54 results about "Polarization diversity" patented technology

Embodiments herein disclose an antenna system comprising a plurality of panel comprising at least one Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) antenna array, including a plurality of microstrip patch antenna elements and stacked patch antenna elements. The microstrip patch antenna elements, configured in a linear array, facilitate a lower operating frequency, while the stacked patch antenna elements, placed atop the microstrip patch antenna elements, achieve a higher operating frequency. The stacked patch antenna elements are connected in series and oriented at a predefined angle of 90° relative to the microstrip patch antenna elements. A panel from the plurality of panels is arranged at a pre-defined angle of 90° relative to an adjacent panel from the plurality of panels for polarization diversity to obtain the multifunctional shared aperture 8N-port MIMO antenna system.

A method and system for optical switching with integrated polarization diversity control comprising a beam displacer to receive an input beam and split the input beam into a first beam and a second beam with linear polarization. The first and second beams may be received on a liquid crystal cell that may rotate the first or second beam so that both beams have the same polarization after traversing the liquid crystal cell. Based on the polarization, the output beam may be switched to a port.

The application discloses a high-gain millimeter wave polarization reconfigurable antenna and belongs to the technical field of wireless communication.The application provides a high-gain millimeter wave polarization reconfigurable antenna, and the whole antenna structure is completed on two layers of dielectric substrates.Polarization diversity is realized by connecting the center patch of two groups of parasitic short columns by using pin diode switches, and the polarization state can be switched in the directions of ±45 degrees.Then, in order to improve the radiation performance of the antenna, an extended semi-ellipsoid lens is added to the antenna, so that the antenna gain is increased by about 10 dB, and therefore, the integrated lens antenna is an effective method for developing the millimeter wave polarization reconfigurable antenna.The gain-enhanced polarization reconfigurable antenna has the advantages of high gain, low cost and stable radiation pattern and is an ideal choice for low-cost millimeter wave applications of the fifth generation (5G) communication technology.

The application discloses a kind of rock mechanics test in the collection device of acoustic emission signal, including computer, measurement and control and signal processing equipment, distributed acoustic wave sensing equipment and collection probe: the collection probe is composed of single-mode optical fiber and probe skeleton, single-mode optical fiber is fixed around probe skeleton, when testing, collection probe is fixed on the surface of rock sample for testing;The measurement and control and signal processing equipment include: radio frequency amplifier, digital-to-analog conversion module, analog-to-digital conversion module, filter amplifier, field programmable logic gate array and CPU-GPU data processing module;The distributed acoustic sensing equipment includes narrow linewidth laser, fiber coupler, acoustooptic modulator, erbium-doped fiber amplifier, circulator, polarization diversity receiver, first balanced photodetector and second balanced photodetector;Collection signal band is wide, can be conveniently installed on any rock sample.Collecting main frequency is lower, collection probe is connected closely with rock sample, coupling is good, without additional smearing coupling agent.

The invention discloses an electromagnetic sensor array for dual-band direction finding. The electromagnetic sensor array comprises three dual-band electric sensors and three dual-band magnetic sensors, the dual-band electric sensors are used for measuring electric field components in the Z-axis direction and are equally distributed according to the radial distance d and the angular spacing of 120 degrees; the dual-band magnetic sensors are used for measuring magnetic field components in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction and are equally distributed according to the radial distance of d / 2 and the angular spacing of 120 degrees. The electromagnetic sensor array for dual-band direction finding disclosed by the invention has the beneficial effects that the electromagnetic sensor array is simple in structure and easy to process and manufacture; measurement of a dual-band electric field and a dual-band magnetic field is achieved, and the dual-band electric field and the dual-band magnetic field can be expanded to multiple bands through The spatial diversity of a scalar array and the polarization diversity of a vector array are fused, and the unambiguous accurate estimation of the direction of arrival of an incident electromagnetic signal is realized in the range of an incident pitch angle of 20-85 degrees and an incident azimuth angle of 0-360 degrees by optimizing the array topology.

The application provides a frequency diversity and polarization diversity transmission system based on diversity antennas, comprising a diversity antenna subsystem, a radio frequency feeding network and a baseband processing unit, the diversity antenna subsystem comprises a first diversity antenna, a second diversity antenna and a metal floor, the first diversity antenna and the second diversity antenna are both at least dual-frequency antennas and are placed in space orthogonally, the radio frequency feeding network comprises a signal phase shifter, an equivalent phase shifter, a power divider and a signal amplifying device, and can realize frequency diversity and twice polarization diversity. The frequency diversity and polarization diversity transmission system based on diversity antennas provided by the application realizes the collaborative innovation of a radio frequency front end and a baseband processing unit, and constructs a complete radio frequency baseband architecture which can simultaneously and actively realize the collaborative processing of polarization diversity and frequency diversity.

This invention relates to a method for measuring the depolarization of a medium in intravascular polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography (ICP-CT), comprising: setting the polarization state of the input light of a catheter polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography system; setting the reference light in the H and V channels of the input light and the reference light in the system to have equal intensity; acquiring the electrical signals measured at the polarization diversity point in the form of a Jones matrix to obtain the average measurement Mueller matrix; calculating the standard deviation matrix of the reference region; obtaining the depolarization Mueller matrix of the reference region; extracting the block matrix of the average measurement Mueller matrix of the reference region; calculating the average double attenuation block matrix of the reference region; constructing the average double attenuation matrix of the reference region; obtaining the pseudo-average birefringence phase delay matrix of the reference region; extracting the average depolarization matrix of the reference region from the pseudo-average birefringence phase delay matrix of the reference region using matrix decomposition; obtaining the depolarization Mueller matrix of the target region; and calculating the medium depolarization coefficient.

The application discloses a terahertz electrically controlled polarization diversity dual-band reconfigurable intelligent surface, which comprises a metal bottom plate, a dielectric substrate and a phase shift structure layer arranged layer by layer from bottom to top; the phase shift structure layer comprises phase shift units arranged in an M*N orthogonal array mode, each column of the phase shift units has an anode lead-out wire and a cathode lead-out wire; each phase shift unit comprises three dipoles, and the dipole is in an I-shaped structure and is formed by two T-shaped branches arranged oppositely at vertices. The application works through electric control, thereby realizing dynamic broadband regulation and control of the phase. Without other relatively complex excitation modes such as optical excitation and temperature excitation, the device has great advantages in miniaturization, practicality and production.

The present disclosure is directed toward architectures that combine DWDM and CWDM concepts in a single PIC. Transmitter stages in accordance with the present disclosure include a plurality of multiwavelength lasers having regions of separately grown epitaxial material whose gain peaks are centered at different wavelengths. Each laser launches a wavelength comb comprising a plurality of wavelength signals into a PLC, where the wavelengths within each wavelength comb are separated by a wavelength spacing that is smaller than that between adjacent wavelength combs. In some embodiments, the PLC includes modulator banks for encoding data on the wavelength signals and combining them to produce a composite DWDM output signal. In some embodiments, a receiver stage is included for demultiplexing a composite DWDM input signal and detecting each wavelength channel within it. In some embodiments, the receiver stage employs polarization-diversity techniques to enable it to operate on unpolarized / randomly polarized input signals.

The invention relates to the field of silicon-based optoelectronic integration, and particularly discloses an on-chip adaptive wave combination method and feedback system for a polarization diversity MZM, and the system comprises an optical coupling and mode conversion module, a polarization diversity electro-optical modulation module, an optical power collection and photoelectric conversion module, a signal processing and feedback control module, and a tunable wave combination module. After coupling conversion and modulation, two paths of optical power are collected and subjected to photoelectric conversion, a power difference voltage is obtained through an analog circuit, a bias voltage is superposed to generate a control voltage, and an adjustable combiner is driven to dynamically adjust the beam splitting ratio to complete wave combination. The problems that the output power of the polarization diversity MZM fluctuates randomly along with the polarization state, and an existing polarization control scheme is slow in response, complex in architecture and difficult to integrate with a silicon-based process are solved, real-time accurate compensation of power fluctuation is achieved, it is guaranteed that the combined wave output power is stable, the system architecture is simple, power consumption is low, integration with a silicon-based chip monolithic chip is easy, and the application range is wide. And the performance and the compatibility of the integrated photonic link are improved.

Integrated optical circulators that enable polarization diversity are disclosed. A photonic integrated circulator (200) can be fabricated by including multiple polarization beam splitters (220, 222) and optical polarization rotators (230, 232, 234) such that two copies of an optical signal are output at a receiver in substantially aligned polarization states. The circulator (200) can be used to facilitate bidirectional communication between photonic integrated circuit devices that are inherently polarization sensitive while reducing signal loss.

The utility model provides a polarized antenna, comprising a first antenna substrate on which a horizontal polarized antenna array is arranged; the first edge of the second antenna substrate is connected with the second edge of the first antenna substrate, and a preset angle is formed between the first antenna substrate and the second antenna substrate; and a dual-polarized antenna array is arranged on the second antenna substrate. The polarized antenna is installed on an antenna holding pole beside a track or a building, so that the second antenna substrate is right opposite to the track or the building, a wave beam formed by the dual-polarized antenna array correspondingly covers an area at a small incident angle, and a polarization diversity effect is reserved in an area where vertical polarized waves have good penetrability. The first antenna substrate is correspondingly arranged on the side face of the antenna holding pole, a wave beam formed by the horizontal polarization antenna array corresponds to a coverage area at a large incidence angle, and horizontal polarization has better projectability compared with vertical polarization, so that the problem that a part of energy is wasted due to the fact that vertical polarization components of the antenna are reflected is solved.

A method according to one embodiment of the present disclosure for controlling an optical amplification device (10) of a polarization diversity configuration comprises: detecting a first optical intensity of first polarized waves from a first amplifier (102) which is disposed between a polarization splitter (121) and a polarization combiner (122); detecting a second optical intensity of second polarized waves from a second amplifier (103) which is disposed between the polarization splitter (121) and the polarization combiner (122); detecting a third optical intensity of the first polarized waves from the polarization combiner (122) in a state where the second polarized waves are not input to the polarization combiner (122); detecting a fourth optical intensity of the second polarized waves from the polarization combiner (122) in a state where the first polarized waves are not input to the polarization combiner (122); and acquiring loss of the first polarized waves from the first amplifier (102) to the polarization combiner (122) and loss of the second polarized waves from the second amplifier (103) to the polarization combiner (122) on the basis of the first optical intensity, the second optical intensity, the third optical intensity, and the fourth optical intensity.

The invention discloses a distributed optical fiber sound wave sensing system applied to long-distance heat distribution pipeline monitoring, and the system comprises a laser which generates laser required by the system; the coupler divides emergent light of the laser into two paths, one path serves as probe light to enter the electro-optical modulator, and the other path serves as local oscillation light to enter the polarization diversity receiver; the probe light enters the electro-optical modulator and then is modulated into a sweep frequency pulse signal, a scattering signal generated by the probe light at the sensing optical fiber is input into the polarization diversity receiver through the circulator and enters the balance detector after being mixed with the local oscillation light, and a generated electric signal is input into the data acquisition card and enters the upper computer for demodulation; the method has the beneficial effects that the linear sweep frequency pulse is used as the detection light, so that the method has a relatively large sweep frequency range, the spatial resolution of the system is greatly improved on the premise of not reducing the maximum monitoring distance, the event position can be accurately positioned in a long-distance heat distribution pipeline monitoring scene, and the alarm accuracy is improved.

The invention belongs to the technical field of light wave element measurement, and particularly relates to a light vector analysis device and method for unbalanced cross-polarization inquiry, and the device comprises a sweep frequency light source module, a cross-polarization generation module, a measurement interferometer module, a polarization diversity detection module, and a module for obtaining information of a device to be measured. The device is characterized in that an orthogonal polarization generation module composed of a coupler and a polarization beam combiner generates a pair of orthogonal polarization frequency sweeping lasers with a high extinction ratio, and a complicated polarization regulation and control process with the extinction ratio difficult to guarantee is not needed any more. Meanwhile, the tail fibers of all the optical fiber devices in the device are common single-mode optical fibers, so that the error influence of polarization crosstalk on the measurement result is effectively avoided, and the spectral response characteristic measurement precision of the optical device to be measured is greatly improved.

The application provides a laser dynamic speed measurement system and a laser dynamic speed measurement method for vehicles on a highway in rainy and foggy weather. The method comprises the following steps: collecting echo signals of a laser beam reflected by vehicles; performing polarization diversity detection on the echo signals to separate polarization components and obtain speed signals and displacement signals of the vehicles; determining multiple frequency shifts of the laser based on the speed signals, determining instantaneous speeds of the vehicles according to all the frequency shifts and the wavelength of the speed signals; performing stripping compensation on a time-varying phase of the displacement signals according to all the instantaneous speeds, and obtaining displacement reconstruction signals; performing equal optical frequency interval resampling on the displacement reconstruction signals through a preset beat frequency signal, and then determining observation distances of the vehicles according to the resampling results; correcting speed deviations according to all the time differences and all the observation distances, and obtaining dynamic speeds of the vehicles on the highway in rainy and foggy weather. The method can realize high-precision dynamic speed measurement of multiple vehicles on a highway under the interference of rainy and foggy weather.

The invention discloses a distributed optical fiber sensing system based on an anti-conjugate convolution algorithm, and belongs to the technical field of optical sensing. According to the invention, through measurement of a detection pulse signal and anti-conjugate convolution of the detection pulse signal and a return light signal, detection of a strained signal, suppression of influence brought by line width and frequency sweeping nonlinearity and improvement of detection resolution are realized, and through a polarization diversity collection system and a weight superposition algorithm of frequency division multiplexing, the detection precision is improved. And the suppression of polarization weakening and coherent weakening of the signal is realized. Compared with a traditional OFDR system, the system and the algorithm have the advantages that the influence of frequency sweep nonlinearity and linear broadband can be suppressed, the distance limitation of OFDR detection can be lengthened, the conjugate relation between the signal-to-noise ratio and the resolution of a detection signal can be flexibly controlled through the corresponding algorithm, and the system can adapt to different application scenes.

The invention discloses a broadband polarization diversity wearable receiving antenna system for a capsule endoscope system and the capsule endoscope system comprising the broadband polarization diversity wearable receiving antenna system, and the wearable receiving antenna system comprises a flexible wearable carrier and a multi-antenna combination array integrated in the flexible wearable carrier; the multi-antenna combination array is composed of at least two independent antenna units. The antenna units have different preset resonant frequencies, and the resonant frequencies take a common reference frequency f0 as a center and are progressively shifted according to a preset step frequency value f to jointly form a synthetic receiving frequency band of which the coverage is wider than the bandwidth of a single antenna; meanwhile, the polarization directions of the antenna units are different from each other, and the antenna units sequentially rotate by a certain angle on the horizontal plane to jointly form a polarization diversity receiving array. On the premise of not depending on an active tuning circuit, the system can passively adapt to body type differences of different users, and effectively capture incoming waves in any polarization direction, so that the stability and success rate of image data receiving are improved.

The invention relates to a system and method for classifying an object. The system comprises a polarization beam splitter, a first detector, a second detector, and a processor. The polarization beam splitter generates a first source signal having a first polarization direction and a second source signal having a second polarization direction. The first detector transmits the first source signal at the object and receives a first reflection signal generated at the object in response to the first source signal. The second detector transmits the second source signal at the object and receives a second reflection signal generated at the object in response to the second source signal. The processor is configured to compare the first reflection signal and the second reflection signal to classify the object.

This invention relates to a phase-sensitive optical time-domain reflectometer based on orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) pulse coding. A continuous laser beam is split into a local path and a probe path via an optical coupler. The probe path, driven by a radio frequency signal, generates multiple frequency-orthogonal intensity-coded pulse sequences through an optical intensity modulator. These sequences are arranged sequentially in time, possessing the same symbol information but different chip sequences. The Rayleigh backscattered light generated by the pulse sequences entering the sensing fiber under test undergoes coherent interference with the local light in an optical bridge and polarization diversity module. The signal acquisition circuit utilizes an unmatched filter to achieve pulse compression and Rayleigh scattering signal separation, and synthesizes the results of the pulse coding sequences at each frequency to obtain the strain signal. Compared with existing technologies, this invention achieves pulse compression by designing an unmatched filter, improving the signal-to-noise ratio while maintaining spatial resolution. Furthermore, by synthesizing the results of orthogonal frequency pulse sequences, coherent fading is eliminated, achieving fading-free, high signal-to-noise ratio strain measurement.

This invention discloses a distributed optical fiber sensing system based on an anti-conjugate convolution algorithm, belonging to the field of optical sensing technology. This invention achieves signal detection of strain and suppresses the effects of linewidth and sweep frequency nonlinearity by measuring the probe pulse signal and performing anti-conjugate convolution with the return signal, thereby improving detection resolution. Through a polarization diversity collection system and a frequency division multiplexing weighted superposition algorithm, it suppresses polarization fading and coherence fading of the signal. Compared with traditional OFDR systems, this system and algorithm can suppress the effects of sweep frequency nonlinearity and linewidth, extend the detection distance limitation of OFDR, and flexibly control the conjugate relationship between the signal-to-noise ratio and resolution of the probe signal through corresponding algorithms, enabling the system to adapt to different application scenarios.

The invention relates to an optical measurement system, in particular to an optical measurement system and method based on frequency sweeping laser. An optical measurement system based on frequency sweep laser comprises a frequency sweep laser, a second coupler, an S-path coherent receiving module, a P-path coherent receiving module, light to be measured, a polarization diversity device and a data processing module, and the data processing module carries out digital-to-analog conversion and digital signal processing on electric signals output by the above modules. And information such as frequency, light intensity, polarization state and phase of the to-be-measured light is obtained after calculation. According to the optical measurement system based on the sweep frequency laser, the frequency, the intensity, the phase and the polarization state of the light are measured at the same time through the low-complexity system, the detection precision is improved, the measurement speed is high, the cost is low, and the optical signal phase detection capacity is achieved.

The invention relates to the technical field of optics, and discloses an optical polarization rotator and a polarization diversity system.The optical polarization rotator comprises a silicon waveguide layer and a silicon nitride waveguide layer which are arranged in a spaced mode in the first direction, and the first direction is perpendicular to the optical path transmission direction; in the optical path transmission direction, the c silicon waveguide layer comprises a first input waveguide, a first polarization rotation waveguide and a first output waveguide which are sequentially cascaded, the first input waveguide and the first output waveguide serve as mode converters respectively, the first input waveguide is used for inputting optical signals to the first polarization rotation waveguide, and the second input waveguide is used for outputting optical signals to the second polarization rotation waveguide. The first output waveguide is used for outputting the optical signal after mode polarization rotation; the projection of the silicon nitride waveguide layer in the first direction is asymmetric with respect to the central axis of the polarization rotation waveguide, so that the symmetry of a silicon waveguide layer device structure can be broken, the effective refractive index difference between a transverse electric mode optical signal and a transverse magnetic mode optical signal is increased, and the device length is shortened under the condition of ensuring high conversion efficiency and high bandwidth.

The invention relates to the technical field of wireless communication, in particular to an intelligent anti-interference method for multi-physics coupling and polarization diversity, which integrates a material shielding effect, a dust scattering characteristic and a dynamic polarization optimization mechanism so as to improve the reliability and the stability of wireless communication in a deep well environment. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, establishing a path loss correction model based on an eddy current shielding effect of a metal support material and a Mie scattering theory of dust concentration; secondly, providing an intelligent anti-interference layered framework, combining a direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) technology and a wavelet adaptive filtering method, and introducing a game theory to optimize multi-source node power distribution; and further designing a polarization-time delay joint compensation strategy, and suppressing multipath fading and inter-symbol interference in a non-line-of-sight scene by adopting a circularly polarized antenna and a channel equalizer based on a convolutional neural network and a long-short term memory network. Compared with a traditional method, the method has the advantages that the bit error rate can be reduced by 42% in a high-dust-concentration (200 g / m) environment, and the signal to interference plus noise ratio can be increased by 15 dB in a strong electromagnetic interference area.

Disclosed are schemes for analog dual-comb sensing with a continuous-wave local oscillator that provides analog dual-comb sensing and overcome limitations of the prior art, analog DCS schemes. Operationally, one optical frequency comb (OFC) is intensity modulated by an analog RF comb generator (such as SRD, NLTL, etc.) while the other OFC is phase-modulated by another analog RF comb generator having a slightly different frequency spacing. The intensity-modulated OFC, (in narrow-pulse shape) is used as the “probe” to measure a medium under test, while the phase-modulated OFC (in continuous waves) is used as a “local oscillator” and beat with the “probe” comb and amplify the output. In the detection stage, our schemes take the advantage of polarization diversity coherent detection, eliminating fading that infirmed previous schemes due to the polarization drift and phase noises.

This invention discloses a BOTDA fiber optic sensing device and method based on time-overlapping polarization diversity. The device includes a laser, a first fiber coupler, a first polarization controller, an intensity modulator, a microwave source, an optical isolator, a sensing fiber, a second fiber coupler, a first acousto-optic modulator, a second polarization controller, a dual-channel arbitrary waveform generator, a second acousto-optic modulator, a third polarization controller, a polarization combiner, a first erbium-doped fiber amplifier, a first optical circulator, a second erbium-doped fiber amplifier, a fiber Bragg grating, a second optical circulator, a photodetector, a low-pass filter, and a data acquisition and analysis system. This invention employs a time-overlapping polarization diversity method, effectively avoiding polarization noise caused by polarization interference and polarization fading caused by polarization pulling effects, significantly improving the measurement accuracy of the sensor.

The invention discloses a polarization-adjustable dual-circularly-polarized full-duplex antenna radio frequency front end. The front end comprises a dual-circularly-polarized antenna unit, two dielectric duplexers, a T module and an R module. The antenna unit is provided with a left-handed circular polarization port and a right-handed circular polarization port which are respectively connected to common ports of the two dielectric duplexers. The T module comprises a transmitting single-pole double-throw switch, a power amplifier, a transmitting surface acoustic wave filter and a transmitting amplitude-phase multifunctional chip, and is selectively connected to a transmitting port of any dielectric duplexer through the switch; and the R module comprises a receiving single-pole double-throw switch, a low-noise amplifier, a receiving surface acoustic wave filter and a receiving amplitude-phase multifunctional chip, and is selectively connected to a receiving port of any dielectric duplexer through the switch. By controlling the switching states of the two groups of switches, independent and flexible configuration of receiving and transmitting circular polarization signals can be realized, four polarization working modes are supported, and the polarization diversity capability and the integration degree of the system are remarkably improved while high isolation and low loss are ensured.

A quadri-polarization diversity antenna system is disclosed.According to embodiments of the present disclosure, an antenna system includes an antenna array including columns of first dual-polarized antenna units arranged on a first plane of an antenna panel and columns of second dual-polarized antenna units arranged on a second plane of the antenna panel. The first plane and the second plane form an obtuse angle with each other. The columns of the first dual-polarized antenna units are used to form a first beam with + / −45 ° polarizations, and the columns of the second dual-polarized antenna units are used to form a second beam with 0° / 90° polarizations.

The invention relates to a distributed optical fiber sensing system and method for safely sensing vector acceleration facing robot interaction. The system comprises a light source, a coupler, a first Mach-Zehnder modulator, an optical circulator, a detection optical fiber, a second Mach-Zehnder modulator and a polarization diversity coherent receiver. The output end of the light source is connected with the input end of the coupler, the output end of the coupler is connected with the input end of the first Mach-Zehnder modulator and the input end of the second Mach-Zehnder modulator, the output end of the first Mach-Zehnder modulator is connected with a first port of the optical circulator, and a second port of the optical circulator is connected with the detection optical fiber. A third port of the optical circulator is connected with the polarization diversity coherent receiver; and the output end of the second Mach-Zehnder modulator is connected with the polarization diversity coherent receiver. According to the invention, the bandwidth of the received signal is greatly reduced, and the spatial domain is broadened after the signal is converted into the time domain, so that excellent spatial resolution and integration are realized, and the sensing ability of the robot is improved.

The invention provides a diversity antenna-based frequency diversity and polarization diversity transmission system, which comprises a diversity antenna subsystem, a radio frequency feed network and a baseband processing unit, and is characterized in that the diversity antenna subsystem comprises a first diversity antenna, a second diversity antenna and a metal floor; the first diversity antenna and the second diversity antenna are at least dual-frequency antennas and are spatially orthogonally placed, the radio frequency feed network comprises a signal phase shifter, an equivalent phase shifter, a power divider and a signal amplification device, and frequency diversity and two-time polarization diversity can be realized. According to the frequency diversity and polarization diversity transmission system based on the diversity antenna provided by the invention, a complete radio frequency baseband architecture capable of simultaneously and actively realizing co-processing of polarization diversity and frequency diversity is constructed through collaborative innovation of the radio frequency front end and baseband processing.