The invention discloses a method for adjusting and controlling mixed culture of floating microalgae by bacillus. The microalgae, the dominance degree of which is more than 0.15, is selected and placed into a culture solution to carry out mixed culture, wherein in the culture solution, the concentration of nitrogen is 12 to 16 mg/L, the concentration of phosphorus is 2 to 6 mg/L and the concentration of iron is 0.10 to 0.20 mg/L; during the mixed culture, the Bacillus licheniformis is adopted for adjustment and control; and the culture conditions comprise that the temperature is between 26 and 28 DEG C, the salinity is 12 to 18 per mill, the pH is 7.5 to 8.0, the illumination intensity is 4,000 to 5,000Lx, and the ratio of light to darkness is 12 hours to 12 hours and 14 hours to 10 hours. By adopting the method for carrying out the mixed culture on the microalgae by using the bacillus in a mixed culture system, the growth of the microalgae is balanced, the stability is good, single biological diversity of algae phases in the mixed culture system can be avoided, and extreme advantages or disadvantages on the number of the microalgae can be avoided.