4104 results about "Lambda" patented technology

The present invention provides a laminated retardation optical element that never lowers contrast and thus never degrades display performance even when placed between a liquid crystal cell and a lambda/4 retardation film. In a liquid crystal display 90, a laminated retardation optical element 10 is placed between a polarizer 102A on the incident side and a liquid crystal cell 104, and a lambda/4 retardation film 102C is placed between a polarizer 102B on the emergent side and the liquid crystal cell 104. The laminated retardation optical element 10 comprises: a lambda/4 retardation layer 14 having the function of bringing, to light that passes through this retardation layer, a phase difference corresponding to a quarter of the wavelength of the light; and a C plate-type retardation layer 16 that acts as a negative C plate. The lambda/4 retardation layer 14 and the C plate-type retardation layer 16 are laminated to a transparent substrate 12 in the order mentioned, and are optically bonded to each other. The lambda/4 retardation layer 14 comprises as its main component a horizontally-aligned, cross-linked nematic liquid crystal, while the C plate-type retardation layer 16 comprises as its main component a cross-linked chiral nematic liquid crystal (a cross-linked nematic liquid crystal and a cross-linked chiral agent) or cross-linked discotic liquid crystal.

Methods for producing an antireflection surface (6) on an optical element (1) made of a material that is transparent at a useful-light wavelength λ in the UV region, preferably at 193 nm. A first method includes: applying a layer (3) of an inorganic, non-metallic material, which forms nanostructures (4) and is transparent to the useful-light wavelength λ, onto a surface (2) of the optical element (1); and etching the surface (2) while using the nanostructures (4) of the layer (3) as an etching mask for forming preferably pyramid-shaped or conical sub-lambda structures (5) in the surface (2). In a second method, the sub-lambda structures are produced without using an etching mask. An associated optical element (1) includes such an antireflection surface (6), and an associated optical arrangement includes such an optical element (1).

In a procedure to recognize the gas composition of a gas mixture, which consists of at least two gases of preferably different diffusion properties, delivered to a wideband lambda sensor, especially a gas mixture of an exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle, whereby the lambda sensor has a pumping cell with at least one gas measurement chamber, provision is made for the recognition of the gas composition of the gas mixture to result by means of modulation of the gas in the gas measurement chamber. Preferably the air number in the gas measurement chamber of the pumping cell is periodically altered, whereby the sensitivity of the lambda sensor to the gases, of which there are at least two, likewise periodically changes.

The invention relates to a wireless-receiving system for detecting microelectronic mechanical microwave frequency and a preparation method thereof. The wireless-receiving system for detecting the microelectronic mechanical microwave frequency has quite simple structure, large measurement magnitude range, no direct-current power consumption and easy integration. In the system for detecting the microelectronic mechanical microwave frequency, gallium arsenide is used as a substrate, wherein a microwave antenna (A), a one-three power splitter (B), a coplanar waveguide transmission line (C), a two-in-one power combiner (D), an MEMS cantilever capacitive microwave power sensor (E) and an MEMS thermoelectric microwave power sensor (F) are designed on the substrate; and then a phase difference between a signal 3 and a signal 2 after the signal 3 passes through the coplanar waveguide transmission line with the length of lambda/2 can be determined according to a law of cosines. Because the phase difference corresponds to the frequency of the signal, the frequency of the signal can be measured.

A radiating member, an illuminating device, an electro-optical device, and an electronic device are provided which are capable of absorbing the heat generated from an LED, thereby increasing the amount of electric current flowable through the LED. More particularly, there are provided a point light source, a light guide plate for receiving the light radiated from the point light source, and a radiating plate including an adhesive layer formed to contact the point light source, and a metal layer formed over the adhesive layer and made of the material having a thermal conductivity (lambda) equal to or greater than 90 W/mK at room temperature.

The invention provides a mobile robot path planning algorithm based on single-chain sequential backtracking Q-learning. According to the mobile robot path planning algorithm based on the single-chain sequential backtracking Q-learning, a two-dimensional environment is expressed by using a grid method, each environment area block corresponds to a discrete location, the state of a mobile robot at some moment is expressed by an environment location where the robot is located, the search of each step of the mobile robot is based on a Q-learning iterative formula of a non-deterministic Markov decision process, progressively sequential backtracking is carried out from the Q value of the tail end of a single chain, namely the current state, to the Q value of the head end of the single chain until a target state is reached, the mobile robot cyclically and repeatedly finds out paths to the target state from an original state, the search of each step is carried out according to the steps, and Q values of states are continuously iterated and optimized until the Q values are converged. The mobile robot path planning algorithm based on the single-chain sequential backtracking Q-learning has the advantages that the number of steps required for optimal path searching is far less than that of a classic Q-learning algorithm and a Q(lambda) algorithm, the learning time is shorter, and the learning efficiency is higher; and particularly for large environments, the mobile robot path planning algorithm based on the single-chain sequential backtracking Q-learning has more obvious advantages.

An organic electroluminescence device in which the following total optical thickness is set at a value which enhances the intensity of the central wave length lambda ( lambda being selected in the ranges of 440 to 490 nm, 500 to 550 nm, and 600 to 650 nm) of the electroluminescence light emitted from the organic multi-layer part having a refractive index of 1.6 to 1.8: (1) in the construction of a substrate/a transparent electrode of a high refractivity/an organic multi-layer part/a cathode, the total optical thickness of the transparent electrode of a high refractivity and the organic multi-layer part; (2) in the construction of a substrate/an underlayer of a high refractivity/a transparent electrode/an organic multi-layer part/a cathode, the total optical thickness of the underlayer of a high refractivity, the transparent electrode, and the organic multi-layer part or the total optical thickness of the transparent electrode and the organic multi-layer part; and (3) in the construction of a substrate/a underlayer of a low refractivity/a transparent electrode/an organic multi-layer part/a cathode, the total optical thickness of the transparent electrode and the organic multi-layer part. The device has a simple construction and the color purity of the blue light emission is particularly increased.

The invention provides compositions and methods for inhibiting fractionation of immunoglobulins comprising a lambda light chain based on the observation that iron, in the presence of histidine, results in increased fragmentation of a recombinant fully human IgG molecule containing a lambda light chain due to cleavage in the hinge region. The invention further provides an aqueous pharmaceutical formulation comprising an antibody, or antigen-binding portion thereof, that binds the p40 subunit of IL-12/IL-23 and a buffer system comprising histidine, wherein the formulation has enhanced stability, including enhanced resistance to fragmentation.

An apparatus and method for recording spatially dependent intensity patterns of polarized light that is diffusely backscattered from highly scattering media are described. These intensity patterns can be used to differentiate different turbid media, such as polystyrene-sphere and biological-cell suspensions. Polarized light from a He-Ne laser ( lambda =543 nm) is focused onto the surface of the scattering medium, and a surface area of approximately 4x4 cm centered on the light input point is imaged through polarization analysis optics onto a CCD camera. A variety of intensity patterns may be observed by varying the polarization state of the incident laser light and changing the analyzer configuration to detect different polarization components of the backscattered light. Experimental results for polystyrene-sphere and Intralipid suspensions demonstrate that the radial and azimuthal variations of the observed pattern depend on the concentration, size, and anisotropy factor, g, of the particles constituting the scattering medium. Measurements performed on biological cell suspensions show that intensity patterns can be used to differentiate between suspensions of cancerous and non-cancerous cells. Introduction of the Mueller-matrix for diffusely backscattered light, permits the selection of a subset of measurements which comprehensively describes the optical properties of backscattering media.

A method of transitioning between operating modes in a multimode engine including a diesel-only mode and a diesel pilot, gas mode includes first terminating or initiating the supply of a gaseous fuel, depending on whether the system is transitioning to or from the pilot mode, and thereafter decreasing or increasing the diesel fuel supply quantity. Liquid fuel supply quantity is preferably altered in steps rather than discretely in order to avoid exceeding the lean limit of gas lambda. The number of steps and the percentage decrease or increase in each step preferably varies based at least in part on prevailing speed and load conditions.

To provide an ND filter and a light amount adjusting device, in which a deterioration of optical performance of an optical system is small, and in addition, an optical system having the light amount adjusting device, and an optical device having the optical system. More specifically, an ND filter according to the present invention includes: a base that transmits light having a predetermined wavelength lambda; and a filter member selectively formed on the base, in which: a transmittance of the filter member gradually changes in a region in a predetermined direction; and a phase difference which is produced between light transmitting through the filter member and light transmitting through a region on the base in which the filter member is not formed is lambda/5 or less in a boundary of the filter member.

The present invention provides an improved HRTF modeling technique for synthesizing HRTFs with varying degrees of smoothness and generalization. A plurality N of spatial characteristic function sets are regularized or smoothed before combination with corresponding Eigen filter functions, and summed to provide an HRTF (or HRIR) filter having improved smoothness in a continuous auditory space. A trade-off is allowed between accuracy in localization and smoothness by controlling the smoothness level of the regularizing models with a lambda factor. Improved smoothness in the HRTF filter allows the perception by the listener of a smoothly moving sound rendering free of annoying discontinuities creating clicks in the 3D sound.

One embodiment of the present invention includes a router comprising an ingress edge unit with one or more ports and an egress edge unit with one or more ports connected by a switch fabric. The ingress edge unit can receive optical data and convert the optical data into a plurality of micro lambdas. The ingress edge unit can convert the incoming data to micro lambdas by generating a series of short-term parallel data bursts across multiple wavelengths. The ingress edge unit can also wavelength division multiplex and time domain multiplex each micro lambda for transmission to the switch fabric in a particular order. The switch fabric can receive the plurality of micro lambdas and route the plurality of micro lambdas to the plurality of egress edge units in a non-blocking manner.

A phase change optical recording medium is provided wherein the power of the laser beam per unit area required in the initialization is reduced. The optical recording medium has a phase change recording layer satisfying the relations: A.sub.I.ltoreq.8.0%, and C.sub.I/A.sub.I.gtoreq.3.0 when the medium is initialized with a light beam having a wavelength .lambda..sub.I, and said recording layer exhibits a reflectivity A.sub.I in amorphous region and a reflectivity C.sub.I in crystalline region at said wavelength .lambda..sub.I.

The present invention relates to protection and restoration method for MPXS in optical mesh networks, particularly to protection and restoration method which can find and restore fast failures by configuring routing table with working label and protection label when failures occur at links or nodes. According to the present invention, by configuring a routing table consisted of working label and protection label and by setting an optical path as working path and protection path, data is transferred through the working path, and when a failure occurs in a optical path, data is transferred through a protection path by using a preliminarily configured protection label and by switching to. According to the present invention, by configuring routing table with working label and protection label, failures can be restored fast when failures occur at links or nodes, and whole network resources can be applicable.

A phase difference plate which comprises one sheet of polymer film containing a compound having a rod-shaped molecular structure and exhibiting a maximum absorption wavelength (lambdamax) of less than 250 nm in an ultraviolet spectrum of its solution and which exhibits a retardation value as measured at a wavelength of 450 nm (Re450) of 60 to 135 nm and a retardation value as measured at a wave-length of 590 nm (Re590) of 100 to 170 nm, where the relationship: Re590-Re450>=2 nm is satisfied. The phase difference plate functions as a lambda/4 plate.

The invention relates to a heat insulating layer on a metallic substrate for using for high temperatures, especially for temperatures above 1300° C. Starting with a base of La2Zr2O7, the properties of the heat insulating substance to be used as the heat insulating layer are regularly improved, by substituting lanthanum cations with ions of elements Nd, Eu, Dy, Sm and/or Gd. An additional, at least partial substitution of the zirconium cations by Ce, Hf or Ta is advantageous. Improving the properties results especially in a high thermal coefficient of dilation alpha and low heat conductivity lambda.