The invention provides a welding line vision tracking system and method based on laser structural light. The welding line vision tracking system and method based on laser structural light comprises avision tracking module, a robot module, a welding gun module and a communication module; the vision tracking module comprises a CCD camera, a structural light laser device, an image collecting card and a controller for processing laser welding line images; the CCD camera and the structural light laser device in the vision tracking module are mounted on the robot module through a three-dimensionalmotion measuring system, the controller transmits data to the robot module and the welding gun module through the communication module, a coordinate identifying device is arranged in the robot moduleand is used for being determined as reference identifying points, and according to the method used by the system, a series of images are treated, and use of the welding gun is controlled. The weldingrobot can achieve real-time automatic deviation correcting in the welding process, welding line quality is improved, the application range of the welding robot is expanded, due to application of the welding line vision sensing tracking technology, quality and precision of the welding part can be improved, the product production period can be shortened, and production efficiency of products can beimproved.