The invention discloses a synchronous acquisition and calibration method for three-dimensional multi-parameter weighted magnetic resonance imaging. A three-dimensional/two-dimensional fast multi-echo water-fat separation sequence and a signal debugging method, a pre-scanning method, a scanning method, a data preprocessing method and an image reconstruction method thereof can obtain a water-fat separation image and T2 weighted (T1 weighted or PD weighted) image by one-time scanning. The three-dimensional multi-parameter weighted synchronous scanning and calibration method can maximize the number of images obtained in a single scan, including, an in-phase image, a reverse-phase image, a fat image, a fat-pressed image water, a conventional T2 weighted (or T1 weighted/PD weighted ) image, and a T2weighted images, significantly shortens clinical scanning time and increases the selectivity of clinical scanning schemes, and has less reliance on the hardware performance of an MRI system.