The invention belongs to the technical field of computer measurement, and particularly relates to a rapid phase unwrapping method based on quality diagram region segmentation. The rapid phase unwrapping method includes the steps of capturing wrapped phase diagrams obtained through processing with a camera, calculating quality diagrams according to the wrapped phase diagrams, filtering the quality diagrams with a phase differential-difference algorithm, automatically obtaining a region segmentation threshold value, dividing the wrapped phase diagrams into regions with different priorities with the obtained region segmentation threshold value, completing region phase unwrapping with a simple path tracking phase unwrapping algorithm, conducting phase unwrapping, and combining sets after phase unwrapping according to the priority sequence from high to low. By means of the rapid phase unwrapping method, the simple path tracking phase unwrapping algorithm based on region segmentation is adopted, and the phase unwrapping speed can be quickened on the premise that the phase unwrapping accuracy is not reduced to the greatest extent. By means of the rapid phase unwrapping method, the requirements for high accuracy, rapid unwrapping, noise jamming resistance and the like of structured light vision three-dimensional measurement are met.