739 results about "Trade offs" patented technology

Carrier Interferometry (CI) provides wideband transmission protocols with frequency-band selectivity to improve interference rejection, reduce multipath fading, and enable operation across non-continuous frequency bands. Direct-sequence protocols, such as DS-CDMA, are provided with CI to greatly improve performance and reduce transceiver complexity. CI introduces families of orthogonal polyphase codes that can be used for channel coding, spreading, and/or multiple access. Unlike conventional DS-CDMA, CI coding is not necessary for energy spreading because a set of CI carriers has an inherently wide aggregate bandwidth. Instead, CI codes are used for channelization, energy smoothing in the frequency domain, and interference suppression. CI-based ultra-wideband protocols are implemented via frequency-domain processing to reduce synchronization problems, transceiver complexity, and poor multipath performance of conventional ultra-wideband systems. CI allows wideband protocols to be implemented with space-frequency processing and other array-processing techniques to provide either or both diversity combining and sub-space processing. CI also enables spatial processing without antenna arrays. Even the bandwidth efficiency of multicarrier protocols is greatly enhanced with CI. CI-based wavelets avoid time and frequency resolution trade-offs associated with conventional wavelet processing. CI-based Fourier transforms eliminate all multiplications, which greatly simplifies multi-frequency processing. The quantum-wave principles of CI improve all types of baseband and radio processing.

A system and method are disclosed for the management of WLANs in cases where unmanaged access points are present as well as with the addition or removal of access points. The disclosed system and method use signal data and network traffic statistics collected by mobile units to determine optimal configuration settings for the access points. The access point settings so managed can include the operating channel or center frequency, orthogonal signal coding used (optionally including the data rate), if any, and the transmission power. The solutions computed can account for the inherent trade-offs between wireless network coverage area and mutual interference that may arises when two or more access points use the same or overlapping frequency bands or channels and the same or similar signal coding.

A wireless communications system supporting multiple MIMO transmission modes supporting both diversity and directional transmissions under a plurality of different transmission modes comprises a plurality of transmit and receive antenna elements where the transmit antenna elements are arranged to provide polarization diversity. The transmitting station derives actual knowledge of the forward channel by feeding back certain information such as a preferred beam index and a channel quality indicator figure of merit for that beam from the receiving station to the transmitting station along a reverse channel. The receiving station knows the beam weights used by the transmitting station. The transmitting station applies the fed back information to transmit user data intended for the receiving station in the optimal fashion, such as along the preferred beam and at a time when forward channel conditions are satisfactory. The system provides robust single or multiple stream diversity transmission, together with the option of single user or multi-user beamforming to allow on-the-fly trade-offs between coverage gain and capacity in a wireless telecommunications system.

An F-inverted compact antenna for ultra-low volume Wireless Sensor Networks is developed with a volume of 0.024λ×0.06λ×0.076λ, ground plane included, where λ is a resonating frequency of the antenna. The radiation efficiency attained is 48.53% and the peak gain is −1.38 dB. The antenna is easily scaled to higher operating frequencies up to 2500 MHz bands with comparable performance. The antenna successfully transmits and receives signals with tolerable errors. It includes a standard PCB board with dielectric block thereon and helically contoured antenna wound from a copper wire attached to the dielectric block and oriented with the helix axis parallel to the PCB. The antenna demonstrates omnidirectional radiation patterns and is highly integratable with WSN, specifically in Smart Dust sensors. The antenna balances the trade offs between performance and overall size and may be manufactured with the use of milling technique and laser cutters.

Systems, methods, and devices for preparation of water for various uses including blood treatment are described. In embodiments, fluid is passed either by pump or passively by gravity feed, through various filtration elements from a fluid source to a treatment fluid container The latter forms a batch that may be used during treatment. Methods and systems for creating multiple-treatment batches are described. Advantages of creating a multitreatment batch include the fact that the burden of treatment preparation can be reduced and the timing of the preparation of the batch can be independent of the treatment time. As described, there are various trade-offs and concerns with this approach which are addressed by the inventive embodiments.

Improved techniques to utilize and manage a group of media items (or media assets) on a computing device are disclosed. The group of media items can be utilized and managed at a host computer for the host computer as well as a media device (e.g., media player) that can couple to the host computer. One popular example of a group of media items is know as a playlist, which can pertain to a group of audio tracks. One aspect pertains to providing a persistent media device playlist at a host computer. Another aspect pertains to imposing capacity limits to a playlist, such as a media device playlist. Still another aspect pertains to a graphical user interface that enables a user to trade-off storage capacity of a media device between media asset storage and data storage. Yet still another aspect pertains to a graphical user interface that assists a user with selecting media items to fill a group of media items.

Embodiments of the present invention generally relate to a system and method of processing data signals. More specifically, in one embodiment, system architecture splits mixing functions between client and server to enable dynamic switching between a client-server and a peer-to-peer paradigm. In another embodiment, architecture allows one to efficiently trade-off computation in the server and link bandwidth in the network. In another embodiment a system is provided to minimize computational load on server subject to link bandwidth constraint. In another embodiment a system is provided to maximize use of client computational resources. In another embodiment a system is provided to adapt to changing network environments and changing service requirements (e.g. number of clients).

An encrypted file storage solution consists of a cluster of processing nodes, external data storage, and a software agent (the “File System Watcher”), which is installed on the application servers. Cluster sizes of one node up to many hundreds of nodes are possible. There are also remote “Key Servers” which provide various services to one or more clusters. The preceding describes a preferred embodiment, though in some cases it may be desirable to “collapse” some of the functionality into a smaller number of hardware devices, typically trading off cost versus security and fault-tolerance.

Each pixel (21) includes a plurality of light emitting regions (11R, 11G, and 11B) corresponding R, G, and B each having an organic EL layer (3), and a plurality of TFT elements (12) provided corresponding to the light emitting regions to control light emission in the respective light emitting regions. The light emitting regions are provided in a zigzag manner and adjacent light emitting regions are kept from contacting one another. Each pixel (21) is divided into six segments (22a to 22c and 23a to 23c), and the light emitting regions are arranged in three segments (22a to 22c) in a zigzag manner. In this way, in a bottom emission type, active matrix organic EL display, a sufficient aperture ratio can efficiently be secured, and pixels can be arranged so that the aperture ratio is hardly a trade off for higher resolution. Therefore, power consumption for obtaining necessary luminance can be reduced, and this can contribute to downsizing of the driving circuit and the device as a whole.

A coalescer is provided minimizing trade-offs among high removal efficiency, low pressure drop, long service life, and small size.

Improved techniques to utilize and manage a group of media items (or media assets) on a computing device are disclosed. The group of media items can be utilized and managed at a host computer for the host computer as well as a media device (e.g., media player) that can couple to the host computer. One popular example of a group of media items is know as a playlist, which can pertain to a group of audio tracks. One aspect pertains to a graphical user interface that enables a user to trade-off storage capacity of a media device between media asset storage and data storage. Another aspect pertains to a graphical user interface that assists a user with selecting media items to fill a group of media items. Still another aspect pertains to providing a persistent media device playlist at a host computer. Yet still another aspect pertains to imposing capacity limits to a playlist, such as a media device playlist.

A hierarchical storage system is constructed from file servers and a policy engine server by building upon a file migration service. Offline attributes are added to file system inodes in a primary file server, file system parameters are added in the primary server, an offline read access method field is added to a connection database, and the primary file server is programmed to use these attributes and parameters for selecting a particular method (such as a partial read migration or a pass through read method) for read access to an offline file. In this fashion, the primary file server is provided with flexibility for selecting a particular one of a number of migration methods depending on various conditions, in order to improve the trade-off between the cost of storage and delay in file access.

The present invention is a method and apparatus for protection of various items against counterfeiting using physical unclonable features of item microstructure images. The protection is based on the proposed identification and authentication protocols coupled with portable devices. In both cases a special transform is applied to data that provides a unique representation in the secure key-dependent domain of reduced dimensionality that also simultaneously resolves performance-security-complexity and memory storage requirement trade-offs. The enrolled database needed for the identification can be stored in the public domain without any risk to be used by the counterfeiters. Additionally, it can be easily transportable to various portable devices due to its small size. Notably, the proposed transformations are chosen in such a way to guarantee the best possible performance in terms of identification accuracy with respect to the identification in the raw data domain. The authentication protocol is based on the proposed transform jointly with the distributed source coding. Finally, the extensions of the described techniques to the protection of artworks and secure key exchange and extraction are disclosed in the invention.

High speed optical modulators can be made of a lateral PN diode formed in a silicon optical waveguide, disposed on a SOI or other silicon based substrate. A PN junction is formed at the boundary of the P and N doped regions. The depletion region at the PN junction overlaps with the center of a guided optical mode propagating through the waveguide. Electrically modulating a lateral PN diode causes a phase shift in an optical wave propagating through the waveguide. Each of the doped regions can have a stepped or gradient doping profile within it or several doped sections with different doping concentrations. Forming the doped regions of a PN diode modulator with stepped or gradient doping profiles can optimize the trade off between the series resistance of the PN diode and the optical loss in the center of the waveguide due to the presence of dopants.

A computer display layout manager that reduces the need to hand-craft the layout of application screens is able to rearrange elements according to the shape of the available area. The automated process helps interface designers create user interfaces which work well on multiple devices and in resizeable windows. The layout manager uses height for width and width for height trade-offs to resize elements. The elements of each row or column are packed and resized according to predetermined preferred sizing criteria.

This invention relates to a system and method for valuing a portfolio in terms of its performance relative to a specified benchmark under a range of future scenarios. In particular, the invention takes a portfolio and calculates two values related to the portfolio: the first value corresponding to an amount by which the value of the portfolio is expected to fall below the value of a benchmark over a given time horizon, and a second value corresponding to an amount by which the value of the portfolio is expected to exceed the value of a benchmark over a given time horizon, in view of the range of different future scenarios. The invention provides a means for determining the portfolio which optimally trades-off these two values, and to evaluate risk/reward performance measures using these two values which can be used to rank instruments, securities or portfolios. The invention also provides a means for pricing portfolio insurance for optimal portfolios.

A combination of several analytical computer-assisted modeling techniques may be used to evaluate the value of a brand, the relative value of competitive brands and may identify the opportunities to increase brand value and the priority of those opportunities. Image/Attitudinal driver analysis, pyramid analysis, probability analysis, trade-off analysis, and other regression techniques may be used in novel combinations to quantify brand development, impacts and the overall estimate of brand value. For example: (1) image driver analysis may be applied to each level of a brand pyramid to understand how to most effectively move customers through to the next level in the pyramid; (2) probability analysis may be used to estimate the impact of each movement through the pyramid; and (3) tradeoff analysis may be used to improve the value customers perceive at any particular level of the pyramid.

Systems, methods, and a computer readable medium for performing auto exposure (AE) techniques that are beneficial in variable lighting conditions—and particularly applicable to handheld and/or mobile videoconferencing applications—are disclosed herein. Handheld and/or mobile videoconferencing applications—unlike their fixed camera counterparts—are often exposed to a wide variety of rapidly changing lighting and scene conditions, and thus face a difficult trade-off between adjusting exposure parameter values too frequently or not frequently enough. In personal electronic devices executing such handheld and/or mobile videoconferencing applications, it may be desirable to: use a small, centered, and center-weighted exposure metering region; set a relatively low brightness target value; and adjust the camera's exposure parameter values according to a distance-dependent convergence speed function. The use of such techniques, in conjunction with a relatively large stability region, may also improve the quality of a video encoder's temporal predictions—and thus video quality—in videoconferencing applications.

In the area of network provisioning, there is a problem of selecting a suitable traffic-provisioning model for large networks due to the high management complexity of the resource-efficient trunk model and the poor bandwidth efficiency of the easy-to-configure hose model. The invention is based on the idea of partitioning at least part of the network into multi-node clusters, and defining traffic limitations on at least two levels, including the intra-cluster level and the inter-cluster level, where the traffic limitations include one or more node-to-cluster traffic limitations for inter-cluster traffic. Subsequently, cluster-based provisioning of the network is performed based on the traffic limitations. The novel node-to-cluster limitations proposed by the invention are preferably applied in a cluster-based trunk or hose model on the inter-cluster level. In other words, for the description of the inter-cluster traffic (traffic between the clusters) cluster-based trunk or hose models can be used, preferably depending on the available information about the traffic. The cluster-based provisioning makes it possible to find a trade-off between management complexity and overprovisioning.