and the structural uniformity and mechanical strength of the film are fundamentally improved; the structure defect caused by incomplete reaction under a traditional single catalytic system is avoided.

The invention relates to the technical field of digestion, in particular to a pretreatment method for digesting a glass substrate. The pretreatment method comprises the following four key steps: firstly, crushing and grinding a glass substrate sample into powder so as to increase the contact area and accelerate the subsequent reaction speed; next, adding a mixture of ammonium bifluoride and ammonium fluoride and the powder sample into a polytetrafluoroethylene beaker, adding a small amount of water for wetting, and then adding concentrated hydrochloric acid and concentrated nitric acid to effectively promote the dissolution of the sample; then, the beaker is placed on a heating plate to be heated and digested, and after it is confirmed that the sample is completely digested by monitoring the state of the solution, the sample is cooled to the room temperature. And finally, transferring the digestion solution to a volumetric flask, rinsing the original beaker for multiple times with pure water, and diluting to a constant volume. According to the method, the digestion time is remarkably shortened, the background interference is reduced, the detection precision is improved, and the method is particularly suitable for the requirements of high-end analysis equipment such as AAS and ICP.

The utility model discloses a methane preparation device easy to control, and particularly relates to the field of methane preparation control, the methane preparation device easy to control comprises a main loop and a sub-loop, the main loop comprises a reactor unit, a heating unit, a multi-section gas supply unit and a pressure control unit; the sub-loop comprises a cooling unit, a product separation unit, a data acquisition and control unit, a safety monitoring and alarm unit and a display and operation interface; wherein the multi-section gas supply unit comprises a segmented gas storage tank, a flow controller and a high-speed electrostatic mixer, and the appropriate inflow amount of gas is evaluated and controlled by monitoring a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor and a reaction rate sensor; the reactor unit is connected in series with the heating unit through a fluid pipeline. According to the multi-section gas supply unit, through the combination of a sectional gas storage tank, a flow controller and a high-speed electrostatic mixer, the gas inflow amount is accurately controlled, the accurate proportion of reactants is ensured, and therefore the reaction efficiency and the product purity are improved.

Provided herein are methods of determining the reactivity of one or more minerals present within a geological formation within a target zone in response to the injection of CO2 into the target zone. For example, the methods may comprise one or more of the following steps: (1) determining one or more mineral and fluid characteristics of a geological formation comprising one or more minerals; (2) using a reaction rate model to characterize the chemical reactivity of one or more minerals present in a target zone of the geological formation in response to injection of CO2 into the target zone; (3) using a reactivity index model to estimate the amount of one or more minerals in the target zone that would be modified between a first time point and a second point during a CO2 injection and sequestration operation; and (4) injecting an amount of CO2 into the target zone based on the estimated reactivity of the one or more minerals present in the target zone.

Disclosed herein, in some aspects, are systems and methods for producing a material comprising iron through self-reduction of iron ore using bio-oil and / or other reducing agents (e.g., bio-based reducing agents), such as biocrude, ethanol, or other bio-based liquids or biologically sourced liquids. The bio-oil and / or other reducing agents can be mixed with the iron ore to form a furnace mixture, which can be heated, such that the components of the bio-oil and / or other reducing agents in the furnace mixture reduce the iron ore to form an iron product (e.g., a material that includes metallic iron). In some cases, the pre-formed furnace mixture allows for the reducing agents to interact with the iron more readily, thereby providing for quicker reaction rates, and thereby quicker reduction of iron ore, as compared to direct reduction iron production.