2411 results about "Signal strength" patented technology

The invention discloses a Beidou strong deception jamming detection processing method and system, and relates to the technical field of satellite navigation anti-jamming. The invention provides a solution based on dynamic gain monitoring and multi-dimensional feature collaborative analysis to solve the problems that a Beidou / GNSS system is prone to being affected by strong deception interference signals in a complex electromagnetic environment to suppress radio frequency link gain, and positioning failure is caused by the fact that deception signals and real signals are difficult to distinguish in a traditional technology. According to the method, radio frequency gain change is tracked in real time through a digital AGC module to generate an interference-to-signal ratio, an equivalent carrier-to-noise ratio is calculated in combination with a signal carrier-to-noise ratio for primary judgment, and accurate recognition is achieved by fusing verification of multi-dimensional characteristics such as code phase consistency, carrier frequency stability and signal strength fluctuation. The system comprises a radio frequency front end, a digital AGC module, a correlator channel and an interference processing module, and precise suppression of strong deception interference is realized through dynamic reference gain learning, interference signal mark elimination and robust positioning resolving mechanisms.

The invention discloses an unmanned aerial vehicle communication terminal supervision method based on multi-source information fusion, and the method comprises the following steps: S1, multi-source information collection: collecting multi-source heterogeneous data of an unmanned aerial vehicle communication terminal in parallel, the multi-source heterogeneous data at least comprises terminal transmitting power, received signal strength (RSSI), signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), adjacent region interference strength, wireless link transmission error rate, terminal positioning data, flight state data and environmental meteorological data; and S2, information fusion and feature extraction: carrying out space-time alignment and normalization processing on the multi-source heterogeneous data collected in the step S1, inputting the data into an information fusion model for feature layer fusion, and outputting a group of fusion feature vectors capable of comprehensively representing the current operation state of the communication terminal. According to the invention, more reliable unmanned aerial vehicle communication terminal supervision can be realized.

The invention provides a method and a device for predicting influence of sea wave fluctuation on signal intensity based on ship data. The method provided by the invention comprises the following steps: acquiring multi-attitude angle data of a ship based on a nine-axis inertial measurement unit; the multi-attitude angle data comprises a rolling angle, a pitch angle and a yawing angle; establishing a Cartesian coordinate system taking the gravity center of the ship as an original point; based on the multi-attitude angle data, calculating spatial transformation of the antenna position in the Cartesian coordinate system through an automatic spatial transformation algorithm to obtain the transformed antenna position; determining the direction of the transformed antenna through vector operation by combining the initial orientation of the antenna and the position of the transformed antenna; and determining a corresponding angle through an angle resolving algorithm based on the initial antenna direction and the transformed antenna direction, matching a corresponding antenna gain in an antenna gain database based on the angle, and determining a signal strength change prediction value based on the antenna gain.

The invention particularly relates to an emergency broadcast intelligent early warning system applied to disaster prevention and reduction, and relates to the technical field of communication. The redundant communication and self-adaptive switching module is configured to establish a multi-mode communication network, monitor link states in real time and realize intelligent switching and load balancing of communication links based on a dynamic algorithm; an intelligent decision-making and precise broadcasting module; and the emergency broadcast terminal is connected with the offline execution module. According to the invention, a multi-mode communication architecture is established, each link monitors parameters such as signal strength, delay, packet loss rate and the like in real time, and intelligent switching and load balancing are carried out through a dynamic routing algorithm; and meanwhile, on the basis of memory thermal characteristic analysis, link faults are pre-judged in advance, switching is triggered, the success rate of early warning information transmission under extreme disasters is ensured, and the problem of transmission interruption of traditional single link communication under the scenes of power failure, base station damage and the like is solved.

The invention relates to the technical field of information, and mainly aims to guarantee the communication continuity and data integrity of villages in remote mountainous areas. The invention provides a multidirectional communication data forwarding method and system, and the method comprises the steps: obtaining terrain elevation data and mountain surface reflection characteristics, constructing a three-dimensional terrain simulation environment, calculating an initial visible range between communication nodes, and obtaining a preliminary signal propagation interference distribution diagram; obtaining signal time difference data of each path in the preliminary forwarding path scheme, and generating an optimized forwarding path set; monitoring the distribution change of communication nodes of the forwarding path set in real time, continuously monitoring the change trend of signal propagation interference, determining signal loss rate data in a path execution process, and generating a stable communication transmission channel; according to a stable communication transmission channel, a signal time difference change trend in a path switching process is analyzed, and a switching time interval, a signal strength threshold and a node load balancing coefficient of path switching are determined.

The invention relates to the technical field of communication signal analysis, in particular to a communication signal analysis method and device, equipment and a storage medium. The method comprises the following steps: carrying out full-band signal continuous acquisition on a detection area, and extracting an original signal flow; performing potential electromagnetic interference detection and electromagnetic interference distribution marking on the original signal flow to obtain an interference source distribution diagram; dynamic interference suppression is carried out based on the interference source distribution map, real-time suppression parameter adjustment is carried out, and a calibration optimization signal flow is constructed; performing real-time intensity calculation on the calibration optimization signal flow, and constructing a regional signal intensity distribution model; and performing signal quality evaluation and real-time decision early warning based on the regional signal intensity distribution model. According to the method, the communication signal quality and stability of the area can be accurately and rapidly evaluated.

A technology for handover between a non-terrestrial network and a terrestrial network may be provided. This method for a user equipment (UE) may be provided, the method comprising the steps of: determining whether or not a measurement triggering condition for measurement targets is satisfied; if the measurement triggering condition is satisfied as the result of the determination, measuring received signal strengths for the measurement targets; transmitting the measured received signal strengths to a base station; receiving, from the base station, a handover command based on the received signal strengths; and performing handover with one of the measurement targets, according to the handover command.

The present disclosure relates to a 5G or 6G communication system for supporting higher data transmission rates. Disclosed are a method and a device for supporting access by a terminal to a NES cell, the method comprising the steps of: receiving, in a radio resource control (RRC) inactive mode or an RRC idle mode, system information from a camp-on first cell; acquiring, from the system information, system information about a second cell that does not perform system information transmission; determining, on the basis of threshold value information about the reception signal strength included in the system information about the second cell, whether a condition for access to the second cell is satisfied; and performing, if the condition is satisfied, a random access procedure for the access to the second cell.

The invention discloses a link state analysis method and device for a broadband ad hoc network, equipment and a medium. The method comprises the following steps: S1, acquiring coordinates and a signal intensity sequence of each node in a monitoring time period; s2, acquiring a link instability coefficient of the single node in the monitoring time period according to the difference of the nearest distances of the single node at different moments and the dispersion degree of the signal intensity sequence of the node; s3, according to the difference of the link instability coefficients of all the detection nodes in each emergency group, the correlation degree of the signal intensity sequences of any two detection nodes, and the dispersion degree of the coordinate distance of any two detection nodes at all moments, obtaining the regional co-variability of each emergency group; s4, the link global stability of the broadband ad hoc network system is obtained according to the mean value of all the link stability indexes; and S5, evaluating the link state according to the global stability of the link. According to the method and the device, the dynamic environment interference is integrally analyzed, so that the link state analysis accuracy is improved.

The invention provides a semi-aviation transient electromagnetic acquisition device and method for calibrating data drift in real time, and relates to the technical field of data calibration, and the device comprises an electromagnetic data acquisition unit which receives a secondary induction signal generated by a ground transmitting end through a transient electromagnetic hollow induction coil disposed in a coil storage cabin of an unmanned aerial vehicle, and transmits the secondary induction signal to an unmanned aerial vehicle; self-adaptive gain control is carried out according to the signal intensity to obtain real-time electromagnetic data; the flight control unit monitors the swing amplitude and frequency of the coil in real time according to the inclination angle and acceleration data fed back by the sensor in the coil storage cabin, and carries out flight attitude adjustment and control; the drift calibration unit adopts a static reference mode for calibration at the beginning stage of flight; and switching to a dynamic reference mode in the flight process, and carrying out self-adaptive calibration on the real-time data stream based on a sliding window. According to the invention, drift calibration of traditional software post-processing is migrated to a hardware acquisition stage, so that synchronous completion of data acquisition and drift compensation is realized.

The invention provides a low-orbit satellite communication terminal network performance dynamic tuning method and system, and relates to the technical field of low-orbit satellite communication. Comprehensive data such as relative movement of a satellite and a terminal and signal transmission loss are acquired; preprocessing the integrated data, inputting the preprocessed integrated data into a time sequence prediction model containing LSTM and Transform, generating a signal quality and intensity index sequence and a link stability level in a future preset time window, and carrying out dynamic optimization based on the generated indexes, including adjusting a terminal modulation mode according to the signal quality; combining the link stability and the signal strength to aggregate the link, and optimizing the switching opportunity and path; allocating resources according to the signal strength and the service characteristics; and optimizing the energy consumption according to the relative motion and the business characteristics. Through accurate prediction and multi-dimensional adjustment and optimization, the communication efficiency and reliability of the low-orbit satellite communication terminal network are improved, energy consumption and delay are reduced, and good communication quality is guaranteed.

Disclosed are systems, apparatuses, processes, and computer-readable media for wireless communications. For example, an example of a process includes transmitting, to a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS), a plurality of reference signal beams in a plurality of directions. The process may further include receiving, from the RIS, a plurality of reflection reference signal beams in the plurality of directions based on a plurality of backtracking reflection coefficients. The process may include measuring a signal strength of each reflection reference signal beam in each direction of the plurality of directions for each backtracking reflection coefficient of the plurality of backtracking reflection coefficients. The process may further include determining, basing on measuring the signal strength, a selected beam direction from the plurality of directions and a selected backtracking reflection coefficient of the plurality of backtracking reflection coefficients.

The invention relates to the technical field of wireless streaming media, in particular to a real-time video transmission method and system based on 5G, and the method comprises the following steps: based on mobile terminal equipment, analyzing the signal strength and service bearing change of a 5G base station, screening an optimal access sequence, comparing channel capability with video partition characteristics, and adjusting coding parameter distribution. And analyzing link capability and packet loss performance, and optimizing uplink and downlink compression parameters to obtain a compression change trend. According to the invention, by dynamically identifying the signal association and network load change between the mobile terminal and the 5G base station, the multi-dimensional access priority sequence is generated in combination with the real-time bandwidth demand, the coding and allocation parameters are flexibly adjusted according to the video partition content characteristics and the wireless channel adaptation condition, and the access priority sequence is optimized in combination with the uplink and downlink performance and the frame type change. Dynamic regulation and control and synchronous updating of compression parameters are automatically completed, continuous transmission of video streams in a complex network environment is achieved, and the end-to-end consistency of video content and the integrity of picture data are improved.

The invention belongs to the technical field of wireless positioning, and discloses a non-line-of-sight interference-resistant dynamic positioning method and a base station layout method for positioning. Comprising the following steps: calculating original distance measurement results of each initial base station in a label and a sub-region, obtaining current shielding probability and current signal intensity of the initial base station and current geometric accuracy factors of different initial base station combinations in an initial base station set, selecting candidate base stations, calculating information gain of each candidate base station pair, and obtaining the information gain of each candidate base station pair; selecting candidate base stations with information gains meeting preset requirements to construct a target base station subset, inputting an original ranging result of the target base station subset into a Kalman filter based on a motion state space model for processing, and compensating an NLOS time delay error through a sliding window mean value to obtain a positioning result of a label and an NLOS time delay error estimation value, the problem that the positioning result is not accurate enough in a complex environment is solved.

Aspects of the present disclosure provide an over-the-air (OTA) interferometer that enables redirecting, by a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) to a destination, a signal that impinges the RIS at each of a plurality of time slots, thereby modulating the signal. The RIS is virtually divided into a plurality of RIS portions. In each time slot, phase components to be applied to the plurality of RIS portions are determined based on one or more phase values. The phase values may include an underlying phase related to redirecting a source signal, an additional phase related to data that an input operatively connected to the RIS aims to transmit to the destination by modulating the signal being redirected, and / or a further phase related to interference patterns that can help extract the data phase at the destination. The destination may demodulate the received signals based on the signal strength measurements.

The invention discloses a multi-source fusion positioning method, positioning system and equipment for resisting non-line-of-sight interference. The method comprises the following steps: S1, acquiring RSS (Received Signal Strength), TDOA (Time Difference Of Arrival) and AOA (Attention Of Arrival) of N base stations; s2, selecting a base station with the strongest signal as an initial reference station according to the RSS mean value, and generating all base station combinations containing the reference station; s3, constructing a joint positioning equation for each base station combination, and carrying out initial position calculation on each combination by adopting a weighted least square method to obtain an intermediate position estimated value and a corresponding residual error; s4, identifying the NLOS base station by using sliding window-based multi-feature residual dynamic threshold judgment and effective combination-based NLOS weight penalty verification respectively; and S5, calculating the base station combination according to the residual error and the geometric precision factor to obtain high-precision position estimation. According to the method, unreliable NLOS base station signals can be intelligently identified in a complex electromagnetic environment, the weights of the unreliable NLOS base station signals are reduced, and finally more accurate target position estimation is fused.

The invention relates to the technical field of computer networks, in particular to a bamboo-based composite material environment monitoring unmanned aerial vehicle and a networking method thereof, and the method comprises the following steps: each unmanned aerial vehicle obtains a residual electric quantity value and a three-dimensional coordinate position, actively broadcasts an identity beacon to the surrounding, and simultaneously monitors beacon signals from other unmanned aerial vehicles; for each received beacon signal, a transmitting node identity is extracted and a received signal power value is recorded, and an average signal strength indication value is calculated by continuously receiving a plurality of signal samples. According to the invention, the unmanned aerial vehicle actively broadcasts identity beacons and monitors surrounding beacon signals, masters neighbor node positions, energy levels and communication quality, and further completes comprehensive evaluation of initial network topology and node states; based on intelligent analysis of environmental data, pollution diffusion boundary data with high information value are distinguished, important information is ensured to be transmitted preferentially, and energy consumption of nodes is effectively balanced by calculating the relationship between the information value and energy consumption.

The invention relates to the field of communication, and discloses a frequency band switching method and device, terminal equipment and a storage medium. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring link performance data of each frequency band in a network environment in which the communication equipment is currently located, so as to predict link transmission quality of each frequency band in a future time period, and determining candidate frequency bands; monitoring and balancing channel loads on a plurality of communication channels in each physical link in each candidate frequency band; and obtaining spectrum data of each candidate frequency band to analyze a signal intensity distribution condition of each candidate frequency band, further determining an interference signal and an interference degree existing in each candidate frequency band, screening out an optimal frequency band from each candidate frequency band, and switching the communication equipment to the optimal frequency band. Through link performance prediction, the optimal frequency band is actively switched after active prediction, switching is prevented from being triggered after link quality deterioration, dynamic and intelligent frequency band switching is achieved, and communication reliability and user experience can be remarkably improved.

The invention provides a beam weight optimization method and device based on a low-altitude scene, electronic equipment and a storage medium. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring measurement report MR data reported by a flight terminal in the low-altitude scene according to a set flight route period; performing coverage simulation on all weights in a preset cell beam weight library to obtain simulation data corresponding to different beam weights in the low-altitude scene; based on the simulation data and the MR data, optimizing a wave beam weight of a network side to obtain an optimized wave beam weight; and dynamically adjusting the beam weight of the base station antenna based on the optimized beam weight. In a low-altitude scene, by simulating the preset beam weight, aiming at low-altitude environment complex interference, the interference source is effectively identified and avoided, the beam weight is optimized, and the influence of the interference on the signal quality is reduced, so that the signal strength is enhanced, the stable connection between the flight terminal and the base station is ensured, the signal quality is improved, and the user experience is improved. And high efficiency and accuracy of data transmission are ensured.

The invention discloses a multi-path cooperative communication method, belongs to the technical field of wireless communication, and is used for solving the problems of inaccurate path selection, unreasonable power distribution and inaccurate signal combination caused by dynamic change of a channel state in multi-path communication. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring channel state information of at least three communication paths in real time through a transmitting end, wherein the channel state information comprises signal strength, frequency offset and noise power spectral density; dynamically dividing and distributing the data stream to each path based on the path quality factor, and adjusting the transmitting power by combining the signal strength and the noise difference value; a receiving end carries out time domain alignment by adopting a sliding window cross-correlation algorithm, and carries out phase compensation based on a minimum mean square error criterion; path reallocation is triggered when the continuous bit error rate exceeds a threshold. According to the method, the multi-path resource utilization rate can be optimized, and the communication stability and the data transmission efficiency are improved.

Various systems and methods are presented regarding utilizing technology onboard a vehicle to mitigate the effects of communication signals being deleteriously affected / lost when operational surroundings cause occlusion / loss of receipt of positioning / location signals at the vehicle. The vehicle can be operating non-autonomously, partially autonomously, or autonomously. To supplement the lost / occluded signals position information of other systems proximate to the vehicle can be obtained / utilized. The other systems can include another vehicle, a mobile device, an internet, and suchlike. Also, onboard devices can be utilized to determine the location, such as an onboard camera system providing information regarding street signs, building facades, and suchlike.

The invention relates to the field of remote sensing unlocking, and discloses a differential positioning directional mistaken touch prevention remote sensing intelligent door lock device and a remote sensing unlocking method, and the device comprises an outdoor antenna which is used for receiving a signal in an outdoor preset effective range; the indoor antenna is used for receiving signals indoors; the Bluetooth receiving module is used for extracting an outdoor signal strength value and an indoor signal strength value; the PCBA control board is used for calculating a time difference value; when the real-time difference value is greater than a preset threshold value, determining that the transmitting end is outdoor; when the transmitting end is located outdoors and within a preset effective range, an unlocking instruction is sent out; and the door lock motor is used for executing the unlocking action of the intelligent door lock according to the unlocking instruction. The directional receiving design is adopted by the outdoor antenna, signals are received outdoors in a preset effective range, it is ensured that unlocking can be triggered only when the transmitting end is located in a specific area in front of the outdoor space, the problem of mistaken unlocking is avoided, and the safety of the door lock is improved.

Systems and methods for improving cellular handover performance are provided. A user individual offset parameter (UIO) is provided which may modify a measured signal strength parameter for a particular user equipment, improving handover performance. The UIO may be calculated and optimized such that one or more key performance indicators including signal to interference and noise ratio, handover success rate, and signaling overhead are maximized. A base station may compute or retrieve the value of a UIO for a particular user equipment, and adjust a measured signal strength and quality metric using the UIO. The UIO may be calculated either by the user equipment, the base station, or the core network.

In a wireless communication system, cross-link interference (CLI) measurements are used for received signal strength indicator (RSSI) based positioning. A first user equipment (UE) receives from a base station, a first message comprising a cross-link interference (CLI) configuration; performs one or more CLI measurements associated with an uplink transmission of a second UE based on the CLI configuration; receives a second message comprising an uplink transmission power measurement of the second UE; determines a pathloss associated with the second UE based on the one or more CLI measurements and the uplink transmission power measurement; and determines a range between a location of the first UE and a location of the second UE based on the pathloss.

The utility model discloses an intelligent communication antenna system capable of self-adapting to signal intensity, which is characterized by comprising an environment sensing module, a signal processing module and a fuzzy calculation adaptation module, and the environment sensing module, the signal processing module and the fuzzy calculation adaptation module are electrically connected. The environment sensing module comprises a signal state monitoring unit and a physical environment sensing unit; according to the utility model, through the arrangement of the environment sensing module and the fuzzy calculation adaptation module, if the attitude of the unmanned aerial vehicle changes in the driving process, the system can realize the dynamic prediction of the unmanned aerial vehicle according to fuzzy calculation in combination with the effects of multiple sensors such as a radar and a sensor, and can adjust the antenna parameters in time; according to the device, dynamic adaptation is realized through closed-loop feedback and sensing-processing-adjustment, so that the antenna signal strength can be adaptively switched when the attitude of the unmanned aerial vehicle changes quickly.

The invention relates to the technical field of electric power communication and information, in particular to a substation wireless network performance optimization method based on the Internet of Things, which comprises a data acquisition module, a data transmission and preprocessing module, an intelligent analysis module, a strategy generation module, a strategy execution and feedback module and an effect evaluation and abnormity alarm module. The data acquisition module is used for acquiring operation data and environment parameters of a wireless network of the transformer substation in real time; and the data transmission and preprocessing module is used for performing low-power-consumption transmission, cleaning, normalization and feature extraction processing on the operation data and the environment parameters. According to the application, wireless signal quality (signal intensity, signal-to-noise ratio and the like), equipment operation states (CPU / memory utilization rate and connection number), service load characteristics (flow peak value and protocol type) and environmental parameters (electromagnetic interference intensity, temperature and humidity) are synchronously acquired through the data acquisition module, multi-dimensional data fusion is realized, and a more complete information basis is provided for subsequent analysis.

The invention is suitable for the field of unmanned aerial vehicle management and control, and provides an unmanned aerial vehicle identity recognition countering method and system based on radio frequency hardware gene recognition, and the method comprises the steps: collecting a radio frequency signal transmitted by an unmanned aerial vehicle through employing a distributed heterogeneous radio frequency sensor array, and dynamically adjusting the sampling frequency according to the signal intensity, performing multi-scale time-frequency analysis on the collected radio-frequency signals, extracting multi-dimensional feature parameters from a time-frequency graph, constructing feature vectors, inputting the feature vectors into a recognition model fused by a deep convolutional neural network and a capsule network, recognizing the identity of the unmanned aerial vehicle, and if the unmanned aerial vehicle is an illegal unmanned aerial vehicle based on the identity of the unmanned aerial vehicle, judging whether the unmanned aerial vehicle is illegal or not; generating and sending a targeted countering strategy; according to the method and the system, a distributed heterogeneous sensor array and a self-adaptive sampling technology are adopted, so that the acquisition capability of unmanned aerial vehicle signals in different environments is effectively enhanced, radio frequency hardware gene features of the unmanned aerial vehicle can be accurately extracted and identified, and meanwhile, dynamic adjustment can be performed according to the state and the environment of the unmanned aerial vehicle.

The invention provides a satellite optical communication link switching method and system, electronic equipment and a storage medium, and relates to the technical field of communication, and the method comprises the steps: carrying out the analysis and processing of a first bit error rate and / or first signal intensity of a first satellite-ground link between a first satellite and a first ground gateway station, so as to obtain an average bit error rate and / or average signal intensity; the abnormal condition of the first satellite-ground link can be identified timely and accurately; according to the method, position information of satellites, service information of service data and performance parameters of a plurality of inter-satellite links are obtained, and link weights of the inter-satellite links are calculated based on the information to select a target inter-satellite link, so that an adaptive inter-satellite transmission path can be efficiently determined; and the service data is forwarded from the first satellite to the target satellite through the target inter-satellite link, and the service data is forwarded by means of the target satellite and the corresponding target ground gateway station, so that the continuity of satellite service transmission from space to the ground is ensured, and the service transmission blocking caused by link interruption is avoided.

The invention aims to provide an aircraft blade detection probe and method based on flexible double-frequency differential eddy current, and relates to the technical field of nondestructive testing, when defect detection of an aircraft blade is carried out, a flexible substrate can be adaptively attached to a complex curved surface of the blade; the double-frequency excitation coil cooperatively works through high frequency and low frequency and respectively captures surface micro-cracks and subsurface corrosion defects, and when differential signal amplitude fluctuation occurs in the differential receiving coil, it can be judged that abnormal damage exists in a corresponding blade area; if the coil induction signal is kept stable and unchanged, the corresponding area is in a normal state, and the geometric characteristics of the damaged part can be quantitatively analyzed by observing the numerical range of the amplitude change; specifically, the intensity of signals output by the induction lines and the integrity of the blade structure are in positive correlation, and the larger the fluctuation value is, the more serious the damage degree is.

The invention discloses an unmanned aerial vehicle countering method and countering device for radio detection, and relates to the field of signal processing, and the method comprises the steps: scanning and capturing a transient radio frequency pulse signal through a radio frequency receiving array, carrying out the time-frequency domain conjoint analysis, constructing a signal intensity space distribution matrix, and extracting a parameter set; matching with a protocol feature library, identifying an unmanned aerial vehicle remote control link protocol type, and calculating an unmanned aerial vehicle position and a threat level in combination with a signal time difference of arrival and a frequency difference; generating adaptive interference signal parameters according to the protocol type and the threat level; the method comprises the following steps: generating a directional beam through a two-dimensional phased-array antenna, focusing the position of an unmanned aerial vehicle to transmit an interference signal, monitoring signal intensity change and protocol response delay in real time, calculating a communication suppression ratio, and iteratively optimizing an interference strategy until a suppression threshold is reached. The method has the advantages that efficient and accurate signal capture and interference are realized through multi-channel radio frequency detection, accurate positioning and adaptive interference technologies, and the countering efficiency and adaptability are remarkably improved.