424 results about "Grating pattern" patented technology

Diffractive pigment flakes are selectively aligned to form an image. In one embodiment, flakes having a magnetic layer are shaped to facilitate alignment in a magnetic field. In another embodiment, the flakes include a magnetically discontinuous layer. In a particular embodiment, deposition of nickel on a diffraction grating pattern produces magnetic needles along the grating pattern that allow magnetic alignment of the resulting diffractive pigment flakes. Color scans of test samples of magnetically aligned flakes show high differentiation between illumination parallel and perpendicular to the direction of alignment of the magnetic diffractive pigment flakes.

A method and apparatus for determining optical mask corrections for photolithography. A plurality of grating patterns is printed onto a wafer utilizing a photomask having at least one grating. Each grating pattern within the plurality of grating patterns is associated with known photolithographic settings. Each grating pattern is illuminated independently with a light source, so that light is diffracted off each grating pattern. The diffracted light is measured utilizing scatterometry techniques to determine measured diffracted values. The measured diffracted values are compared to values in a library to determine a profile match. A 2-dimensional profile description is assigned to each grating pattern based on the profile match. A database is compiled of the profile descriptions for the plurality of grating patterns. Photomask design rules are then generated by accessing the database containing the 2-dimensional profile descriptions. In preferred embodiments, the design rules are used to create and correct masks containing OPC corrections, phase-shifting mask corrections and binary masks. In a preferred embodiment the at least one grating is a bi-periodic grating. In a preferred embodiment, the scatterometry technique is optical digital profilometry utilizing a reflectometer or ellipsometer.

A method for reducing lens aberrations sensitivity and proximity effects of alternating phase shifted masks is described. The critical features of a chip design layout are first identified. Multiple, narrow phase regions and auxiliary phase transitions, which provide additional opaque features, are then formed alongside the critical features such that a grating pattern of substantially uniform pitch is printed. Together with a complementary trim mask, the circuit pattern so delineated has reduced sensitivity to lens aberrations and proximity effects.

A radiological image detection apparatus includes a first grating unit, a grating pattern unit, a radiological image detector, and an anti-scatter grating. The grating pattern unit has a period that substantially coincides with a pattern period of a radiological image formed by radiation having passed through the first grating unit. The radiological image detector detects the radiological image masked by the grating pattern unit. The anti-scatter grating is arranged on a path of the radiation incident onto the radiological image detector and removes scattered radiation. A smoothing process is performed for at least one of a surface and a backside of the anti-scatter grating intersecting with a traveling direction of the radiation.

A display apparatus includes a scanning assembly that scans about two or more axes, typically in a raster pattern. A plurality of light sources emit light from spaced apart locations toward the scanning assembly such that the scanning assembly simultaneously scans more than one of the beams. The light sources are positioned such that their beams each illuminate discrete regions of the image field that are substantially non-overlapping with respect to the other discrete regions. The image is thus formed from a set of “tiles”. By activating a first light source during a forward sweep of the mirror and activating a second light source during a reverse sweep of the mirror, two halves a common line can be written during a single sweep of the mirror. Shifting the position of the sources such that the two halves are aligned reduces raster pinch. In alternative embodiments, the same approach is used for imaging. Also, various approaches to controlling the frequency responses of the various scanners are described, including active control of MEMs scanners and passive frequency tuning.

A MEM s scanning device has a variable resonant frequency. In one embodiment, the MEMs device includes a torsion arm that supports an oscillatory body. In one embodiment, an array of removable masses are placed on an exposed portion of the oscillatory body and selectively removed to establish the resonant frequency. The material can be removed by laser ablation, etching, or other processing approaches. In another approach, a migratory material is placed on the torsion arm and selectively stimulated to migrate into the torsion arm, thereby changing the mechanical properties of the torsion arm. The changed mechanical properties in turn changes the resonant frequency of the torsion arm. In another approach, symmetrically distributed masses are removed or added in response to a measured resonant frequency to tune the resonant frequency to a desired resonant frequency. A display apparatus includes the scanning device and the scanning device scans about two or more axes, typically in a raster pattern. Various approaches to controlling the frequency responses of the scanning device are described, including active control of MEMs scanners and passive frequency tuning.

A display apparatus includes a scanning assembly that scans about two or more axes, typically in a raster pattern. A plurality of light sources emit light from spaced apart locations toward the scanning assembly such that the scanning assembly simultaneously scans more than one of the beams. The scanning assembly includes a plurality of mirrors that sweep their respective beams through respective regions of an image field. The regions are immediately adjacent so that an overall image is produced by “tiling” of the regions. Because sweeps of the scanning assembly scan a plurality of tiles simultaneously the resolution and/or field of view of a display for a given scan angle and mirror size is increased relative to a single mirror sweeping a single beam. In alternative embodiments, tiling is used for imaging. Also, various approaches to controlling the frequency responses of the various scanners are described, including active control of MEMs scanners and passive frequency tuning.

An inspection method for inspecting a device mounted on a substrate, includes generating a shape template of the device, acquiring height information of each pixel by projecting grating pattern light onto the substrate through a projecting section, generating a contrast map corresponding to the height information of each pixel, and comparing the contrast map with the shape template. Thus, a measurement object may be exactly extracted.

Pattern recognition targets including regions of one or more layers of gratings are used for semiconductor fabrication wafer alignment. Grates of the gratings are below the resolution limit of the alignment microscopes, and have dimensions compatible with design rules applied to actual device circuitry. Targets may be located by the contrast of light 0racted back from the regions and through a numerical aperture of the microscope. Target contrast may be achieved by controlling the diffractive properties of the regions. A grating with a pitch that causes a significant amount light to diffract out of the numerical aperture will appear darker, while a grating with a pitch that produces minimal diffraction with appear much brighter. Moreover, for a darker causing pitch, a region of layers gratings having grates stacked on each other can appear even darker, while a region having layers of grates interleaved can appear even brighter.

An X-ray imaging apparatus includes a diffraction grating device. The diffraction grating device has a composite grating, including small grating plates having radiopaque areas and radio-transparent areas arranged in a grating pattern, and a first support plate being radio-transparent, for receiving the small grating plates secured thereto. A first holding plate being radio-transparent retains the composite grating thereon. The first holding plate includes a concave surface for retaining and curving the composite grating. A second holding plate being radio-transparent is secured to the composite grating, for sandwiching in cooperation with the first holding plate. Also, an opening is formed in each of the holding plates to open in an area of the small grating plates. A clamping cap squeezes the holding plates for sealing. Also, a second support plate being radio-transparent sandwiches the small grating plates with the first support plate.

The invention provides 16-step dual-frequency grating phase shift profilometry capable of absolute phase unwrapping in the three-dimensional sensor technology. The invention is characterized by usingcomputers to design codes to generate 16 dual-frequency grating patterns, using a digital light projector to image the grating patterns on the surface of an object instantaneously in sequence, using apick-up device to record the deforming fringe pattern of the object, subsequently using the functional relationship between the gratings with two frequencies, using the absolute phase unwrapping method to directly realize phase unwrapping of point to point in the whole field range and having no relation with the path for phase unwrapping, effectively inhibiting accumulative error diffusion, usingphase measuring profilometry to process the deforming fringes, accurately restoring the three-dimensional shape of the object and obtaining such digital information as deformation of the object and the like by further analyzing the data processing results. The method can be used for measurement study of the characteristics of the object surface with the characteristic of diffuse reflection. The method has the advantages of high measurement precision and strong adaptability to the surface topography of the object, etc.

A device has a scale on which a grating pattern is formed, a light source to irradiate light on the scale, a wavelength plate to transform multiple diffracted lights from the light source into circular polarized light, respectively, an optical element to superposition and cause interference of the multiple diffracted lights, and a photodetector to receive the interfered light. Also, a generating unit to generate linearly polarized light by the light from the light source, so that the multiple diffracted lights input to the wavelength plate become linearly polarized light with a same mutual polarization direction.

A MEMs scanning device has a variable resonant frequency. In one embodiment, the MEMs device includes a torsion arm that supports an oscillatory body. In one embodiment, an array of removable masses are placed on an exposed portion of the oscillatory body and selectively removed to establish the resonant frequency. The material can be removed by laser ablation, etching, or other processing approaches. In another approach, a migratory material is placed on the torsion arm and selectively stimulated to migrate into the torsion arm, thereby changing the mechanical properties of the torsion arm. The changed mechanical properties in turn changes the resonant frequency of the torsion arm. In another approach, symmetrically distributed masses are removed or added in response to a measured resonant frequency to tune the resonant frequency to a desired resonant frequency. A display apparatus includes the scanning device and the scanning device scans about two or more axes, typically in a raster pattern. Various approaches to controlling the frequency responses of the scanning device are described, including active control of MEMs scanners and passive frequency tuning.

A diffractive imaging lens 10 includes a surface on which a diffraction grating pattern is formed. The diffraction grating pattern is formed of a plurality of steps formed concentrically with an optical axis (25) at a center. The diffraction grating pattern is formed such that a first portion where amounts (di) of the steps are substantially the same in a radial direction of concentric circles and a second portion, outside of the first portion, where amounts (di) of the steps decrease with distance from the optical axis 25 are provided, or such that the amounts (di) of the steps decrease with distance from the optical axis 25 over the entire diffraction grating pattern.

A scanning apparatus and method, the apparatus comprising: a light transmission means (90) having an exit tip; first and second drive means (92,94) for resonantly driving the light transmission means (90) in orthogonal directions; wherein the first and second drive means (92,94) are operable to move the tip in an elliptical pattern while varying the eccentricity of the elliptical pattern, whereby a portion of the elliptical pattern having a centre on the minor axis of the elliptical pattern approximates—at least in appearance—a raster pattern.

An imprint apparatus includes a detector and an adjusting device. A second mark formed on a substrate includes a grating pattern having grating pitches in first and second directions which are respectively parallel to first and second axes which are parallel to a pattern surface of a mold and orthogonal to each other. A first mark formed on the mold includes a grating pattern having a grating pitch in the first direction. The first and second marks have different grating pitches in the first direction. The detector includes an image sensor, and an optical system which forms a moire fringe on an image sensing surface of the image sensor. The adjusting device adjusts, in a plane including the second axis and a third axis that is perpendicular to the first and second axes, an angle between the optical axis of the detector and the third axis.

Optical filter devices in accordance with the invention are based on tapered optical fibers having transversely distributed refractive index variations in a small diameter waist region where waves are propagated in combined cladding/air-guided modes. The grating has a periodicity selected for reflection of a selected center wavelength and the waist diameter and grating pattern split the wavelengths of the lossy cladding modes from the backreflected signals by more than 10 nm. Such wavelength selective optical fiber devices have a variety of applications. In one application, a tapered fiber grating with optical circulators is used to add or drop optical signals for communication via a common transmission path. In another application, the tapered fiber grating is used with grating assisted mode couplers and circulators to form an add/drop multiplexer. In another application, these components are used with optical switches to produce programmable add/drop filters and crossconnects.

The invention provides a coating which can repeatedly reproduce and transfer grating patterns obtained by mould pressing to the surface of a printing stock. The coating comprises the weight components: 30-40% of modified acrylic resin, 10-25% of firming agent, 0.15-0.5% of catalyzer and 40-55% of solvent; wherein, the modified acrylic resin comprises acrylic resin or DHMP, acylic acid hydroxy ester, epoxide resin, organic silicon resin containing hydroxide radical, evocating agent and solvent. The coating has suitable mould pressing strength, good surface compactness, difficult permeable solvent and low surface tension, still has clear grating pattern after mould pressing in the situation of repeated peeling. The invention also provides a template membrane which can repeatedly reproduce and transfer the grating patterns obtained by mould pressing; the template membrane comprises a base membrane and the coating fixedly overlaid on the base membrane. The coating forms the grating patterns by mould pressing. The template membrane can continuously reproduce the grating patterns to the printing stocks such as papers or plastic glass and the like by only a primary mould pressing by releasing layers or adhesive layers, thus saving working procedures and greatly reducing production costs.